| 释义 |
▪ I. tiding pl. tidings, n.|ˈtaɪdɪŋ|, |ˈtaɪdɪŋz|
Forms: see sense 2 below.
[Late OE. tídung f., early ME. tiding, as if f. OE. tíd-an vb. to happen, befall + -ing1; but prob. ad. ON. tíðendi, -indi neut. pl., ‘events, occurrences, the reports of these, news, tidings’, f. tíðr adj. happening, occurring + -endi, -indi, nominal suffix (see Vigfusson Icel. Dict. xxxiii/1); thence MSw. tidhende event, occurrence, news, Sw. tidender m. pl., Norw. and Da. tidende n. sing. tidings. In form, late OE. tídung (obl. cases *tídunge (-a), pl. nom. -a (-e), gen. -a, dat. -um) might well be a deriv. of tíd-an, tide v.1; but the fact that, beside it, early ME. had also tíðende, -inde, tīthend, clearly from Norse, also tīðing(e, with Norse stem and Eng. suffix, and tīdende, -inde, with Eng. stem and Norse suffix, together with the fact that the word is unknown to OE. before the late 11th or early 12th c., and is recorded first in the transferred sense ‘tidings’, makes it probable that the whole group in Eng. was adopted from ON., in the north in the Norse form, in the south anglicized, in intervening districts with various mixtures of the two forms. It is noticeable that the English or fully anglicized form is that which happens to occur earliest in an extant writing, and also that which survives in mod.Eng., though the Norse type (with Eng. pl. -s) tithand(e)s, tithans, came down to 15th c. in north. Eng. and to 16–17th c. in Sc.
In ON. tíðindi is only plural; so Sw. tidender; in Norw. and Da. tidende is sing.; in early ME. tiðende was sing. or pl., with a tendency to make the sing. tiðend; the anglicized tídung, -ing, normally had the pl. *tídunga, tidinge; but, as in other fem. ns., the -e of the oblique cases of the sing. was often taken by the nom. A single instance of pl. tiðenden occurs in the later text of Layamon; but from c 1275 the plurals became tidinges and tithand(e)s. The existing form tidings is usually construed as pl., but sometimes as sing.: cf. news. Ger. zeitung, MHG. zîtunge (1321 in Niederrheinisch) = MLG. tidinge (1458 in Bremen Doc.), Du. tijding, which agree in form with Eng. tiding, are of later appearance, and by some held to be due to Scandinavian influence (Kluge).]
1. Something that happens; an event, incident, occurrence. Obs. or arch.
(This is the etymologically earlier sense; though not exemplified in Eng. quite so early as sense 2, it was no doubt current in the Danelaw district from the first. In the two late quots. a literalism of translation.)
c1205Lay. 7543 Þa isæh Cesar tiðend þat him wes sær [c 1275 tidinge þat was sor]. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 628 How that this blisful tidyng [Petw. MS. tydyngges] is bifalle. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) v. vi. 411 In the delytes of paradyse is neuer founde ony varyacyon, alwayes in loue without tydynges. 1861G. W. Dasent Story of Burnt Njal I. 107 It must be told what tidings [Icel. hvat tíðenda] happened at home. 1864― Jest & Earnest (1873) II. 192 The tokens that are left of those tidings which happened there.
†b. Custom, usage. Obs. rare.
(Cf. ON. tíðr customary, habitual, that happens, tíðska custom, usage, fashion.)
c1205Lay. 396 After þen heðene tidende [c 1275 lawe] Þe wes in þan lande. Ibid. 2052 Seodðen com oþer tir & neowe tidinde. Ibid. 14325 Hit beoð tiðende [c 1275 þe wone] Inne Sæxe-londe..þat [etc.].
2. The announcement of an event or occurrence; a piece of news (now obs. or arch.); usually in pl. tidings, reports, news, intelligence, information.
(α) (1) sing. 1–2 tídung, 3–4 tidinge, (3 tidding), 3–6 tydinge, 3–7 tyding, 4–5 tid-, tydyng(e, (5 tytynge), 2– tiding.
