| 释义 |
▪ I. five, a. and n.|faɪv|
Forms: 1–2 fíf, 3–5 fif, (3 fifve, 4 fijf, fyf, 5 feyffe, fiffe), 3–4 south. vif, 2–3 south. vyve, 3–6 fyve, 7 Sc. fywe, 3– five.
[Com. Teut. and Aryan: OE. fíf, inflected fífe (ME. five, vyve), fífa, fífum (ME. fiven, viven) = OFris. and OS. fîf (Du. vijf), OHG. fimf, finf, funf (MHG. vünf, mod.Ger. fünf), ON. fimm (Sw. and Da. fem), Goth. fimf:—OTeut. *fimf(i:—pre-Teut. *pempe, modified by assimilation of consonants from OAryan *penqe, whence Skr. pañca, Lith. penkì, Gr. πέντε, πέµπε, Lat. quīnque, OIrish cóic, Gaulish pempe, OWelsh pimp (mod. Welsh pump).]
The cardinal number next after four, represented by the symbols 5 or V.
A. as adj.
1. a. In concord with a n. expressed.
the Five points, (a) the principal points of controversy between the Calvinists and Arminians, relating to predestination, satisfaction, regeneration, grace, and final perseverance; (b) the reforms demanded by the ‘People's Charter’ of 1838 (see charter n. 1 d). The Five Ports: the Cinque Ports. the five senses, five wits: see the ns.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 9 Ne ᵹe ᵹeþenceað þæra fif hlafa and fif þusend manna. c1050Byrhtferth's Handboc in Anglia (1885) VIII. 298 Nim þas an hund tida & þas fif & wyrc fif daᵹas. c1250Gen. & Ex. 746 Fif burges wer ðor-inne bi tale, ðer-fore it hiȝte pentapolis. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7888 Ac þe vif pors of engelond. 1340Ayenb. 179 Vif þinges specialliche destorbeþ zoþe ssriffþe. 1422J. Yonge Priv. Priv. in Secreta Secret. (E.E.T.S.) 180 If þou fynde noght ffyue vpberers þat be lykynge to þe. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 268 Lord Warden of the fiue ports. 1845Disraeli Sybil (1863) 182 The national petition..praying the House to take into consideration the five points in which the working classes deemed their best interests involved; to wit, universal suffrage, vote by ballot, annual parliaments, salaried members, and the abolition of the property qualification.
b. Phrases. to know how many (blue) beans make five (see bean n. 6 d); † to come in with (one's) five eggs (see egg n. 4).
2. a. With ellipsis of n., which may usually be supplied from context. † a five or o five, in five (parts): see a prep.1 6.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 2 Hyra fif wæron dysiᵹe, and fif gleawe. c1205Lay. 25891 Þæs bures dure he warp adun: þat heo to-barst a uiuen. a1225Juliana 71 Alle italde bitale seoue siðe tene & forðre ȝet fiue. a1200Moral Ode 28 in Lamb. Hom. 289 Betere his on almesse before þanne ben after vyue. c1330King of Tars in Eng. Stud. XI. 33 Him þouȝt his hert is brast o fiue. 1591in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. III. 117 In this square they..played, five to five, with the hand-ball. 1611Bible Isa. xxx. 17 At the rebuke of fiue, shall ye flee. 1823Byron Juan x. xxxiii, Thermometers sunk down to ten, Or five, or one, or zero.
b. esp. of the hour of the day, as five o'clock, etc.
1552Huloet, Ffiue of the clocke, hora quinta. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. ii. 127 Let me haue Claudios head sent me by fiue. 1737Pope Hor. Epist. ii. i. 162 A sober Englishman would knock His servants up, and rise by five o'clock. 1842Tennyson Will Waterproof i, How goes the time? 'Tis five o'clock.
