| 释义 |
pomace|ˈpʌməs|
Forms: 6 pomes, pomois, 7– pomace; also 7 pumis, 8–9 pom(m)ice, pummice, pummace. See also pommey.
[A derivative of L. pōmum or F. pomme apple: the form pomace, if original, appears to correspond to med.L. pōmācium, pōmātium cider (? for L. *pomāceum); but the sense makes a difficulty, as do also the variant forms.
Cf. also OF. pomat (Godef.), in mod. patois of Yères (near Havre) poma ‘la masse de pommes, après que le pressoir a exprimé le jus’: thus exactly = Eng. pomace.]
1. The mass of crushed apples in the process of making cider:
a. after the juice is pressed out;
b. before the juice is pressed out.
a.1572L. Mascall Plant. & Graff. 6 Though the Pepins be sowen of the pomes of Peares and good Apples. 1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. Dec. (1729) 225 Sow, as yet, Pomace of Cider-Pressings to raise Nurseries. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 133 Scalding water wherein you may boyl apple-pumis. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. Dict., Pomace, is the mash which remains of pressed Apples, after the Sider is made, used for producing of Seedling Stocks in Nursery-Gardens. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 5 If you sow Apple or Crab Kernels, sow the Pummace with them, which will come up the first Year. 1884T. Hardy Wessex Tales, Interlopers at Knap (1889) 157 Where the..dunghills smell of pomace instead of stable-refuse. 1897Evesham Jrnl. 16 Jan., The pomice or must after cider abstraction.
b.1764Croker, etc. Dict. Arts, etc. s.v. Cyder, The apples are then ground, and the pummice is received in a large open-mouthed vessel. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Pummace, the mass of apples mashed under a stone roller before they are placed between layers of straw or the cyder⁓press. 1886[see pommey].
2. transf.
a. Anything crushed or pounded to a pulp.
b. Any solid refuse whence oil has been expressed or extracted; e.g. the refuse of the menhaden and other fish after the oil has been extracted, formerly known as fish-guano, fish-cake, pogy-chum; also (more fully castor pomace), the cake left after expressing castor oil from the beans; both used as fertilizers.
a.1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. vi. 101 Then put they the fisshe into the hollowes of the rocques, and beate it to pomois. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. ii. i. 13 Thus we poor frail Mortals (like Corn between two great contrary Mill-stones) are bruised to Pommice. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Madder, These roots are cut..and pounded in mortars..till they are reduced into a kind of pummice.
b.1861Agric. Maine VI. 44 The residuum left after expressing the oil, that is the cake, pumice, or as commonly called, the chum, which contains nearly the whole fertilizing portions of the fish. 1864Ibid. IX. 43 Fish pomace, or the residuum of herring after the oil is pressed out, is greedily eaten by sheep, swine and fowl. 1898U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries XXII. 479 The ‘fish cuttings’ and refuse fish which accumulate at the canneries are made into pomace and sold for fertilizer.
1877Rep. Connecticut Board of Agric. (1878) 395 In some [fertilizers], castor pomace, leather scraps, and other cheaper materials are used. 1878Ann. Rep. Connecticut Agric. Exper. Station (1879) 38 Castor Pomace,..the crushed seeds of the castor-oil plant after the extraction of the oil—is a long-known and well-tested fertilizer. 1895Yearbk. U.S. Depmt. Agric. (1896) 192 Castor-oil plants... The pomace is considered valuable for fertilizing purposes.
†3. The head, heart, lights, liver, and windpipe of a sheep or lamb. Obs.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. iii. 83/2 Pomass of a sheep, is all the Intrals. Ibid. 88/1 Sheep Pummices is the Head, Heart, Lights, Liver, and Wind-Pipe of a Sheep all hanging together. 1750E. Smith Compl. Housew. (ed. 14) 66 To hash a Lamb's Pumice.
4. Comb., as pomace-fly = drosophila; pomace-shovel, a shovel used for pomace (in sense 1).
1886T. Hardy Woodlanders xxviii, The blades of the pomace-shovels, which had been converted to steel mirrors by the action of the malic acid. 1897J. H. Comstock Insect Life 185 As these insects are often abundant about pomace in cider-mills and wineries, they have been termed pomace-flies. 1924J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xxvii. 152 When the pomace-fly, Drosophila, is feeding on fermenting fruit, it must have yeasts to help it. 1946C. T. Brues Insect Dietary v. 194 The pomace fly, Drosophila, so successfully used by geneticists to elucidate the processes of inheritance, has likewise served..to demonstrate some of the food relations of microphagous insects. |