1069–1125O.E. Chron. an. 995 (MS. F.), Ða wearþ se cing swyþe bliðe þissere tidunge. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2907 Moyses told hem ðis tidding. c1275Lay. 1376 Þe tiding com to Corineum, þat [etc.]. Ibid. 22323 Þe tyding com to þan kinge. 13..Cursor M. 5114 (Gött.) Þis tyding his soru slake. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1424 (Hypsipyle & Medea) Theere was swich tydyng [v.rr. tidynge, tiding] oueral & swich loos. 1390Gower Conf. II. 238 This tyding Of Jason. a1400R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 7979 (MS. B) Þer of com to normandie þe tydynge attelaste. Ibid. 9178 (MS. B) Tytynge him com Þat [etc.]. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1087 To me þis is a Ioyfull tydyng. 1620I. V. tr. P. du Moulin's Serm. 4 It is a blessed tyding of which Jesus Christ not only is the subject and substance, but also the bearer and proclaimer. 1879L. Shepherd tr. Guéranger's Liturg. Year I. vi. 68 At such a tiding as this, what else can I, than cry out,..Lord! I am not worthy.
(2) pl. 1 *tídunga(-e), 2–3 tid-, tydinge, tidynge, 3–4 tiding; 3–6 tid-, tydinges, -ynges, 4–6 -ingis, -yngys, -yngges, 5 tidenggez, 5–8 tydings, 6 tid-, tydyngs, Sc. -engs, 6– tidings.
c1200Vices & Virt. 17 Ic scal iheren reuliche tidinge. c1205Lay. 3601 Þe swein..seide þas tidinge [c 1275 þeos tiding]. c1275Ibid. 1038 Þeos tidinge him were loþe. Ibid. 8582 Þe tidinges him were lefue. Ibid. 24427 Many tidynge Mid Arthur þan kinge. c1350Will. Palerne 4877 Þe murþe..mad for þo tiding whan þei told were. 13..Cursor M. 7798 (Gött.) I cum, to telle þe tydinges lele. 1486Plumpton Corr. (Camden) 54 Sir, as for tydings, here is but few. 1535Coverdale Jonah iii. 6 The tydinges came vnto y⊇ kinge of Niniue. 1671Milton P.R. ii. 62 Her Son,..left at Jordan, tydings of him none. 1782Cowper Gilpin xlii, What news? what news? your tidings tell. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos I. ii. 13 Further tidings were anxiously awaited. 1869Freeman Norm. Conq. (1875) III. xiii. 260 Perplexed for a moment by the suddenness of the tidings.
(β) (1) sing. 3 tiðinge, (3 tiþingue), 4 teþinge, 4–5 tiþ-, tyþ-, tyth-, tith-, -ing, -yng(e, (6 teytheyng).
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 6/190 He seide þat one tiþingue to him fram is fader he brouȝte. c1305St. Lucy 155 in E.E.P. (1862) 105 A ioyful teþinge ic ȝou telle. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 14 Þat Brittrik was dede him com tiþing. 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 454 He wes blyþ off þat tithing. 1483Cath. Angl. 389/1 To telle Tythynge, rvmificare. 1596King & Barker 62 in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 7, Y know now teytheyng, the thanner seyde.
(2) pl. 2–3 tiðinge; 3–5 tiþ-, tithinges, 4 tethinges, 4–6 tyþ-, tyth-, tith-, -inges, -ynges, -yngus, -ingis, -ingys, 5 tithyngs, tythings, tithings.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 93 Ða iwearð þer muchel eie..on alle þam þat þeos tiðinge iherdon. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Gode tiðinge and murie to heren. c1290Beket 1493 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 149 Þo þeos tiþinges to þe kingue..cam. c1300Ibid. 695 (Percy S.) 34 Tethinges to the kinge come. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 198 Good tiþingis of þe kyngdom of hevene. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 119 When any tythings er herd in þe cuntree. c1440Partonope 2697 Sone after haue they tithings. 1530Rastell Bk. Purgat. Prol., What tythinges or news. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 49 To zow thir tythingis trew I bring.