3. Coupled with a higher cardinal or ordinal numeral following, so as to form a compound (cardinal or ordinal) numeral.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1131 (Gr.) Wintra hafde fif and hund-teontiᵹ. a1225Leg. Kath. 2530, I Nouembris moneð þe fif & twentuðe dai. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 3 Fyue and þritti schiren heo maden in Engelonde. 1535Coverdale Josh. xiv. 10 This daie am I fyue and foure score yeare olde. 1579Fulke Heskins' Parl. 382 The fiue and twentieth Chapter proceedeth vpon the same text. 1610Shakes. Temp. iii. ii. 16, I swam ere I could recouer the shore, fiue and thirtie Leagues off and on. 1786Burns Cry to Scotch Represent. xxiv, Now, ye chosen Five-and-Forty, May still your mither's heart support ye.
4. = fifth 1 and 2.
c1550R. Wever Lusty Juventus in Hazl. Dodsley II. 94 Read the Five to the Galatians. 1660H. Bloome Archit. B, The five part of one such part.
B. as n.
1. The abstract number five.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxviii. (1495) 922 One done to foure makyth the seconde odde nombre, that is the nombre of fiue and hyghte Quinarius. 1876Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §62 note, We say ‘twice five is ten’.
2. A set of five things.
a. Cards and Dominos. A card or domino marked with five pips.
1674Cotton Gamester vi. 80 The Deuces, Treys, Fours, and Fives. 1870Hardy & Ware Mod Hoyle 81 Suppose your hand consists of a four, five, and six of spades. Ibid. 95 The next player then plays 5/5 to the single five.
b. Cricket. A hit for which five runs are scored.
1859All Year Round No. 13. 306 The loose balls we hit for fours and fives.
3. pl.
†a. = five cards; see C 2.
1674Cotton Gamester 150 All-fours is play'd in Kent, and Fives in Ireland.
b. The five fingers; also, bunch of fives: the fist, the hand; to use (one's) fives: to fight with (one's) fists. a fives (slang): a street fight (Farmer).
1825C. M. Westmacott Eng. Spy I. 290 With their bunch of fives. 1837Dickens Pickw. ii, Smart chap that cabman—handled his fives well. 1863Reade Hard Cash xxxiv, Now look at that bunch of fives.
c. (See fives2.)
4.
†a. pl. Five-penny nails.
b. pl. Gloves, shoes, etc., of the fifth size.
c. Short for five-pound note.
d. pl. Short for five-per-cents.
e. Short for five minutes, a five-minute break, in phr. to take five: see take v. 52 c.
a.1629MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp. Canterb., For one hundred of fiues and one hundred of sixes, xjd.
b.16..Description of Love (1629) I loued a Lasse, Her wast exceeding small, The fiues did fit her shooe. Mod. What size gloves does she take? Fives.
c.1837Dickens Pickw. ii, Want change for a five. 1860F. W. Robinson Grandmother's Money II. iv. iii. 290 I'll bet ten to one in fives upon it.
d.1848Thackeray Van. Fair xx, Look..what the French fives were when I bought for the account.
C. Comb.
1. a. Combined with ns., forming adjs., as five-act, five-bar, five-card, five-day, five-guinea, five-minute, five-pound, five-power, five-storey, five-wheel, five-year-old.
1773J. Hoadly Let. in Corr. Garrick (1831) I. 506, I have not yet had a sight of Dr. G—'s *five-act farce.
1882L. Tennyson in Daily News 10 Oct. (1892) 2/2 The contrast of action that can be provided in a busy five-act tragedy full of incident.
1709Steele Tatler No. 37 ⁋2 [She] moves as if she were on her Nag, and going to take a *Five-Bar Gate. 1823Byron Juan viii. lv, So was his blood stirr'd..As is the hunter's at the five-bar gate.
1870Hardy & Ware Mod. Hoyle 81 No hand in *five-card cribbage can be made to count so many.
1850Mrs. Browning Poems I. 256 God's *five-day work he would accept.
1706Lond. Gaz. No. 4208/3 A Purse, with 3 *Five-Guinea Pieces.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 224 *Five minute repeaters give after the hour the number of five minutes past it.
1691Lond. Gaz. No. 2626/4, 100l. in Old Gold and *Five Pound Pieces. 1806T. S. Surr Winter in Lond. III. 255, I have inclosed you a five pound bank note. 1887Roy. Proclam. in Standard 18 May 3/2 Every Five pound Piece should have..our effigy.
