| 释义 |
deˌoxyriboˈnucleic ˈacid Biochem.
Also desoxy-.
[f. deoxyribose + nucleic a.]
A generic term for any of the nucleic acids which yield deoxyribose on hydrolysis, which are generally found in and confined to the chromosomes of higher organisms, and which store genetic information. Also called deoxy-, desoxyribose nucleic acid. Abbrev. D.N.A., DNA.
1931Levene & Bass Nucleic Acids ix. 294 (heading) Desoxyribonucleic acids. 1938Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 1722 Secondly there are deoxyribonucleic acids, in which the sugar component is d-2-deoxyribose and of which ‘thymus nucleic acid’ is the classical example. 1944Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CLVI. 691 The key rôle of the desoxyribose type of these substances in the reproduction of inheritable characteristics has been emphasized by the identification of desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) as a major component of chromosomal nucleoprotein. 1947Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VIII. 622/1 Deoxyribonucleic acid has been identified in only a few viruses, for example those of psittacosis,..vaccinia,..influenza [etc.]. 1951Lancet 16 June 1287/1 In normal animal and plant cells deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A.) is located entirely within the nucleus. 1953Sci. News XXIX. 109 The structure proposed for the salts of deoxyribose nucleic acid consists of two chains coiled in the same direction about the same axis. 1955New Biol. XIX. 9 DNA molecules are chains which can be broken down into nucleotides. Each nucleotide molecule can be broken down by hydrolysis into a molecule of phosphoric acid, one of desoxyribose (a five carbon sugar) and one of a purine (adenine or guanine) or of a pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine or 5-methyl cytosine, but in some phages thymine or 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine). 1955Sci. Amer. Oct. 70/3 The chromosomes are made largely of DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid). DNA can exist in a great multitude of forms, all built of the same building blocks but with the units arranged in different sequences. The hereditary information carried by a DNA molecule is contained in the order of arrangement of these units. 1962A. Huxley Let. 26 Dec. (1969) 945 He talked such nonsense..about true intelligence residing only in the DNA molecule. 1964Listener 19 Mar 493/2 The spiral of deoxyribonucleic acid. 1970Nature 5 Sept. 998/2 Demolition of the hallowed idea of the molecular biologist that RNA cannot synthesize DNA has prompted a reinvestigation of other ideas.
Hence ˌdeoxyriboˈnuclease [-ase], any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of DNA, causing it to split up into smaller nucleotide units.
1946Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CLXVI. 393 (heading) Streptomycin and desoxyribonuclease in the study of variations in the properties of a bacterial virus. 1965Peacocke & Drysdale Molecular Basis Heredity vii. 69 If..one or other of the two nucleic acids has been eliminated from the material by digestion with a specific enzyme (deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease), the remaining nucleic acid can be located. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xx. 481 Degradation of nucleic acids begins with partial hydrolysis..catalysed by ribonucleases or deoxyribonucleases. |