| 释义 |
transparent, a. (n.)|trɑːnsˈpɛərənt, træns-, -ˈpær-, -nz-|
Also 5 -paraunt, 6–7 -parant.
[ad. med.L. transpārēnt-em, pr. pple. of transpārēre (= ‘pellūcēre’ Du Cange), f. trans- + pārēre to appear, be visible. In 15th c. app. stressed transpaˈraunt, after F. transparent (14th c. in Hatz.-Darm.).]
1. a. Having the property of transmitting light, so as to render bodies lying beyond completely visible; that can be seen through; diaphanous.
1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) i. iii. (1859) 4 The erthe seemyd me al clere and transparaunt, soo that I myght see clerely al that was withynne. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) VI. 425 A vesselle made of onichinus, transparente, and polischede by so subtile an arte þat [etc.]. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 31 Nor shines the siluer Moone one halfe so bright, Through the transparent bosome of the deepe. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 265 The Firmament, expanse of liquid, pure, Transparent, Elemental Air. 1712–14Pope Rape of Lock ii. 61 Transparent forms, too fine for mortal sight. 1807Transparent Prints [see transparency 2 b]. 1813Bakewell Introd. Geol. (1815) 37 Uncrystallized quartz is seldom transparent, most frequently translucent, but sometimes opaque. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. iii. §23 (1879) 125 Both head and tail [of a comet] are so transparent that all but the faintest stars are easily seen through them.
b. transf. Pervious to heat-rays. Hence more widely, allowing the passage of any specified kind of radiation. Also, allowing the passage of sound waves without distortion.
1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §178 It is probable that no substance is perfectly transparent with respect to heat. 1883Illustr. Lond. News 24 Feb. 203/3 A table of various substances, some of which are opaque to light and transparent to heat, and the reverse. 1947Physical Rev. LXXII. 1114/1 At sufficiently high energies the nucleus begins to be transparent to the bombarding particles. 1962Listener 3 May 770/1 The needles..would be effective only in centimetre wavelengths—to which..the ionosphere is virtually transparent. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio ii. 41 Note that rack (as well as table surface) should be made of acoustically transparent mesh. Ibid. 269 The rack itself should be transparent to sound. 1974Nature 13 Dec. 613/2 Their seismic data are said to ‘reveal a distinct basement ridge’ blanketed by acoustically transparent sediments which ‘thin subtly near the crest of the buried ridge’. 1976Gramophone Apr. 1682/2 The latter consists of a thin framework carrying two stand-off ribs to give a three-faced appearance when the black, acoustically transparent, stockinette cloth is stretched over it. 1978Nature 21 Sept. 175/1 A container of superfluid 4He whose walls are transparent to neutrons with velocity of 450 ms–1. 1980Sci. Amer. July 56/1 The interstellar medium is highly transparent to gamma rays. 1982Nature 9 Sept. 122/1 The ocean is transparent to sound.
†c. That shines through; penetrating, as light.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 353 Like to the glorious Sunnes transparant Beames. 1593T. Watson Tears of Fancie xxxi, My loues transparent beames and rosy colour.
†d. Apparent or visible through something. Cf. transpare v. b. Obs.
1609Daniel Civ. Wars iv. ii, Which, though..Thou ouerlay'st with fayrest colourings; Yet th' vnder-worke, transparent, shewes too plaine. 1712Steele Spect. No. 490 ⁋7 To my fond Eyes she all transparent stood.
†e. Admitting the passage of light through interstices. Obs. rare.
1617Moryson Itin. iii. 141 Not farre thence is a transparant and pleasant, but little Wood. 1693Congreve in Dryden's Juvenal xi. (1697) 280 He, whose thin transparent Rags, declare How much, his tatter'd Fortune wants repair.
2. fig.
a. Frank, open, candid, ingenuous.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. ii. 104 Transparent Helena, nature shewes art, That through thy bosome makes me see thy heart. 1635R. Carew in Lismore Papers (1888) Ser. ii. III. 217 They are very well beloued for their ciuill and transparent carriage towards all sorts. 1878T. Hardy Ret. Native i. iv, An ingenuous, transparent life was disclosed. 1891E. Peacock N. Brendon II. 306 She was transparent as the daylight.
b. Easily seen through, recognized, understood, or detected; manifest, evident, obvious, clear. Cf. apparent 3.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. ii. 96 Then turne teares to fire: And these who often drown'd could neuer die, Transparent Heretiques be burnt for liers. 1638Chillingw. Relig. Prot. i. ii. §150. 111 Your Argument against us, is a transparent fallacy. 1710Steele Tatler No. 197 ⁋5 In Courts, they make transparent Flatterers. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. v. 347 A transparent artifice..paralyses them. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 178 The fallacy of the remark is transparent. 1879McCarthy Own Times II. xviii. 37 The transparent sincerity of his purpose.
c. Linguistics. Obvious in structure or meaning; that can be extrapolated from surface structure; of a phonological rule: that can be extrapolated from every occurrence of the phenomenon, in which every context implies the rule (opp. opaque a. 3 c).
1974[see opaque a. 3 c]. 1975[see transparency 1 b]. 1977Language LIII. 820 A compound may be highly transparent semantically when it is coined. 1980Amer. Speech LV. 38 The hydronymic element -kill and names formed from it are semantically opaque, whereas creek and brook are transparent. 1981Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics XXVI. 73 They..show no preferences either way if both word boundary and formative boundary derivations are transparent.
3. Of reproduced sound: clear, without tonal distortion, not blurred, with each element distinct.
1950Audio Engin. Sept. 33/2 The sound is then said to be transparent..; no acoustic fog veils the ensemble, and each instrument stands out with clarity. |