| 释义 |
▪ I. forest, n.|ˈfɒrɪst|
Also 4–5 foreste, (5 foreist, -eyst, Sc. forast), 6–7 forrest.
[a. OF. forest (Fr. forêt), ad. med.L. forest-em (silvam) the ‘outside’ wood (i.e. that lying outside the walls of the park, not fenced in), f. forīs out of doors.]
1. a. An extensive tract of land covered with trees and undergrowth, sometimes intermingled with pasture. Also, the trees collectively of a ‘forest’.
a1300Cursor M. 3608 (Cott.) Bath in feild and in forest. c1350Will. Palerne 3 In þat forest..Þat woned a wel old cherl. c1440Ipomydon 370 With youre houndis more and lesse, In the forest to take my grese. a1631Donne Paradoxes (1652) 75 Tylting, Turnying, and riding in Forrests. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 23 To have acknowledged their victories with Crowns, a Forrest of Laurell would scarce have sufficed. 1730–46Thomson Autumn 320 The stooping forest pours A rustling shower of yet untimely leaves. 1799Colebrooke in Life (1873) 410 The prevalence of forest renders Bejeygerh a very unwholesome spot. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 149 He was whisked away over prairies, and forests. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxvii. 196 The black pine forests on the slopes of the mountains.
transf. and fig.1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 286 A Forrest of Feathers. 1627Drayton Agincourt clxxvii, Vpon these French our Fathers wan renowne, And with their swords we'll hewe yan Forrest down. 1645Fuller Good Th. in Bad T. (1841) 43 London (that forest of people). 1669Dryden Tyrannic Love i. i. Wks. 1883 III. 394 With a forest of their darts he strove. 1784Cowper Task iv. 74 Forests of no meaning spread the page In which all comprehension wanders lost. 1867A. Barry Sir C. Barry iii. 70 A forest of spires sprang up. 1875E. White Life in Christ iv. xxvii. (1876) 475 A whole forest of verbal arguments.
b. In Great Britain, the name of several districts formerly covered with trees, but now brought more or less under cultivation, always with some proper name attached, as Ashdown, Ettrick, Sherwood, Wychwood Forest.
2. Law. A woodland district, usually belonging to the king, set apart for hunting wild beasts and game, etc. (cf. quots. 1598 and 1628); having special laws and officers of its own.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 375 Þe nywe forest, Þat ys in Souþhamtessyre. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. iv. 28 In huntyng..On a day in þe Neu Forast. 1494Fabyan Chron. (1811) 356 Confirmacon of y⊇ statutes of y⊇ forest. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest i. §1. 1 a, A Forrest is certen Territorie of wooddy grounds & fruitfull pastures, priuiledged for wild beasts and foules of Forrest, Chase and Warren, to rest and abide in, in the safe protection of the King, for his princely delight and pleasure. 1628Coke On Litt. §378 A Forest and Chase are not but a Parke must bee inclosed. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. i. (1677) 22 A Chase..may be in the hands of a Subject, which a Forest in its proper nature cannot be. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. 414 The forests..having never been disposed of in the first distribution of lands, were therefore held to belong to the crown. 1883F. Pollock Land Laws ii. 40 The presence of trees..is not required to make a forest in this sense. The great mark of it is the absence of enclosures.
†3. A wild uncultivated waste, a wilderness.
c1320Seuyn Sag. (W.) 846 He wente into a forest wild Into desert fram alle men. c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 33/1 In our lande is also a grete deserte or forest. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xxix. 182 Therefore we haue named them Camomill of the Forest, or wildernesse. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea Proem B iij b, Away she betakes her self into the great and wide Forrest of the Sea.
4. attrib. and Comb.
a. simple attrib., as forest-administration, forest-alley, forest-bough, forest-brother, forest-craft, forest-deep, forest fire (also fig.), forest-floor, forest-folk, forest-fruit, forest-glade, forest-hearse, forest-house, forest-land, forest-lawn, forest-leaf, forest-life, forest-lodge, forest-lord, forest-matter, forest-nymph, forest-path, forest pathology, forest reserve, forest-ridge, forest-rights, forest-road, forest-shade, forest-sheriff, forest-side, forest-skirt, forest-sport, forest-steading, forest stream, forest-top, forest-walk, forest-wood. Also forest-like adj.
1838Penny Cycl. X. 359/2 The laws and regulations of *forest administration.