(γ) (1) sing. 3 tiþennde (Orm.), tiðende, -end, -ind, 4–5 tythand(e, 4–6 tiþ-, tithand(e, (4 tyȝ-, tiȝand), 5 tiþond(e, (9 tithand).
c1200Ormin Ded. 158 Goddspell onn Ennglissh nemmnedd iss..god tiþennde. c1205Lay. 1376 Þa tiðind [c 1275 tiding] com to Corineum þat [etc.]. Ibid. 7543 Þa isæh Cesar tiðend [c 1275 tidinge] þat him wes sære. a1300Cursor M. 12785 Þai sent þair messageres..To bring fra iohn certan tiþand [Fairf. tiþande, Trin. tiþond]. c1430Syr Tryam. 156 They..tolde the kynge hur tythande. 1513Douglas æneis ii. vii. [vi.] 50 How now, Panthus, quhat tithand do ȝe bryng? 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 69 He'd got some tithand from the coast.
(2) pl. 3 tiðende; -en; 4 tiþandus, (tyȝandes, tiþans), 4–5 tythandis, 4–6 tiþandis, -es, tythands, 5 tythandes, -andys, -ondys, tithands, -anndez, -aundes, 6 -indes, Sc. tythance.
c1205Lay. 1038 Þæs tiðende [c 1275 þeos tidinge] him weren læðe. Ibid. 13996 Heo sæiden to þan kinge neowe tiðenden. a1352Minot Poems iii. 58 Þe galay men..thanked God of þir tiþandes. 13..Cursor M. 15912 (Cott.) For tiþans þat war tald. Ibid. 10312 (Gött.) Þis angel..Broght him tyȝandes sua gode. Ibid. 3322 (Fairf.) Þe maydyn ranne hame tiþandus to tel. c1440York Myst. xxiii. 60 Som new tythandys. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7802 Þe tithands went to many towns. 1533Gau Richt Vay (S.T.S.) 105/32 This promis is the vangel or ioiful tithandis. 1560Rolland Seven Sag. 115 Of ȝour tythance I am richt wonder glaid. a1584Satir. Poems Reform. xx. 26 At me thay speir Quhat tythands in this land?
(δ) (1) sing. 3 tidende, tidind, 4 tydand, -ant, 4–5 tydande, 5 tydond, tydynde.
c1205Lay. 17466 Þat tidende com to þan kinge. c1275Ibid. 9936 Come þe tidind [c 1205 þa tiðende] to Maurus þan kinge. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 5005 Men tolde þe kyng tydant, þat Romayns were aryue on land. Ibid. 15936 Til hym cam ful smert tydande [rime on lande]. 13..Cursor M. 10417 (Gött.) Quen þat scho herd þis tydand [Cott. tiþand, Laud tydond, Trin. tiþonde]. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 15242 To telle him of her tydande. c1460Launfal 838 Everych man therfore was wo That wyste of that tydynde.
(2) pl. 3 tidinde, -ende; 5 tid-, tydandes, -is, -annes, tytandis, 6 Sc. tydinnis, tydance.
c1205Lay. 3332 For ȝef ferrene kinges Hiherde þa tidinde. Ibid. 5139 Selcuðe tidende. 1451J. Capgrave St. Gilbert 72 Þe grete fere þat he hadde þat he schuld her no euel tytandis of hem. Ibid. 115 The archbischop..saide he was glad of þese tydannes. 1513Douglas æneis xi. xvii. 65 All the maist cruell tydinnis fillis his eris. a1585Montgomerie Flyting 72 Wee will heir tydance..of thy pow.
