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▪ I. recitative, a.1 and n. Mus.|ˌrɛsɪtəˈtiːv|
[ad. It. recitativo recitativo; cf. F. récitatif n.
Johnson (1755) gives the stressing as ˈrecitative, and Webster (1828) as reˈcitative (defending it in a note): see also quots. 1655 in A. 1 and 1821 in B. 1.]
A. adj.
1. Of the nature of, in the style of, recitative (see B).
1645Evelyn Diary June (Venice), We went to the Opera where Comedies and other plays are represented in recitative Musiq. 1655[J. Phillips] Satyr agst. Hypoc. (1674) 6 Then out he whines the rest like some sad ditty, In a most doleful recitative style. 1711Addison Spect. No. 29 ⁋2 The Transition from an Air to Recitative Musick being more natural, than the passing from a Song to plain and ordinary Speaking. 1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 40 The oratorio..is a peculiar and difficult work of the dramatic recitative order.
†2. Employing a recitative style. Obs.—1
1660Jer. Taylor Duct. Dubit. iii. iv. rule 20 §11 Musicians..are not so recitative, they do not sing and express the words so plainly that they which hear do understand.
B. n.
1. a. A style of musical declamation, intermediate between singing and ordinary speech, commonly employed in the dialogue and narrative parts of operas and oratorios.
1656Blount Glossogr. s.v. Opera, A Tragedy..performed by Voyces in that way, which the Italians term Recitative. 1685Evelyn Diary 27 Jan., His singing was after the Venetian recitative, as masterly as could be. 1706in Phillips. 1780Harris Philol. Enq. Wks. (1841) 428 The ancient choruses between the acts were probably sung, and perhaps the rest was delivered in a species of recitative. 1821Byron Juan iv. lxxxvii, To hear him you'd believe An ass was practising recitative. 1882Farrar Early Chr. II. 552 Maimonides carefully preserves..the reason why the name was pronounced in an almost inaudible recitative.
†b. The tone or rhythm peculiar to any language. Obs.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 13 July, Because every language had its peculiar recitative. 1791Boswell Johnson xxvi. an. 1772, I could name some gentlemen of Ireland, to whom a slight proportion of the accent and recitative of that country is an advantage.
2. Words or passages intended to be delivered in recitative.
1716Rowe Let. to Hughes 22 Oct. in Sotheran's Catal. No. 12. (1899) 46 Three or four Airs with some little Recitative between is what the composer will be glad of. 1727Gay Begg. Op. Introd., I have not made my Opera throughout unnatural, like those in vogue; for I have no Recitative. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 171 The libretto..still wanted alterations and abbreviations of the recitative.
3. a. A part rendered in recitative, or a piece of music intended for such a part.
1754Richardson Grandison (1781) IV. xii. 95 How will the dear Harriet bear these abominable recitatives? 1762Kames Elem. Crit. xviii. (1833) 290 The melody of a recitative approaches sometimes to that of a song. 1874M. E. Herbert tr. Hübner's Ramble ii. ii. (1878) 249 The flute begins playing a recitative evidently of great antiquity.
b. A performance in recitative. Also fig.
1873Tristram Moab ii. 28 A capital ‘fantasia’ or Arab dance and recitative round our camp fire. 1957M. Spark Comforters iii. 42 It said: On the whole she did not think there would be any difficulty with Helena... There seemed, then, to have been more than one voice: it was a recitative, a chanting in unison.
4. Comb., as recitative-like adj.
1947A. Einstein Mus. in Romantic Era xi. 143 Characteristically Lisztian recitative-like interjections. 1963Times 28 Feb. 16/3 It was especially in his perfect shaping of the recitative-like passages that Mr. Frank demonstrated his cultivated musicianship.
Hence † recitatively adv. Obs.—1
1702Lett. on Q. Anne's Going to St. Paul's (T.), The jubilee was sung in the same manner, after which the office was performed only recitatively; no organs made use of.
▪ II. recitative, a.2 rare.|ˈrɛsɪteɪtɪv, rɪˈsɪtətɪv|
[f. recite v. + -ative, perh. suggested by prec.]
Of the nature of a recital or repetition.
1860Westcott Introd. Stud. Gosp. iii. (ed. 5) 193 Of verbal coincidences,..one-fifth occur in the narrative, and four-fifths in the recitative parts. 1896C. Johnson in Cal. Petit. to Pope I. Pref. 6 Although in other respects the recitative portion of the bull is usually full.
▪ III. recitative, v.|ˌrɛsɪtəˈtiːv|
[f. recitative a.1]
1. trans. To render or deliver in recitative.
1806R. Cumberland Mem. 59 Mrs. Cibber..sung or rather recitatived Rowe's harmonious strain. 1833Q. Rev. XLIX. 353 The elder verse—the Homeric and Hesiodic—was sung, or..recitatived.
2. intr. To declaim in recitative.
1832Southey Hist. Penins. War III. 598 Sundry..Lusitanian worthies recitatived in praise of Lord Wellington. 1932[see preludingly adv.]. |