1844Clough Wirkung in der Ferne Remains (1869) II. 35 In perspective, brief, uncertain, Are the *forest-alleys closed.
1727–46Thomson Summer 299 The *Forest-Boughs..dance..to the playful Breeze.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Last Constantine xc. Poems (1849) 232 Mountain storms, whose fury hath o'erthrown It's *forest-bretheren.
1894Academy 8 Sept. 175/3 The influence of German *forest-craft is seen in every page.
1842Tennyson Sir Launcelot & Q. Guinevere 7 In *forest-deeps unseen.
1878F. B. Hough Rep. Forestry I. 158 The frequent occurrence of *forest-fires along railroad-lines. 1958Spectator 8 Aug. 183/2 He was forced to intervene in the island to protect Turkish nationals, to prevent indirect aggression, and to put out a neighbouring forest fire.
1849Thoreau Week Concord Riv. 233 Ere the black bear haunted Thy red *forest-floor. 1864Lowell Fireside Trav. 10 Green..decay on forest-floors.
1847M. Howitt Ballads 125 The *forest-folk they sing their songs.
1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 222 Trees their *Forrest-fruit deny'd.
1727–46Thomson Summer 58 Along the *Forest-Glade The wild Deer trip.
1820Keats Isabella xliii, She..went into that dismal *forest-hearse.
1646Buck Rich. III, 118 In a Lodge, or *Forest-house.
1649Milton Eikon. Wks. (1847) 296/2 Their possessions..taken from them, one while as *forest land, another while as crown land. 1805King in Hist. Rec. Austral. 1st Ser. V. 586 Forest land: [land which] abounds with Grass and is the only Ground which is fit to Graze; according to the local distinction, the Grass is the discriminating Character and not the Trees, for by making use of the Former it is clearly understood as different from a Brush or Scrub. 1936Discovery Apr. 107 A typical Finnish scene of water and forest-land. 1968G. Jones Hist. Vikings iv. ii. 383 He headed into the forestlands of Dalarna.
1809Wordsw. Sonn., ‘Advance—come forth’, The hunter train..Have roused her [Echo] from her..*forest-lawn.
1727–46Thomson Summer 1120 And stirs the *Forest-Leaf without a Breath.
1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 165 This, the first day of our *forest-life.
1611Cotgr., Forestier, woodie, *forrest-like. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. (1863) 46 The more beautiful for being shut in with a forest-like closeness.
1847M. Howitt Ballads 147 My mother she loves that *forest-lodge.
a1847Eliza Cook There Would I be iv, Where the dark *forest-lords tangle their boughs.
1659Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 129 Illegal Actions in *Forest-matters.
1612Drayton Poly-olb. ii. 25 A *Forest-Nymph, and one of chaste Diana's charge.
1821Mrs. Hemans Vespers of Palermo ii. ii, Oh! the *forest-paths are dim and wild.
1944Forestry Terminol. (Soc. Amer. Foresters) 3/2 *Forest pathology borders on a number of related fields, such as forestry, plant pathology, mycology.
1882North Amer. Rev. Oct. 400 Preserving certain portions..as Government *forest reserves. 1945Craig (Colo.) Empire-Courier 25 July 2/4 There's forest reserve country up there that's just waiting for you.
1822Mantell Fossils S. Downs 17 The *Forest-ridge constitutes the north-eastern extremity of the county.
1863J. R. Wise New Forest iv. 46 Cattle may..be turned out, by those who have *Forest rights.
1847M. Howitt Ballads 140 That every soul from Elverslie The *forest-roads might take.
1704Pope Summer 62 Chaste Diana haunts the *forest-shade.
1808Scott Marm. ii. Introd. 85 The *Forest-Sheriff's lonely chace.
c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 990 In his wey it happed him to ryde..under a *forest syde. 14..Sir Beues 3360 (MS. M.) Tyl they cam to a forest syde.
1845G. Murray Islaford 44 Breezy jauntings..On *forest-skirt.
1852James Agnes Sorel (1860) I. 131 Well accustomed to *forest-sports.
1879Encycl. Brit. X. 18 The ‘*forest-steading of Galashiels’ is first mentioned in history shortly after the beginning of the 15th century.
1847M. Howitt Ballads 127 The *forest-streams..with a talking sound went by.
1819Byron Juan ii. ciii, Its growing green..waved in *forest tops.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. i. 114 The *Forrest walkes are wide and spacious.