1945W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 151 A *five-Power conference bringing in Russia and China.
1679Exec. Bury 6 Four *Five-shilling pieces they will afford for Fifteen shillings good Money. 1870Ramsay Remin. vi. (ed. 18) 202 He dropped..a five-shilling-piece.
1769St. James' Chron. 10–11 Aug. 3/4 *Five-year-olds 9 st. 1892Daily News 26 Feb. 5/7 Taylor saw Robinson pick up a five-year-old girl.
b. In parasynthetic adjs. with suffix -ed2, as five-barred, five-beaded, five-cornered, five-foiled, five-lobed, five-pointed, five-rayed, five-toed, five-toothed.
1733Swift On Poetry 15 A founder'd horse will oft debate Before he tries a *five-barr'd gate. 1820Clare Rural Life (ed. 3) 177 The five-barr'd gate with ease they leap.
1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 186 The tender pink *five-beaded baby-soles.
1483Cath. Angl. 132/2 *Fyve cornerd, pentagonum. 1658Sir T. Browne Gard. Cyrus iii, The circular branches of the Oak..five-cornered in the tender annual sprouts.
1860Ruskin Mod. Paint. V. vi. vii. §13 The *five-foiled star.
1823Crabb Techn. Dict., *Five-lobed, quinquelobatus.
1777Pennant Zool. IV. 54 Asterias [Beaded]..smooth above the aperture: below *five-pointed.
1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 435 The..*five-rayed star-fish.
1854Owen in Circ. Sc. (c 1865) II. 82/1 The *five-toed or pentadactyle structure.
1877–84F. E. Hulme Wild Fl. p. vii, Calyx tubulate, *five-toothed.
c. In parasynthetic ns. with suffix -er1 (chiefly colloq.), denoting individuals of a certain rank or size, as five-boater, five-master, five-rater.
1887Pall Mall G. 25 July 2/1 The iron-sheathed five-masters the Agincourt and the Minotaur. 1889Century Dict., Five-boater, a whaling-vessel carrying five boats; a large whaler. 1892Daily News 24 May 2/6 The new Gosport five-rater.
d. Comb. in advbl. sense (= in five parts) with pa. pples., imitating scientific L. words with quinque- or quinqui-.
1823Crabb Techn. Dict., Five-cleft, quinquefidus. Ibid. Five-parted, quinquepartitus.
2. Special comb., as five-acre, a piece of land consisting of five acres; five-and-ten (cent store) N. Amer., a store where all the articles were orig. priced at either five or ten cents; also colloq., five-and-dime store; † five-cards (see quot.); five-corner(s (Austral.), the fruit of Styphelia triflora, or the plant itself; five-day week, a working week of five days; † five-double a., (a) five-fold; (b) consisting of five twice over; also adv.; five-eighth Rugby Union and Rugby League Football (N.Z. and Austral.), one of two players stationed between the scrum-half and the centre three-quarter; five-figure a., (a) evaluated to or containing tabular entries of five significant figures or five decimal places; (b) worth ten thousand pounds or more; † five-foot = five-finger 2; five hundred orig. U.S., a variety of euchre in which five hundred points constitute a game (Webster Addenda 1918); five-lined a., consisting of or marked with five lines, esp. of a parliamentary ‘whip’ with five underlinings to denote urgency; five-maled a., nonce-wd. having five male organs or stamens, pentandrous; Five-mile Act, an act passed in 1665 forbidding Non-conformist teachers who refused to take the non-resistance oath, to come within five miles of any town, etc.; Five Nations [nation n.1 5 d], five confederated North American Indian peoples collectively known as the Iroquois; later joined by the Tuscaroras to become the Six Nations (six a. 1 d); five-nine, a type of shell used by the German forces in the 1914–18 war; a gun that fires such a shell; five percenter U.S., an agent who, in return for a percentage fee, assists businessmen to obtain Government contracts, etc.; five-per-cents., stock or shares paying five per cent. interest on their nominal value; † five-piece, a five-pound piece; five-score, rarely used for ‘a hundred’ (Shakes.); five-shooter, a five-chambered revolver; so five-shot a., having five cartridge chambers; five-spot U.S. slang, (a) a five-dollar note; (b) a playing-card having five pips; five-star adj., (a) applied to a hotel classified as first-class and designated by five asterisks; also transf. and fig.; (b) U.S., applied to a general or admiral whose badge of rank includes five stars; five stones = chucks s.v. chuck n.3 5; five-stroke (Billiards), a stroke by which five points are scored; five-to-two Rhyming slang, a Jew; five-yearly a., celebrated every five years, quinquennial; five-year plan, a scheme for the economic development of the U.S.S.R. over a period of five years, inaugurated in 1928; later of other countries and repeated in the U.S.S.R. Also, five-o'clock (see A. 2 b), used attrib. in five o'clock shadow (see quot. 1937), five-o'clock tea (colloq. shortened a five o'clock).