(ε) sing. and pl. 3 þyþingue, 4 thiþand, (thyȝandez), 5 thythyng, -es, thiþynges, 6 -thingis.
c1290St. Lucy 157 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 105 Ane Ioyeful þyþingue ich eou telle. 13..Cursor M. 10994 (Cott.) To þam he moght tell na thiþand [v.rr. tiþand, tiþond, tydond]. a1400Morte Arth. 1567, I ȝif the for thy thyȝandez Tolouse þe riche. c1400R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4251 Hom com tydinge [MS. βthiþynges]. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1538 When he herde thys thythyng. c1500Lancelot 2279 Whar that al thithingis goith and cumyth son.
b. plural const. as singular.
c1375Cursor M. 15912 (Fairf.) Tiþinges þat was talde. 1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 115 The tydings comes, that they are all arriu'd. 1619W. Sclater Exp. 1 Thess. (1638) 214 When tidings is brought us of Brethrens faultings. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xxxv. 22 Jacob's great amazement at this sad tidings. 1839Carlyle Chartism (1842) 48 The tidings was world-old, or older.
†c. fig. Indications, traces. Obs. rare.
a1440Sir Eglam. 367 Where the bore had wonte to bee; Tydyngys of hym sone he fonde, Slayne men on every honde.
3. Comb., as tidings-bearer, tidings-bringer, tidings-bringing, tidings-maker.
c1440Promp. Parv. 493/2 Tydyngys berare, rumigerulus. 1483Caxton Cato g vj b, Thou arte a lyar and a tydynges maker. 1526Tindale Acts xvii. 18 He semeth to be a tydynges brynger off new devyls [Coverd. goddes]. 1535Coverdale 1 Sam. iv. 17 Then answered the tydinge bringer, & sayde: Israel is fled before the Philistynes. 1552Huloet, Tidynges carier, renuncius, ij. 1632Sherwood, A Tidings bringing, nunciation.
Hence ˈtidingless a., without tidings.
1822Blackw. Mag. XI. 398 As tidingless returning as before. 1870Morris Earthly Par. iii. 430 Tidingless a while day passed by day.
▪ II. ˈtiding, vbl. n.
[f. tide v.2, or tide n. + -ing1.]
†1. The flowing or rising of the tide; also fig.
1593B. Barnes Parthenophil Sonn. xli, More than blessed was I, if one tiding Of female favour set mine heart afloat! 1639G. Daniel Ecclus. xii. 16 The gust of Sin, may Stir a Surly tiding, In Seas pacifique. 1654Whitlock Zootomia Pref. a v, Would you know (saith he) my manner of writing? it is a kind of voluntary Tiding of, not Pumping for; Notions flowing, not forced. 1675E. Wilson Spadacrene Dunelm. 21 No more of the River comes back again by tiding than what the Sea forc'd up at the time of its tiding.
b. attrib. tiding time: in quot. fig.
1693Paschall in Phil. Trans. XVII. 816 The Fits generally lasted all the Tiding time, and then went off in gentle kindly Sweats in the Ebbs.
2. A sailing or drifting with the tide.
1681T. Duseley in Trans. Kilkenny Archæol. Soc. Ser. ii. IV. 320 They very easily putt to sea.., a very small matter of tideing (if any) serves turne. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 164 Stream Anchor; which stops the Ship in tiding up a River. 1774Pennant Tour Scot. in 1772 241 After tiding for three hours anchor in the Sound. 1817Keatinge Trav. II. 143 Some little advantage in point of position..with convenience of tiding up inland.
▪ III. ˈtiding, ppl. a.
[f. tide v.2 + -ing2.]
That ebbs and flows; tidal.
1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxx. 88 There is a Tyding-well, That daily ebbs and flowes. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 372 If we fling our Bread upon the Waters, we chuse not Currents that run all one way (and that from us), but tyding waters. 17..Philips (J.), Wading within the Ouse, he dealt his blows, And sent them, rolling, to the tiding Humber. 1839Stonehouse Axholme p. xiv, The Isle of Axholme..admirably situated on the banks of a tiding river. |