| 释义 |
freshen, v.|ˈfrɛʃ(ə)n|
[f. fresh a. + -en5.]
1. intr. To become fresh.
a. Of the wind: To begin to blow fresh; to increase in strength. Also with up. Const. into.
1697W. Dampier Voy. I. iv. 79 The wind came about to the Eastward and freshened upon us. 1760G. Washington Writ. (1889) II. 143 The Wind freshened up as the Evening came on. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy xvii, The wind now freshened fast. 1884Pae Eustace 197 The wind was again freshening into a gale.
b. To assume a fresh look; to become bright or vivid; to brighten.
1819–20W. Irving Sketch Bk., Christm. Dinner (1865) 281 How truly is a kind heart a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity to freshen into smiles! 1848C. Brontë J. Eyre ix, A greenness grew over those brown beds, which freshening daily, suggested the thought that Hope traversed them at night.
c. To grow fresh; to lose salt or saltness.
1864in Webster; whence in mod. Dicts.
d. Of a cow: to become fresh (see fresh a. 10 c). U.S.
1915J. London Let. 26 Jan. (1966) 446 Get Timms'..number of freshening cows. 1931Randolph (W. Va.) Enterprise 9 Apr. 2/2, I have for sale 2 year old Jersey heifers to freshen in April and two Jersey cows,..one of them fresh now.
e. To wash one's hands and face, tidy one's hair and clothes, etc. Const. up. Chiefly U.S.
1961in Webster. 1962‘A. Gilbert’ No Dust in Attic vi. 73 She thought she'd run along and freshen up. 1971‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird vii. 92 They all fore⁓gather..for drinks before dinner. Would you like to freshen up and we'll take you?
2. trans.
a. To make fresh, in various senses: esp. to recruit, renew, revive, give freshness to; to remove salt or saltness from. Also with up.
1749F. Smith Voy. Disc. II. 14 Water Holes..were cut in the Ice, for freshening the Meat. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 246 Freshen'd from the wave the zephyr blew. 1777Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. ii. 138 It freshens the ocean many leagues with its flood. 1801M. Edgeworth Belinda (1833) II. xxi. 90 Let in a little air to freshen the room. 1805Southey in Ann. Rev. III. 227 [They] get into the suburbs..and freshen themselves for the confinement of the week to come. 1808― Lett. (1856) II. 94 He will beat the Austrians, and freshen his popularity in France by so doing. 1856Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 254 It would freshen up my Italian. 1860–1F. Nightingale Nursing 70 It freshens up a sick person's whole mind to see ‘the baby’. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola i. i, The good wives of the market freshened their utensils. 1871G. H. Napheys Prev. & Cure Dis. i. iii. 95 It is freshened with carbonic acid gas. 1874Deutsch Rem. 258 And must we again freshen up their memory? 1877Goodholme's Dom. Cycl. 113 (Cent.) Freshen [salt codfish] by leaving it in water an hour.
b. To add fresh wine (spirits, etc.) to a drink which has been standing for some time; to top up (a person's drink). Chiefly U.S.
a1961in Webster, Freshen the highball with more ice. 1971M. Butterworth Flowers for Dead Witch xii. 158 You've let your Martini get warm... I'll freshen your glass. 1975D. Lodge Changing Places ii. 67 You might freshen my drink for me. 1986P. Barker Century's Daughter xv. 262 He..made himself a cup of coffee and carried the kettle back into the hall. ‘Do you want yours freshening?’
3. Naut. ‘To relieve (a rope) of its strain, or danger of chafing, by shifting or removing its place of nip’ (Adm. Smyth). to freshen hawse, freshen the nip: to pay out more cable, so as to change the place of the part exposed to friction (also fig.: cf. nip n.2 b); to freshen ballast: ‘to divide or separate it, so as to alter its position’ (Adm. Smyth); to freshen way: of a ship, to increase the speed; also transf. of a passenger or traveller.
1827J. F. Cooper Red Rover (1881) iii. 51 Profiting by the occasion ‘to freshen his nip’, as he quaintly called swallowing a pint of rum and water, he continued his narrative. 1841Southern Lit. Messenger VII. 764/1 After going into the saloon (grog-shop) to ‘freshen the nip’—as they professionally called taking a glass of brandy and water—they led me into the upper tier of boxes. 1855F. Chamier My Trav. I. xi. 177, I freshened my way, and got home as quickly as possible. 1859[see nip n.1 1 c]. 1961F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 98 Freshen the nip, veer or haul slightly so that a rope may be moved a little.
Hence ˈfreshened, ˈfreshening ppl. adjs. Also ˈfreshener, something that freshens; spec. a spell of exercise for ‘freshening’ a horse.
1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xvi, I..bid the freshen'd waters glide..Through winding woods and pastures wide. 1817Moore Lalla R. (1824) 223 Gave her cheeks all the freshened animation of a flower that [etc.]. 1884Advance (Chicago) 13 Mar., Change of method will be a freshener of interest. 1889Mrs. Randolph New Eve I. i. 11, I thought of taking the bays out for a freshener on the cliff. 1894Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 3/1 The simplest form of this grafting process is the bringing together of ‘freshened’ edges of flesh. |