1863Tennyson Grandfather xx, Harry is in the *five-acre.
1880in Sat. Even. Post (1940) 10 Feb. 23/3 Woolworth Bros. *5 & 10 Cent Store. 1907‘O. Henry’ Trimmed Lamp 115 Did you ever notice me..peering in the window of the five-and-ten? 1922L. Mumford in H. Stearns Civilization in U.S. 9 In the five and ten cent store it is possible for the circumscribed factory operative to obtain the illusion of unmoderated expenditure. 1924Antiques May 229/2 Of course, we are all familiar with the ordinary pink, white and baby blue celluloid thimble of the present-day five-and-ten-cent store! 1934J. T. Farrell Young Manhood in Studs Lonigan (1936) i. 160 A small American flag which he'd copped from the nearby five-and-dime store. 1945S. Lewis Cass Timberlane (1946) xxv. 166 The lone goldfish in a bowl which she sheepishly brought home from the Five and Ten.
1674Cotton Gamester 123 *Five Cards is an Irish game..There are but two can play at it, and there are dealt five cards apiece.
1826J. Atkinson Agric. & Grazing N.S.W. 19 The native cherry, *five corners, jibbong, and others, are merely tasteless berries. 1888Boldrewood Robbery under Arms xxxiii, You won't turn a five-corner into a quince..dig and water as you like.
1926Sat. Rev. 2 Oct. 367/2 Mr. Ford has inaugurated a *five-day working week... The five-day week cannot be isolated from the whole Ford policy. 1930N.Y. Times 5 Dec. 3/2 The universal adoption of the five-day week by American industry would have the..effect of returning to employment all..now out of work. 1935Discovery Aug. 221/1 The five-day week has already arrived, the four-day week will come and there will be increasing leisure to be employed.
1552Huloet, *Ffyue double, quincuplex. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 1103 O fair, five-double Round. 15942nd Report Dr. Faustus xxviii in Thoms Prose Rom. (1828) III. 103 Every archer being five double furnished.
1905Westm. Gaz. 5 Oct. 10/2 Their three three-quarters and two ‘*five-eighths’ gave them..a three-quarter line of five men. 1906Gallaher & Stead Complete Rugby Footballer 76 During very many matches of the British tour, one of the present writers (Stead) played five-eighth to Roberts. 1927Daily Tel. 27 Sept. 14/1, I place no value at all on the fact that they indulged in five-eighths, and multiplied the number of potential attackers immediately in rear of the scrummage. 1958Times 22 Oct. 14/3 He has played for Australia against New Zealand in the stead of no less a five-eighth than A. Summons. 1969Australian 24 May 36/4 The class of Balmain five-eighth, Dave Bolton, should be the deciding factor in the backs. 1969Sydney Morning Herald 24 May 28/2 The move of captain Terry Rigney from full-back to five-eighth several weeks ago was one of the trumpets that heralded Gordon's renewed vigour.