1593― Rich. II, iii. i. 23 You haue..fell'd my *Forrest Woods.
b. esp. with names of living beings, with sense ‘haunting or inhabiting a forest’: as, forest-bear, forest-bee, forest-boar, forest-boy, forest-dove, forest-pony.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 13 Whose hand is that the *Forrest Beare doth licke?
1738Wesley Psalms civ. iii, Darkness He makes the Earth to shroud, When *Forest⁓Beasts securely stray.
1885J. S. Stallybrass tr. Hehn's Wand. Plants & Anim. 463 This keeping of *forest-bees was the business of the bee-master.
1870Bryant Iliad II. xvii. 195 Like hounds That spring upon a wounded *forest-boar.
1847M. Howitt Ballads 123 He did not run about with the *forest-boys at play.
a1835Mrs. Hemans Sicilian Captive Poet. Wks. (1849) 413 Bowers wherein the *forest-dove her nest untroubled weaves.
1823in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 393 As ragged as *forest-ponies in the month of March.
c. objective, as forest-feller, forest-felling.
1618Chapman Hesiod. Bk. Days 68 Let thy *forest-feller cut thee all Thy chamber fuel.
1841Carlyle Heroes 53 Among the Northland Sovereigns..I find some..*Forest⁓felling Kings.
d. instrumental, locative, and originative; as forest-belted, forest-born, forest-bosomed, forest-bound, forest-bred, forest-clad, forest-crowned, forest-dweller, forest-dwelling, forest-frowning, forest-rustling.
1875Longfellow Pandora vi, Have the mountains..the *forest-belted, Scattered their arms abroad.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. iv. 30 This boy is *forestborn. 1837Southern Lit. Messenger III. 238 The walls..once resounded with the accents of the forest-born Demosthenes. 1841H. S. Foote Texas & Texans I. 120 It was in fact perfectly natural..that ‘forest-born’ orators [should have come forward] to rouse..the spirit of resistance.
1817Shelley Athanase ii. ii. 50 Like wind upon some *forest-bosomed lake.
1835J. P. Kennedy Horse Shoe R. xiii, The sequestered and *forest-bound region in which Adair resided.
1882J. Hawthorne Fort. Fool i. xiii, A specimen of art such as the *forest-bred lad had never happened to see before.
1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life 208 Its [the Mississippi's] sources are..in *forest-clad plateaux.
1727–46Thomson Summer 459 On the Sunless side Of a romantic Mountain *Forest-crown'd.
1866Peacock Eng. Ch. Furniture 14 The shepherd, the hunter, the *forest-dweller, and the sea-rover.
1891Atkinson Last of Giant Killers 202 Wild or *forest-dwelling creatures.
1794Coleridge Monody Death Chatterton 72 Some hill, whose *forest-frowning side Waves o'er the murmurs of his calmer tide.
1726–46Thomson Winter 151 From the shore..And *forest-rustling mountain, comes a voice.
5. Special combinations: forest-bed, Geol., a stratum originating from a primæval forest; † forest-bill, a woodman's bill-hook; forest-brown a., the trade designation of a colour used for ladies' dresses; † forest-cloth, ? some woollen fabric; forest-court (see quot.); † forest-fever, jungle-fever; forest-fly, a fly of the genus Hippobosca, esp. H. equina; forest-green a. and n., applied by Scott to the ‘Lincoln green’, said in the ballads to be the special costume of Robin Hood and his men; hence (?), used as the commercial name of a shade of green in dress-material; forest-kangaroo: see forester 3 b; forest-laws, laws relating to royal forests, enacted by William I and other Norman kings; forest mahogany, a name used for several species of the genus Eucalyptus, especially E. resinifera; forest marble (see quot.); forest-oak (see quot.); forest-peat, wood-peat (Cent. Dict.); forest red gum, Eucalyptus tereticornis; forest-school, a school for giving instruction and training in the management of forests; forest shrew, a name used for several African shrews of the genus Myosorex; forest-stone (see quot.); forest-tree, any tree of large growth, fitted to be a constituent part of a forest; forest-wards adv., towards the forest; † forest-white, a kind of cloth; † forest-work, a decorative representation of sylvan scenery.
1840*Forest bed [see Cromer]. 1861Geologist IV. 70 The dark sandy clay, known as the Forest bed, from the abundance..of stems and trunks of trees found in and on it. 1865Page Geol. Terms (ed. 2), Forest-bed, the name given by English geologists to a stratum which underlies the Glacial Drift at Cromer in Norfolk.
