| 释义 |
▪ I. † tirve, v.1 Obs.
Forms: 4–6 tirue, tyrue (= -ve), 4 turue (= -ve), (5 terve), 6 tirve, tyrff.
[Not in OE.; known from 1300. Identical in meaning with tirr v. (which seems to be a reduced form of the same word), and tirl v.2 App. distinct in sense from next; but, formally, *tyrfan and *tierfan might both be derived from different grades of a verbal ablaut series *terƀ-, tarƀ-, turƀ-.
It has also been suggested to represent an OE. *tyrfan, deriv. of turf, turf, to have originally meant ‘to strip the turf off the ground’, and to have been extended to stripping the turf or thatch off roofs, the clothes off persons, and the hides off beasts. This is plausible, but is not favoured by the chronology of the senses.]
1. trans. To roll or pull back, or pluck off (the covering, clothes, skin, etc. from a person or animal); to strip off (clothes, armour; the thatch, slates, or roof of a house, stack, etc.).
c1300Havelok (1902) 603 [They] sone..funden, Als he [= they] tirueden of [= off] his serk On his rith shuldre a kyne merk. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 630 He [Abraham] cached to his cobhous & a calf bryngez..bed tyrue of þe hyde. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1921 Syþen þay tan raynarde & tyruen of his cote. a1400–50Alexander 4114 Tuke out þe tuskis & þe tethe & teruen of þe skinnes. 1513Douglas æneis v. v. 32 A habirgeoun..Quhilk he,..with his strang handis two, Tirvit and rent of bald Demoleo.
b. To strip (a person) of his clothes, etc., (an animal) of its skin, (a house) of its roof; to strip naked or bare; to unroof.
[c1300Havelok 918 Ful wel kan ich cleuen shides, Eles to-turuen of here hides.] c1386Chaucer Can. Yeom. Prol. & T. 721 (Ellesm.) The deuel out of his skyn Hym terve [other MSS. torne, turne] I pray to god. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxii. 23 Of his claithis thai tirvit him bair. Ibid. 33 In tene, thai tirvit him agane, And till ane pillar thai him band. 1533Bellenden Livy v. xi. (S.T.S.) II. 187 He gart tirve [v.r. tyrff] þis maister nakit of al his clothis. 1590–1Reg. Privy Council Scot. IV. 587 The said Naper..and others..come and tirvit the said complenaris houssis, and tuke of the rigging and thak thairof.
▪ II. † tirve, terve, v.2 Obs.
Forms: 5 tirue(-ve), tyrve, -we, 5–6 terue (-ve), (9 tirvie).
[Known c 1330 in the comp. over-terve: app. representing an OE. *tierfan = OLG. *tęrƀan, OHG. zęrben,:—*zarƀjan, refl. to turn, turn over or about: cf. OE. tearflian to roll over and over, wallow. If this is right, the better form is terve. (Texts of MSS. printed before 1900 have usually n for u (= v), the word being taken as a variant of turn.)]
1. intr. To turn; esp. to turn upside down, topple over, fall down; also fig. to turn to some course or action.
c1400Destr. Troy 430 Erthe dymmed by dene, ded men Roose, The gret tempull top terued to ground. c1425Disp. Mary & Cross xxxvii. in Leg. Rood 207 (MS. Roy.) Truyt and treget to helle schal terve. c1440Psalmi Penitent. (1894) 45 To trecherie schulde we noght terve [rime kerve]. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. v. I v b, Ioues ymage..made with crooked welked hornes that inward still doe terue [rime serue]. [1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 206 He made him tirvie down and tapple Head-foremost wi' a bang.]
2. trans. To turn; esp. to overturn, overthrow; also fig.
c1400Destr. Troy 1512 How his towne was taken and tiruyt to grounde. Ibid. 4763 The grete toures þai toke, tiruyt the pepull. Ibid. 10197 To take you with tene & tirue you to ground. c1420Brut 378 Our stakez made hem top ouyr terve, eche on oþer, þat þay lay on hepis. c1422Hoccleve Min. Poems xxiv. 573 Shee That had him terued with false deceitis.
b. To turn to some course or to do something.
c1400Destr. Troy 2943 Throgh whiche treason betydes, & teruys vmqwhile Bolde men to batell and biker with hond.
c. To turn over, up, or down (the edge or hem of a garment). (Cf. tarf, turf n.2)
1482Caxton Contin. Higden's Polycron. viii. xiii, The yemanry hadde theyr hosen teruen [? terued] or bounden bynethe the knee hauynge longe jackys.
Hence † tirving vbl. n., turning; concr. a border turned back or up.
c1400Promp. Parv. 494/2 Tyrf, or tyrvynge [v.r. tyrwynge] vp on an hoode or sleue. |