1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 499/1 Lalande, ‘Tables de Logarithmes’... *Five-figure tables throughout, and no mistake has ever been found in them. Ibid. 499/2 ‘Tables for Nautical Men.’ Contains five-figure logarithms, neatly printed. 1861Knight Eng. Cycl., Arts & Sci. VII. 1006 The necessity of dispensing with printed differences is alone almost fatal to the attempt at giving five-figure logarithms on one sheet. Ibid. 1007 The first British five-figure table..which gives Gauss's table. 1929Hall & Rideal (title) Cambridge Five-Figure Tables. 1948C. Attwood Pract. Five-Figure Math. Tables p. iv, Mean proportional parts have been provided for five-figure values of cubes or areas of circles. 1971E. Lemarchand Death on Doomsday vi. 85 They've got some pictures... One or two in the five-figure class at present values.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), *Five-foot [printed foor] or Star-fish.
1659Torriano, Stellione, the star-fish, or *five-foot-fish.
1920S. Lewis Main Street 195 What do you say we go down to Jack Elder's and have a game of *five hundred? 1936‘R. Hyde’ Passport to Hell 118 ‘Five hundred’ and louse-catching were the major sports of Gallipoli. 1959Sunday Times 22 Feb. 16/4 Five Hundred..never had much success in this country.
1787Sir J. Hawkins Johnson 418 Roubiliac called for paper, and scored thereon a few *five-lined staves. 1884L'pool Mercury 18 Feb. 5/6 The following five-lined whip..has been issued to members.
a1794Sir W. Jones Tales (1807) 171 This *five-mal'd single-femal'd flow'r.
1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. Wks. (Grosart) III. 224, I thought he deserved to be within the ‘*five-mile Act’, and not to come within that distance of any corporation. 1689Apol. Failures Walker's Accus. 24 Five-mile-Acts.
1684L. A. Lahontan Let. 18 June in New Voy. N. Amer. (1703) I. 58 [It was a] pipe of the *five nations. 1688Pennsylv. Arch. (1852) 1st Ser. I. 104 The five Nations or Cantons of Indians. 1713Col. Rec. N. Carolina II. 24 To fly to the Indians and hire them to be mediators of a peace..would be derogatory to Her Majesty's honor, and might encourage the five nations to set Indians against Her Majesty's subjects. 1789Deb. Congr. U.S. 25 May (1834) 41 Resolved. That the Superintendent of Indian Affairs..inform the Five Nations, the Hurons, and other Indian nations,..that Congress..received their said representation. 1852J. Reynolds Pioneer Hist. Illinois 35 The bitter hostility of the Iroquois or Five Nations to the French. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 454/1 (New York) Forming permanent settlements about the headwaters of the streams which gave them passage to the heart of the country, they organized the political league or confederacy known as the Five Nations. 1959Chambers's Encycl. VII. 754/1 Iroquois was the name of a great confederation of North American tribes, formed about 1570... At first called the ‘Five Nations’ (Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca), they became the ‘Six Nations’ of the ‘Long House’ when the Tuscarora joined them in 1715.
a1918W. Owen Poems (1963) 55 Deaf even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped *Five-Nines that dropped behind. 1930Blunden Summer's Fancy 49 The five-nines drop like hail. 1960J. Betjeman Summoned by Bells iii. 27 When Poperinghe and Zillebeke and Mons Boomed with five-nines.
1869L. M. Alcott Little Women II. x. 143 Mrs. Kirk asked me if I wouldn't go down to the *five-o'clock dinner. 1872Ld. Shaftesbury in Hodder Life (1886) III. 307 Five o'clock tea, that pernicious, unprincipled and stomach-ruining habit. 1882Worc. Exhib. Catal. iii. 4 Five o'clock tea sets in fine porcelain. 1886Punch 16 Jan. 36/2 Ladies invite their friends to ‘a five-o'clock’. 1960O. Manning Great Fortune ii. x. 115 The café..was crowded for the ‘five-o'clock’, which here [sc. in Bucharest] meant coffee or chocolate, and cakes. 1937Time 11 Oct. 33/1 (Advt.), ‘*5 o'clock Shadow’—that unsightly beard growth which appears prematurely at about 5 P.M., looks bad. 1969New Yorker 6 Sept. 115/1 Mr. Nixon, however, was given a deep five-o'clock shadow by the Rumanian artist.