1488Mem. Rip. (Surtees) I. 311 Cum quodam le *Forest byll..in capite percussit. 1828–40Berry Encycl. Herald. I. Forest-bill or Wood-bill an instrument for lopping trees, &c.
1892Daily News 29 Sept. 6/2 A tea-gown of *forest brown velvet.
1769Dublin Mercury 16–19 Sept. 2/2 All kinds of broad cloths, *forrest cloths, beaver druggets.
1768Blackstone Comm. iii. vi. 71 The *forest courts, instituted for the government of the king's forests..and for the punishment of all injuries done to the king's deer [etc.].
1799Colebrooke in Life (1873) 427 This disorder did not assume the worst shape of what is denominated the *forest fever.
1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 934 The greater..is the *Forrest-fly. 1773G. White Selborne liii. (1875) 143 A species of them [Hippoboscæ] is familiar to horsemen in the south of England under the name of forest-fly. 1836–39Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 867/2 The forest-fly is..troublesome to horses in the summer.
1810Scott Lady of L. iv. xii, As gay [is] the *forest-green. 1820― Ivanhoe iii, His dress was a tunic of forest green. 1892Daily News 16 Sept. 3/3 A dark forest-green gown is lined with tartan silk in brown and green.
1852L. A. Meredith My home in Tasmania I. 244 The Great or *Forest Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus).
1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest vi. 34 Those that were vnlearned in the *Forrest lawes. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 103 No part of the royal despotism was so galling..as these forest-laws.
1884A. Nilson Timber Trees N.S.W. 10 The most valuable and best-known species of Eucalyptus are those called..‘Red or *Forest Mahogany’. 1889F. von Mueller Eucalyptographia I, s.v. Eucalyptus resinifera, It bears the colonial name of Red or Forest-Mahogany, which appellations are very inaptly given, inasmuch as the wood bears no real similarity to that of the true West Indian Mahogany.
1858*Forest Marble [see Bathonian a. 2]. 1865Page Handbk. Geol. Terms, Forest Marble, an argillaceous laminated shelly limestone..forming one of the upper portions of the Lower Oolite. It derives its name from Whichwood Forest in Oxfordshire.
1882J. Smith Dict. Pop. Names Plants 294 Casuarina equisetifolia and C. torulosa..In Australia they are known by the names of..She Oak, *Forest Oak [etc.].
1904J. H. Maiden Forest Flora N.S.W. II. 1 ‘*Forest Red Gum’... This species is..usually found in open forest country, hence I recommend the adoption of the prefix ‘Forest’ to Red Gum, the name by which it is very commonly known, with the view to save confusion. 1931E. Maxwell Afforestation in Southern Lands lxiv. 273 This other Red Gum, the Forest Red Gum, will grow under conditions that the River Red Gum will not. 1957Forest Trees Austral. (Commonw. Forestry & Timber Bur.) 86 Forest red gum..extends beyond the shores of Australia to the drier parts of Papua.
1888Pall Mall G. 4 Apr. 5/1 The difference between skilled and unskilled management would more than repay the cost of a *forest school.
1958G. Durrell Encounters with Animals i. 25 If anything lives to eat, this *forest shrew does.
1787G. White Selborne iv. (1789) 10 [A] sort of stone, called by the workmen sand, or *forest-stone..composed of a small roundish crystalline grit, cemented together by a brown, terrene, ferruginous matter.
1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 145 The Trees hitherto mention'd, are..called *Forest-Trees. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxvii, The rest move slowly forth with me, In shelter of the forest-tree.
1833H. Martineau Briery Creek vi. 139 She looked out, *forest-wards, for long before she tried to rest.
1551–2Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 6. §1 All Clothes commonly called Pennystones or *Forest Whites.
1647H. More Song of Soul i. i. xli, All *forrest-work is in this tapestry. 1745De Foe's Eng. Tradesman xxii. (1841) I. 207 Finely painted in forest-work and figures.
▪ II. forest, v.|ˈfɒrɪst|
[f. prec.]
trans. a. nonce-use. To place in a forest. b. To plant with trees, convert into a forest.
1818Keats Endymion ii. 305 O Haunter chaste Of river sides, and woods..Where..Art thou now forested? 1865Q. Rev. July 18 A comparatively small surface of this vast range of wild country has been forested. 1885Pall Mall G. 11 Mar. 4/2 Ground that has not been forested. |