| 释义 |
extermination|ɛkˌstɜːmɪˈneɪʃən|
Also 5 -mynacion, 6 -minatione.
[ad. L. exterminātiōn-em, n. of action f. extermināre: see exterminate.]
The action of exterminating.
†1. Expulsion from the bounds or limits of a country, state, or community; an instance of this; banishment, excommunication. Obs.
1577Dee Relat. Spirits i. (1659) 430 The Lord Rosenberg..did..advise the Emperour of his error committed in our extermination. a1626Bacon Holy War Wks. 1740 III. 542 Displanting and extermination of people. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus ix. 104 All the important businesse of the Church, whether censures or exterminations. 1660Blount Boscobel ii. (1680) 33 His Majesties sufferings and forced extermination. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 272 The slaughter of the Beast, or extermination of him out of Being.
2. a. Putting an end to, total extirpation; utter destruction.
1549Compl. Scot. vii. 68 To succumb hyr haistylye, in the maist extreme exterminatione. 1681in Somers Tracts II. 152 Forcible pursuit against such persons, to the utter extermination of them. 1790H. More Relig. Fash. World (1791) 140 The almost total extermination of religion. 1794S. Williams Vermont 160 The savage aims at the utter extermination of his enemy. 1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 540 The Jennerian Society for the Extermination of the Small-pox. 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 141 One species prospers and multiplies by the extermination of another. 1867Deutsch Rem. (1874) 8 A new decree for the extermination of the Talmud.
b. attrib., as extermination camp, a concentration camp for the mass murder of human beings, applied esp. to the camps set up by Nazi Germany in the war of 1939–45.
1945Atlantic Monthly July 55 Among the workers a threat of being sent to an extermination camp has its uses. 1952C. P. Blacker Eugenics 146 We have witnessed the inhumanities of concentration and extermination camps. 1957H. Roosenburg Walls came tumbling Down 10 The Jews..were sent to the extermination camps.
3. Math. = elimination 4.
1753in Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1784Waring in Phil. Trans. LXXIV. 411 The extermination of all the terms. 1827Hutton Course Math. I. 256 note, Cubic equations..may usually be reduced to quadratics, by extermination.
¶4. Used as = termination; ending; decay.
1490Caxton Eneydos xxii. (1890) 80 The owle['s]..song termyneth in pyetous extermynacion. 1549Compl. Scot. i. 20 Siklyik lordschips ande digniteis hes incressing, declinatione, ande exterminatione. |