1949Life 24 Oct. 97/2 Be unswervingly loyal to all his party friends, even if they turn into *five-percenters.
1667Pepys Diary 21 Sept., This day also came out first the new *five-pieces in gold, coined by the Guiny Company.
1848Gem of Prairie (Chicago) 30 Sept. 6/2 These desperadoes are..well armed with the formidable ‘*five-shooter’. c1900R. L. Hale Log of Forty-Niner 92, I had seen in his belt a bowie, and a five shooter.
1897Westm. Gaz. 30 Nov. 4/3 The Mouzin *five-shot magazine rifle of 3 in.
1903R. L. McCardell Conversat. Chorus Girl 42 Della's had a bunch of Broadway blooms that must have cost him a *five spot. 1913C. E. Mulford Coming of Cassidy vii. 118 As the Queen slid off a five-spot showed. 1936J. Dos Passos Big Money 78 They went into a hotel..to have a little supper and that just about cleaned his last fivespot.
1913Autocar Handbk. (ed. 5) xxiii. 297 The Association has classified on a ‘*five star’ basis a very large number of British hotels. 1949Manch. Guardian Weekly 20 Oct. 15/3 Fleet Admiral William Halsey, the only five-star officer who will be called. 1951I. Shaw Troubled Air xxii. 380 It doesn't make any difference..whether a five-star general or an ambassador to England sat next to you. 1953P. Frankau Winged Horse iv. iii. 261 We always celebrate the moment..with a five-star quarrel. 1959Times 10 June 12/6 An island where a five-star hotel caters for people who like deep-sea fishing. 1970New Scientist 2 Apr. 5/2 Oysters, salmon and other five-star seafood.
1900in Eng. Dial. Dict. II. 373/2 They are lakin' [= playing] at *fahv steeans. 1916Banffshire Jrnl. 25 Apr. 3/3 Recollections. School Life in 1857... Early arrival was common..and the time left available was spent in the resting game of ‘Five Stanes’. 1948H. M. Gunn Silver Bough xix. 144 ‘What's five-stones?’ ‘Och, just a lassie's game!’ 1985Sunday Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 1 Sept. 12/2 He could shoot a marble farther than I could, but I always won the game of five stones (for which, surely, greater skill is needed).
1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxii, ‘How well he made that *five stroke, eh?’
1914*Five-to-two [see big-mouthed s.v. big a. B. 2]. 1932P. P. Rhyming Slang 21 Five to two, Jew. 1941G. Kersh They die with their Boots Clean i. 40 A Five is a Five-to-Two, or Jew. 1948E. Waugh Loved One 7 They respect us. Your five-to-two is a judge of quality.
1618Bolton Florus ii. vii. (1636) 114 This proclamation was made..at the Quinquennal, or *five-yeerely playes.
1929Times 9 July 15/3 Soviet Industries. Failure of *Five-Year Plan. Ibid., A special conference to consider how far Soviet organizations have succeeded during the past eight months in carrying out the five-year economic plan. 1932Ann. Reg. 1931 ii. 220 The Cabinet [of Romania]..drew up a ‘five-year plan’ for agriculture. 1938Time 10 Jan. 20/1 The second Five-Year Plan ended last week, and the Soviet Union entered 1938 by starting on a third. 1969N. W. Pirie Food Resources i. 36 The Indian Government is sometimes condemned because the fourth Five Year Plan..envisages only a 1 per cent increase.
▪ II. † five, v. Obs.
[f. prec.]
a. In the game of Five-cards: to five it (see quot.).
b. trans. (nonce-use.) To count by fives.
1674Cotton Gamester xiii. 123 Before you play, ask whether he will five it, if he speaks affirmatively turn up the next Card of the Pack under that first turn'd up, and that must be trumps; if not play it out. 1769R. Wood Ess. Homer, Lang. & Learning, When therefore I say that he fived them I take the liberty of coining a word..corresponding precisely with the old Greek term [πεµπάσσεται]. |