| 释义 |
▪ I. territory1|ˈtɛrɪtərɪ|
Also 5 teri-, tery-.
[ad. L. territōri-um the land round a town, a domain, district, territory. Etymology unsettled: usually taken as a deriv. of terra earth, land (to which it was certainly referred in popular L. when altered to terrātōrium); but the original form has suggested derivation from terrēre to frighten, whence *territor frightener, territōrium ‘? a place from which people are warned off’ (Roby Lat. Gr. §943). So F. territoire (1278 in Godef. Compl.): see also terroir.]
1.
†a. The land or district lying round a city or town and under its jurisdiction. Chiefly as a rendering of L. territōrium. Obs.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 321 Boecius..was throtelede in the territory Mediolanense. c1460Oseney Reg. 99, ij. acres of Arable londe In þe territorye or grownde of Cudelynton. 1483Rolls of Parlt. VI. 256/2 Persons havyng Lands and Tenements in the seid Netheracastre, and within the territory of the same. 1538Elyot, Territorium, the fyeldes or countraye lyenge within the iurisdiction and boundes of a citie, a territorie. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest i. §3 (1615) 19 This word [Territorie] is most properly a circuit of ground, contayning a libertie within it selfe, wherein diuers men hauing land within it, and yet the Territorie it selfe doth lie open and not inclosed. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxii. 118 As they governed the City of Rome, and Territories adjacent.
b. The land or country belonging to or under the dominion of a ruler or state. Often applied contextually to the land or country itself of a state, as French territory (= France, the land of France).
1494Fabyan Chron. vii. 304 A cytie or towne, called Menne or Meune, within the londe or territorye of yo emperour. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts xxviii. 86 We came to Rhegium, a citie in ye borders of Italy situate and lyinge within the territory that belongeth to the Brutians. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. iii. 146 Welcome braue Earle into our Territories. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. x. (1691) 114 Not being above a sixth or seventh of the whole Territory of England. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. Introd. iv. 93 The kingdom of England, over which our municipal laws have jurisdiction, includes not, by the common law, either Wales, Scotland, or Ireland, or any other part..except the territory of England only. 1789Constitution U.S. iv. §3 Rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property of the United States. 1799Ht. Lee Canterb. T., Old Wom. T. (ed. 2) I. 359 A small port, still within the Neapolitan territories. 1835Thirlwall Greece I. i. 3 The original Hellas was included in the territory of a little tribe in the south of Thessaly. 1908Athenæum 12 Dec. 754/1 The rearrangement of frontiers and territories by Napoleon.
c. Sc. Law. (See quots.)
1765–8Ekskine Inst. Law Scot. I. ii. §16. 27 Since no judge can pronounce sentence on persons or subjects with⁓out his territory, civil jurisdiction cannot be founded, unless the defender either, first, reside within the judge's territory, or, 2dly, be possessed of some estate or subject within it. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot., Territory of a Judge is the district over which his jurisdiction extends in causes and in judicial acts proper to him, and beyond which he has no judicial authority.
d. transf. Each half of a football ground considered as belonging to one of the teams: so in hockey, baseball, etc.
1896Field 4 Jan. 22/2 A moment later, the visitors..invaded the home territory. Here Jones got smartly away..and..scored a..try.
e. Zool. An area chosen by an animal or a group of animals and defended against others of the same species.
1774O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 301 All these small birds mark out a territory to themselves, which they will permit none of their own species to remain in. 1914J. S. Huxley in Proc. Zool. Soc. 521 There may be hostility between members of one pair and members of another... The only reason I can discover for it is the trespassing of one or both birds of a strange pair upon the ‘territory’ of another. 1920E. Howard Territory in Bird Life i. 3 Securing a territory is then part of a process which has for its goal the successful rearing of offspring. 1933Brit. Birds XXVII. 20 A certain area of land or territory..extends around the nesting site. 1949W. C. Allee et al. Princ. Animal Ecol. xxiii. 412/2 Territories tend to be larger when population pressure is low. 1953N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World ix. 82 A Herring Gull returns to the same colony, and often even to the same territory. 1981Oxf. Compan. Animal Behaviour 550/2 Territories range in size from the few millimetres that separate barnacles..on a rock to the distances of several kilometres that separate neighbouring herds of African buffalo.
f. The geographical area within which a firm or salesman operates. orig. U.S.
1900Cent. Mag. Feb. 644/1 We've got to begin small. Our territory is Ohio. 1907F. H. Burnett Shuttle xxxviii. 379 Nick Baumgarten, who having for some time ‘beaten’ certain streets as assistant salesman.., had recently been elevated to a ‘territory’ of his own. 1925Daily Tel. 13 May 20/7 Traveller Wanted... Live men can earn {pstlg}10 a week. Territory given. 1931Economist 26 Dec. 1235/2 A convenient pocket tabulation of the financial results of oil companies, which shows also the area of their territory, the number of wells. 1977Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) 11 Jan. 9/1 (Advt.), A career in sales... Local territories available.
