| 释义 |
timocracy|taɪˈmɒkrəsɪ|
Also 6 -cratie.
[a. OF. tymocracie (Oresme 14th c.), mod.F. timocratie, ad. med.L. tīmocratia (in 13th c. transl. Aristotle), a. Gr. τῑµοκρατία, used by Plato and by Aristotle in two distinct senses, f. τῑµή (a) honour, (b) value or valuation + -κρατία: see -cracy. The Aristotelian, the later sense in Greek, was the first to appear in Eng. literature.]
1. In the Aristotelian sense: A polity with a property qualification for the ruling class.
1586T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1589) 548 The third kind of a good and right common-wealth is of a Greeke word called Timocratie, which we may cal the power of meane or indifferent wealth. 1594Mirr. Policy (1599) D iij, Between the two kinds of a depraved Commonweale, to wit, Oligarchie and Democratie, this Commonweale Timocratie is founded. a1647Sir R. Filmer Observ. Aristotle's Pol. (1652) 6 Of all the right kindes of Government Monarchy was the best, and a Timocratie the worst. 1818T. Taylor Aristotle's Rhet., etc. II. 311 The polities indeed are, a kingdom, an aristocracy, and the third is derived from the distribution of honours through the medium of wealth, which as it seems may be appropriately called a timocracy. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. x. 408 The scale of the timocracy was gradually lowered, until it was wholly abolished. 1847Grote Greece ii. xi. III. 159 Such were the divisions in the political scale established by Solon, called by Aristotle a Timocracy, in which the rights, honours, functions and liabilities of the citizens were measured out according to the assessed property of each.
2. In the Platonic sense: A polity (like that of Sparta) in which love of honour is said to be the dominant motive with the rulers.
1656Stanley Hist. Philos. v. (1701) 195 Of a Common⁓wealth he asserteth five kinds, the first, Aristocracy, when the best Rule; the second, Timocracy, when the Ambitious; the third, Democracy, when the People; the fourth, Olygarchy, when a few; the last, Tyranny, which is the worst of all. 1845Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. II. 620/1 The fraternal type of equality will be preserved in all friendships under a timocracy. 1852Davies & Vaughan tr. Plato's Rep. (1858) 307 We will begin on the present occasion by examining the ambitious constitution—(I do not know of any other name in use; we must call it Timocracy or Timarchy). 1871Morley Crit. Misc. Ser. i. 333 A timocracy in which the energetic ambitious and military type will become dominant. |