| 释义 |
ˈfreshˌwater, a.
[f. fresh a. + water n.]
1. a. Of or pertaining to, yielding, produced by, or living in water that is fresh or not salt. Also, pertaining to an animal that lives in fresh water. So in names of fishes, as freshwater mussel, etc.
1528Paynel Salerne Regim. O iij, The best freshe water fyshe..is taken in water stonye in the bottum. 1765T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. v. 465 Pearch, and other fresh⁓water fish. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1852) II. 160 The fresh-water polypus. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 49 Animals..bred in the numerous fresh-water lakes. 1798Sporting Mag. XII. 183 The Bull-head..is in some places called the fresh-water devil. 1828Miss Mitford Village Ser. iii. (1863) 82 Fresh-water flowers of several colours. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 142 Land and fresh-water shells, are common to both formations. 1875J. Croll Climate & T. xxix. 485 We suppose those in the western channel to be of freshwater origin.
b. U.S. (See quot. 1925.)
1860O. W. Holmes E. Venner vii, A Sophomore from one of the fresh-water colleges. 1881Harper's Mag. Jan. 224/1 ‘There is enough to send him through college.’.. ‘In a fresh-water college?’.. ‘Why not, for a fresh-water boy? He will always live in the West.’ 1903C. T. Brady Bishop xii. 230 He had just entered the preparatory class of a little Eastern Fresh-water college. 1925G. P. Krapp English Lang. in Amer. I. 135 One speaks also..of regions further inland with the qualifying adjective freshwater, as in freshwater towns or freshwater colleges, the adjective carrying with it some implication of rusticity and provincialism. 1963Punch 17 Apr. 548/1 A very great improvement in the standard and aims of even quite small ‘fresh⁓water colleges’.
2. a. Unaccustomed to salt water, new to the sea.
1621Crt. & Times Jas. I (1849) II. 215 The French ambassador..being himself such a fresh-water sailor. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 515 Fresh-water travellers at Sea. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. i, You're but a fresh-water sailor. 1816Keatinge Trav. (1817) I. 26 A considerable deal of bustle occurs amongst the fresh-water sailors of these countries.
†b. fig. Unpractised; unskilled; untrained; raw.
1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 232 [The storm] did marvellously trouble them, and specially those that were but fresh-water Souldiers. 1624Crt. & Times Jas. I (1849) II. 461 Some fresh-water soldiers are preferred to old servitors. 1677App. to Spottiswood's Hist. Ch. Scotl. 15 The Tironenses..are not a distinct Order of Monks, but rather young Novices, or fresh-water Monks. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. xxvii. 338 The..Army was commanded by..Antonio de Figuera, a Freshwater Soldier, but a great Bragadocio. 1754Fielding Voy. to Lisbon Wks. 1882 VII. 11 Ignorant, unlearned, and fresh-water critics.
†3. fresh-water soldier, a name for the plant Stratiotes aloides (Gerard, Herbal, 1597, ii. ccxcix).
Hence † fresh-watered a. = prec. 2 b.
1674S. Vincent Gallant's Acad. Ep. Ded. A v b, Commanders will not disdain to instruct even a fresh-watered Souldier in the School-points of War. |