| 释义 |
▪ I. affray, v. Obs. or arch.|əˈfreɪ|
Forms: 4 afrai, afrey, 4–7 afray(e, affraye, 4– affray. pa. tense 4 afrayed, affraied, 6 affraide, afraid. pa. pple.: see afraid. Also aphetic fray.
[a. Anglo-Fr. afraye-r, effraye-r, early OFr. effreer, esfreer, 1 sing. pres. esfrei, (Pr. esfredar):—late L. ex-fridāre; f. ex out of + late L. fridus, fridum, ad. Teut. friðu (OHG. fridu, OSax. friðu, OE. frið, ON. friðr) peace. The pa. pple. affrayed, ‘alarmed,’ acquired the meaning of ‘in a state of fear,’ and has since the 16th c. been treated as a distinct word: see afraid.]
1. To disturb, or startle, from sleep or quiet, as a sudden noise does; passing into the sense of alarm, as the effect of such startling. arch.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1780 Afrayed þay no freke..& to þe palays pryncipal þay aproched ful stylle. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 296 Smale foules a great hepe That had afrayed [v.r. affrayed, afraied] me out of my slepe. 1393Gower Conf. III. 371, I was out of my swoune affraid. c1450Lonelich Grail xxv. 227 And wondirly sore afrayed ȝhe was Of his noise sche herde in that plas. 1563B. Googe Eglogs vi. (Arb.) 55 Than rest and slepe I straightway sought No Dreames dyd me afraye. 1820Keats St. Agnes xxix. The kettle-drum, and far-heard clarionet Affray his ears.
†b. To disturb with hostilities; to attack with an armed force. Obs. rare.
1467Marg. Paston in Lett. 576 II. 308 Ye wote wele that I have ben affrayd ther befor this tyme.
By imperceptible gradations the idea of alarm passed into that of
2. To frighten, to affect with fear; especially in the passive voice to be affrayed or afraid. arch.
c1314Guy Warw. 57 Now goth Gii sore desmaid, His woundes him han iuel afreyd. c1315Shoreham 158 For of thet he hadde her y-do He was affrayde. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 399 Nedelees, god woot, he thoghte hire for t' affraye [MS. Heng. t'afraye]. 1456Past. Lett. 277 I. 380, I have somwhat affrayed them, and made hem spend mony. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. ccxxix. 307 The whiche so affrayed them, that they had no lust to go thyder. 1637Gillespie Eng.-Pop. Cerem. ii. i. 6 If Papists..were so affrayed of Conformists. 1763–5Churchill Duellist i. Poems II. 7 Bid Terror, posting on the wind, Affray the spirits of mankind. 1875B. Taylor Faust xxv. I. 212 Nay, sheathe thy sword at last! Do not affray me!
†3. intr. (refl.) To be afraid, to fear. (Fr. s'effrayer.) Obs.
c1440Partonope 845 She gan affray of this sodeyn caas.
4. To scare, to startle or alarm into running away, to frighten away. arch. Cf. fray.
1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 205 [Thai] dang on thame so hardely, That all thair fayis afrayit war. c1400Destr. Troy vii. 3200 Þai affrayet the folke fuersly by dene, Sesit and slogh, slongen to ground. 1549Compl. Scotl. vii. 70 Beand al affrayit ande fleyit for dreddour of his lyue. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. v. 33 Since arme from arme that voyce doth vs affray. a1610Babington Wks. 32 To prick vs to the good and to afray vs from the euill. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 80 And with a din Affray the birds.
▪ II. affray
used for defray.
1584Lodge Alarum agst. Vsurers (1853) 48 Not having friends to releeve them, or money to affray their charges.
▪ III. affray, n.|əˈfreɪ|
Forms: 4–5 afray(e, 4–6 affraye, (4 affroi, 5 enfray), 4– affray. Also aphet. fray.
[a. OFr. effrei, esfrei, f. esfre-er: see affray v. The form enfray is an erroneous expansion after the apparent analogy of en-combre, a-combre, etc.]
†1. The act of suddenly disturbing some one who is at rest; an attack, an assault. Obs.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 176 In mirke withouten sight wille enmys mak affray. c1360Yesterday in E.E.P. (1862) 137 Þin enemy woltou · not forȝete · But ay be aferd · of his affray. c1400Destr. Troy xi. 4746 In diffens of þe folke þat affroi made. 1509Parlyament of Deuylles xxvi, [He] strongly withstandeth myn affray. 1583Stanyhurst Aeneis xi. (1880) 43 Learne our fatal auentures, Thee toyls of Troians, and last infortunat affray.
†2. The state produced by sudden disturbance or attack; alarm; fright, terror. Obs.
1303R. Brunne Handlyng Synne 1820 Betwyxe þo twey partys þe dragun lay Gresly to se wyþ grete affray. 1330― Chron. 34 Northumberland was in affray for Edred comyng. c1450Lonelich Grail xxv. 174 Was to hem a gret afray, Whanne they syen here Lord þere ded. 1523Ld. Berners Froissart I. ccxv. 271 Wherof the pope and cardynalles were in great affray and drede. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 12 Who full of gastly fright and cold affray Gan shut the dore.
†3. A disturbance, a noisy or tumultuous outburst; especially one caused by fighting, a fray. Obs.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 66 Now is Edward dede þe soner for þo affrayes. c1420Pallad. On Husb. x. 186 And boile it so, not with to greet affray. c1450Lonelich Graal II. 306 Piers awook there that he lay, so astoned he was of that afray. c1460Towneley Myst. 179 Let no man wyt where that we war, For ferdnes of a fowlle enfray. 1513Douglas æneis vi. xv. 28 Thys wourthy knycht the commen wele Romane In grete affray perturbit to rest agane And quiet sall restore. 1789Mrs. Piozzi France & It. I. 216 The people are..little disposed to public affrays. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. xiv, So swept the tumult and affray.
4. esp. A breach of the peace, caused by fighting or riot in a public place.
1482Caxton Chron. Eng. cclii. 323 Also this yere was a grete affraye in fleetstrete by nyȝtes tyme bitwene men of court and men of london. 1552Huloet Abcedarium, Affraye betwene two men, Monomachia, Pugna. 1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 331, I reade not of any that was slaine in the affraye. 1691Blount Law Dict. s.v., An Assault is only a wrong to the party; an Affray is a common wrong. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 352 The suppressing of riots and affrays. 1823Scott Peveril I. vii. 127, I trust you have had no hurt in this mad affray? |