| 释义 |
throstle|ˈθrɒs(ə)l|
Forms: α. 1–3 þrostle, 4 þrostel, -yl, 4–5 throstel(e, 5 -elle, -il, -yl(l, 7 throssel, throssle, (thrassel), 5– throstle. β. 4 þrustel(e, 4–8 thrustle, 5 -ille, -yll(e, 5–6 thrustel(l, 6 -ele, 7 thrussel. γ. 4 þrestel, thristill, (5 thyrstylle), 6 threstyll, thrissell, 8 thrissel, thristle, thrystle.
[OE. þrostle or ? þróstle, wk. fem. For þróstle, cf. MLG. drôsle (Low Ger. dial. dråssel, draussel, drausele), app. pointing to an OTeut. *þramstala (Kluge). For þrostle, cf. MHG. drostel, the root-form of which appears in ON. þrǫstr (Norw. trost, trast, Sw. trast, Da. trost):—OTeut. *þrastuz, commonly referred to Indo-Eur. *trozdu-s, whence L. turdus (*trzdo-), OPruss. tresde, and Lett. strazds, Lith. strãzdas, all meaning ‘thrush’. Cf. also OSlav. drozgu and Russ. drozdu. (See Suolahti, Deutsche Vogelnamen 1909, 51–54.)
App. in origin distinct from thrush, though the derivative forms of the latter, thruschel, thrusshill in ME., droschel, druschel in Ger., come very near to throstle, thrustle, and MHG. drostel. The vocalization of ME. thrustel, thristel, threstyl, etc. seems also to have been influenced by that of thrusche, thrysshe, threshe, thrishel, etc.: see thrush1.]
1. A thrush; esp. the song-thrush or mavis, Turdus musicus. Now only literary and dial.
In many ME. passages, esp. in alliterative verse, ‘throstle’ and ‘thrush’ are distinguished, and in several cases, e.g. quots. c 900, 1303, c 1440, and (?) 1601, throstle is applied to the blackbird. In quot. 1303, the original Fr. has in one MS. ‘Le oysel est merle apelé, Neir est [v.r. Veu l'ay] en yuer & en esté’. Chaucer, also, in Rom. Rose 665 translates ‘Melles [? merles] et mauvis’, Thrustels, Terins, and Mauise.
c725Corpus Gloss. (O.E.T.) 2068 Turdella, ðrostle. c900Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 100 Sum swyþe sweart & lytel fuᵹel, se is on folcisc þrostle ᵹehaten. 956Charter of Eadwig in Birch Cart. Sax. III. 141 Of þam lea on þrostlan wyl. a1250Owl & Night. 1659 Þaruore anan to hire cherde Þrusche and þrostle and wudewale. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7480 A fend of helle Yn a lykenes of a bryd. A ‘þrostyl’ ys þe name kyd. c1350Will. Palerne 820 Boþe þe þrusch & þe þrustele bi xxxti of boþe. 13..Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xlvi. 181 Þe þrestel song ful schille. 1375Barbour Bruce v. 4 Byrdis smale, As thristill and þe nychtingale. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 237 Whan somer is hote Þrostel syngeþ wiþ mery note. 1403Nottingham Rec. II. 20, j. caige cum j. throstyll. c1440Promp. Parv. 493/1 Thrustylle, bryd (P. thrusshill or thrustyll), merula. c1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 188 Turdus auis est. g[allice] mauuys, an[glice] throstle. 1483Cath. Angl. 386/2 A Throstelle, mauiscus. 1601Holland Pliny (1634) I. 293 Agrippina the Empresse..had a Black-bird or a Throstle..which could counterfeit mans speech. 1604Drayton Owle 1259 The jocund Throstle, for his varying Note, Clad by the Eagle in a speckled Cote. 1661Walton Angler i. (ed. 3) 10 How doth the Black-bird and Thrassel..bid welcome to the cheerful Spring! 1668Charleton Onomast. 83 Turdus,..the Thrush, Song-Thrush, Throssle, or Mavis. 1766Pennant Zool. (1768) I. 226 The throstle is the finest of our singing birds. 1798Wordsw. Tables Turned iv, And hark! how blithe the throstle sings! 1841Browning Pippa Passes, Oh, Lark, be day's apostle To mavis, merle and throstle.
2. A spinning-machine for cotton, wool, etc., a modification of that originally called a water-frame; differing from a mule in having a continuous action, the processes of drawing, twisting, and winding being carried on simultaneously.
As to the reason of the name see quot. 1877.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 387 This construction of a water spinning-frame is called a throstle. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 110 Both systems of spinning, namely, the continuous or by throstles, and the discontinuous or by mules. 1876J. Watts Brit. Manuf. III. 138 The throstle, an extension and modification of the original spinning-frame,..is employed in the spinning of yarn for warps. 1877Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., The throstle derived its name from the singing or humming which it occasioned.
3. attrib. and Comb.
a. in sense 1, as throstle-throat, throstle-wing; throstle-like adj.; throstle-breast (Mining): see quot.; throstle-nest, applied attrib. to a form of stag's horn (see quot. 1785). See also throstle-cock.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict., *Throstlebrest, a king of Ore or rather Knockings, mixt with a brown Tuft.
1902F. Campbell in Temple Bar Mag. CXXVI. 106 Mary's *throstle-like voice.
1785Barker in Phil. Trans. LXXV. 354 Horns..which park-keepers in this part of the country call *throstle-nest horns,..the upper part..is branched out into a number of short antlers which form an hollow about large enough to contain a thrush's nest. 1898Westm. Gaz. 5 Mar. 8/1 Antlers of the ‘throstle nest’ type.
17..Jolly Hind Squire viii. in Child Ballads ii. (1884) 429/2 The *thristle-throat is the next that sings Unto the nightingale. 1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. xxxiv. §14 (1689) 190 Feathers of..Throstle-wing.
b. in sense 2, as throstle-frame (= 2), throstle-piecer (piecer 2), throstle-spindle, throstle-spinner, throstle-spinning, throstle-yarn.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 23 The water-twist, or throstle cotton mills. Ibid. 40 A throstle frame made in the best manner. Ibid. 71 The throstle twist, which has been so largely exported of late years. 1844G. Dodd Textile Manuf. i. 35 The roller principle, modified in a manner..represented by the throstle machine, is that by which the strong and hard yarns are produced. 1862Illustr. Lond. News XLI. 558/3 The Throstle Spinner..has an assistant, called the Throstle Doffer, a little girl or boy. 1884W. S. B. McLaren Spinning viii. (ed. 2) 150 There are four methods of spinning worsted, three of which come under the head of throstle frames... The fourth is the mule. |