2. A tract of land, or district of undefined boundaries; a region.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 112 The most fertile territories of Anjou. 1834L. Ritchie Wand. by Seine 5 It was necessary to wrest a territory from the sea itself for [Havre's] foundation. 1870Yeats Nat. Hist. Comm. 89 The central territory is covered with forests. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer xvii. 201 Fascinating territories of limitless mulga-downs.
3. fig.
a. The domain, space, or region of fact, action, meaning, etc. belonging to or included in a science, art, class, word, etc.; sphere, province. Also in various vague figurative contexts.
1640Bp. Reynolds Passions xxxviii. 485 [Going] beyond their owne bounds, into the Territories (as I may so speake) of another Science. 1852H. Rogers Ecl. Faith (1864) 271 The whole field of historic investigation seems more or less the territory of scepticism. 1867J. Martineau Ess. II. 2 Psychology..has been allowed its title, but not its territory. 1875Whitney Life Lang. vii. 110 It is the customary office of a word to cover, not a point, but a territory, and a territory that is irregular, heterogeneous, and variable. 1927Daily Express 30 Nov. 3/1, I think it is a fine plan to refuse, if possible, to be affected by an opponent's play... But I am sure I took in entirely too much territory when I said that his work should be ignored. 1971N. Chomsky Probl. Knowledge & Freedom (1972) i. 34 To illustrate further, I would like to turn to some still unexplored territory. 1977J. I. M. Stewart Madonna of Astrolabe v. 93 She was frowning now, aware of having got on territory she hadn't designed to tread.
b. Anat. A tract or region of the body pertaining to a particular organ or structure.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 125 The supply of blood to the corresponding hepatic territory is cut off. 1899Ibid. VI. 716 The symptoms may be confined to the territory of a plexus. Ibid. VIII. 493 A vaso-motor..disturbance, confined to the territory of the vessels concerned.
4. A region administered by a federal or external government, esp. formerly in the United States, one of certain regions in the West belonging to and under the government of the American Republic, and having some degree of self-government, but not yet admitted as a State into the Union. Also, a part of Canada (now only North-west Territories and Yukon Territory) or Australia (Northern Territory) not organized as a province or state.
1799J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 41 The organization of the government of the Mississippi territory..should perhaps be mentioned to Congress. 1806Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) 90 A certificate that he had paid the tax required by a law of the Indian territory, on all retailers of merchandize. 1862J. E. Cairnes Rev. Amer. 22 A ‘territory’..is a portion of the domain of the Union which is not yet a ‘state’. 1888Schaff Hist. Chr. Ch. VI. i. xi. 84 The law of the United States is supreme in the Territories. 1897C. R. Tuttle Golden North 119 Two new provisional districts or territories have been erected in the far northwest by the Canadian government. The first is that called Mackenzie, lying to the north of Athabasca... The second is called Yukon. 1935Chambers's Encycl. II. 699/1 In 1871, after confederation, the population of Canada (including seven provinces and the territories) was 3,689,257. 1936I. L. Idriess Cattle King xii. 106 It dribbles south close to the Territory border all in the sand-hill country, until here it crosses the South Australian border. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVII. 12/1 The Territory of Papua in the south-east [of New Guinea], formerly a British protectorate, is administered by Australia under a governor. Ibid., It [sc. Norfolk Island] is a dependency of the Commonwealth of Australia, known officially as the Territory of Norfolk Island. 1969Northern Territory News (Darwin) 11 July 3/2 It also has mining interests in the Territory and Queensland. 1979G. Woodcock Canadians ii. x. 222 Even in Yellowknife, the capital of the [Northwest] Territories, I encountered an astonishing collection of people.
5. attrib. and Comb.
1898Westm. Gaz. 28 Oct. 7/2 There can be no compromise..about the territory rights. 1901Ibid. 21 Mar. 7/2 The Powers have been territory-hunting. 1929E. M. Nicholson How Birds Live iii. 31 The solitary territory-holder can only deal with single intruders. 1953N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World vi. 55 A territory-holder stretches its neck as soon as a stranger alights in its neighbourhood. Ibid. 58 This [fight] happens..when a territory-holding bird makes a surprise attack. 1962Science Survey XV. 238 A ‘territory-holding’ male robin will attack a bundle of red feathers.
▸ to come (also go) with the territory: to be a concomitant or inevitable element (esp. an unwelcome one) of a role or situation.
1949A. Miller Death of Salesman ii. 89 A salesman is got to dream, boy. It comes with the territory. 1977Washington Post 24 Apr. a13/3, I think that with great success, sniping and attacks seem to go with the territory. 1993National Ballet Mag. (Toronto) 24 Feb. 56/1 Dancers are hardly ever not in pain. It goes with the territory. 2000N. Hornby Speaking with Angel p. xiv, All parents of autistic children know the terrible cycle of guilt and apathy that comes with the territory.
▪ II. † territory2, territoire Obs.
Erroneously used by Caxton to render F. tertre, a rising ground, hill, or eminence.
c1477Caxton Jason 70 b, We shal enhabite with peple the lowe montaignes & the territoires. 1481― Godeffroy xxi. 53 They..began to reassemble, and gadred them to gydre on a territorie. Ibid. clviii. 233 Archys is a Cyte of the lande of Fenyce, and standeth atte foote of a montayne named Lybane, in a tereitorye moche stronge. |