| 释义 |
behaviourism Psychol.|bɪˈheɪvjərɪz(ə)m|
[f. behaviour + -ism.]
A theory and method of psychological investigation based on the study and analysis of behaviour. Hence beˈhaviourist, one who practises this method; also attrib.; behaviouˈristic a., of or belonging to the behaviourists; characterized by behaviourism; also gen., pertaining or relating to behaviour; behaviouˈristically adv.; behaviouˈristics n. pl., the study of the responses of organisms to their environment.
1913J. B. Watson in Psychol. Rev. XX. 158 Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Ibid. 166, I feel that behaviorism is the only consistent and logical functionalism. 1914E. G. Titchener in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. LIII. 3 Most of the essential problems with which psychology as an introspective science now concerns itself are open to behaviorist treatment. Ibid. 13 The facts of psychology..are also to be carried, by way of behavioristic substitution, to the bodily periphery. 1916Boston Even. Transcript 26 July 116 A behavioristic psychology. 1920A. N. Whitehead Concept of Nature ix. 185 Our attitude towards nature is purely ‘behaviouristic’. 1921Edin. Rev. Apr. 351 Psychologists are divided into several camps, one of which, the American ‘Behaviourists’, cares very little for the social aspects of the subject. 1922Times Lit. Suppl. 20 July 478/4 The determinist is logically driven to ‘behaviourism’. 1924J. B. Watson in Psyche July 11 Behavioristic psychology. 1933Mind XLII. 381 The Communist studies religion, as a social phenomenon, behaviouristically. 1936E. E. Evans-Pritchard Ess. Soc. Anthrop. (1962) viii. 196 We treat them [sc. the ideas] behaviouristically as ritual responses and do not attempt to create for them an ideology that will explain them by seeming to cause them. 1940Bryant & Aiken Psychol. of English i. 5 The English language and grammar are the products of the group thinking of billions of people whose minds have worked psychologically rather than logically; and the fruit..is a system which reflects behavioristic patterns rather than formal regularity. 1941O. Neurath in Proc. Arist. Soc. XLI. 128 There is a trend to build up a Lingua Franca..which would enable us to pass from the theory of behaviour (‘behaviouristics’) to geology, biology and mechanics without any alteration of the type of our expressions. 1945Mind LIV. 193 Scientific psychology is either behaviouristic or physiological. 1953J. B. Carroll Stud. Lang. iii. 107 The kind of analysis suggested by Miller and Frick (1949) in their paper on what they call ‘statistical behavioristics’. Statistical behavioristics is the theory of stochastic processes applied to the study of sequences of responses. 1960Times 5 Feb. 3/6 The third difficulty was that some mosquitoes were developing what is technically known as behaviouristic resistance to insecticides. What this means is that, after entering a house and feeding on the occupants, they escaped to outdoor resting places, thus avoiding the lethal effects of the insecticide sprayed on the walls of the house. |