| 释义 |
▪ I. extent, n.|ɛkˈstɛnt|
Also 5 astent.
[ME. extente, a. AF. extente, estente (= med.L. extenta), fem. pa. pple. of estendre to extend used subst. (cf. mod.Fr. étendue) in various senses; (1) extent in space, (2) superficial area, (3) valuation; f. estendre (F. étendre):—L. extendĕre: see extend.]
I.
1. Hist. a. The valuation of land or other property; esp. such a valuation made for the purpose of taxation; assessment; an instance of this. b. The value assigned to such land or property; assessed value; = stent. old extent, new extent (see quots.).
[1292Britton iii. vii. §5 La estente soit fete en ceste manere. En primes soit enquis par serment des jurours, cum bien les edifices et chief maner..vaillent par an de cleer.] c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 83 William wist of alle what it suld amounte, Of lordyng & of thralle þe extente þorgh acounte. 1424Sc. Acts Jas. I, §10 That all schirefis be sworne..that thai sall lelely and treuly ger this extent be fulfillit of all the landis and gudis. 1479Acta Audit. 89 (Jam.) That Dauid Halyday..sal bruk and joyss the xs worth of land of ald astent of Dalruskel. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 5 Such Lands..have been by reasonable Extent to them delivered in execution for the satisfaction of their said debts. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign., Extent of landes, signifies the rents, profites, and issues of the samin, quhair of there is twa kindes, the auld extent, and the new extent. Ibid. s.v. Extent, Ane vther taxation and extent was maid in the time of peace..quhilk therefore is called the new or second extent. 1682Warburton Hist. Guernsey (1822) 75 The extent of the King's revenue in the island, taken 5 Edw. III. 1331, gives an account..of all the lands, rents, and duties belonging to the King. 1778Pennant Tour Wales (1883) I. 23 [Coals] were discovered in the township..as early as the time of Edward I, as appears by an extent of that place, in..his reign. 1872E. W. Robertson Hist. Ess. 140 The valuation of Bagimont..became the standard..of ecclesiastical assessment..lay lands remaining at the earlier standard known..as the Old Extent.
†c. A tax levied on such a valuation. Obs.
1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Extent, They suld baith make personall service, and also pay extent or taxation. 1746–7Act 20 Geo. II, c. 50 §2 Lands..liable to the annual payment of the new extent or retour duty.
2. Law.
a. (In full writ of extent): A writ to recover debts of record due to the Crown, under which the body, lands, and goods of the debtor may be all seized at once to compel payment of the debt. extent in aid, extent in chief (see quots.).
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Wks. i. 911 Her small shot are Arrests and Actions, her great Ordnance are Extents, out⁓lawries and Executions. 1754Fielding Voy. Lisbon Wks. 1784 X. 256 He..was by extents from the Court of Exchequer, soon reduced below his original state. 1817Parl. Deb. 761 Extents of the Crown were formidable to persons who became debtors of the Crown. 1848Wharton Law Lex. 242/1 Extent in chief..issues from the Court of Exchequer..It directs the sheriff to take an inquisition or inquest of office, on the oaths of lawful men, to ascertain the lands, etc. of the debtor, and seize the same into the Queen's hands. 1866Crump Banking v. 111 A bill seized under an extent, for instance.
b. Seizure of lands, etc., in execution of a writ; the condition of being seized and held in satisfaction for debt, sequestration; also, the right of seizure; also = execution 7 b. In U.S. ‘A levy of an execution upon real estate by metes and bounds’ (Webster 1864).
1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §104 c, By force of the said statute and extent. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. i. 17 Duke. Push him out of dores And let my officers of such a nature Make an extente vpon his house and Lands. 1632Massinger City Madam v. ii, An under-sheriff, who..will serve An extent on lords or lowns' land. 1768[see extended 5]. 1776Foote Bankrupt iii. Wks. 1799 II. 134 They say an extent is brought into the house. Ibid. 138 Only an extent, to seize on all his effects. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) II. 75 All such remedies to recover a moiety of the rent, as the cognizor himself might have had..before the extent. 1867Knight Begg'd at Court iv. 66 And is it come to this! An extent in my house. I must get a bed and a supper at the Bolt-in-Tun.
†c. transf. A predatory attack; an assault.
1594? Greene Selimus Wks. (Grosart) XIV. 196 On all the world we make extent. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iv. i. 57 In this vnciuill, and vniust extent Against thy peace.
†3. Rents, etc., arising from extended lands.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6076 Persones, prestes, þan han here rente And ouþer þat han grete extente. a1626Bacon Max. & Uses Com. Law (1630) 78 All the propertie of their Goods..Wardships and Extents.
II.
4. ‘Space or degree to which anything is extended’ (J.). a. Of a material thing: The amount of space over which it extends; dimensions, compass, size; † a space or distance ‘taken’ with a pair of compasses.
1624[see extend v. 3]. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 60 The greatest extent [of this Citie] from the South-east to North-west [is] neere three miles. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 496 The Serpent..Of huge extent. 1680Morden Geog. Rect. Introd. (1685) 6 No Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring. 1720Ozell Vertot's Rom. Rep. I. i. 6 The Power of a State consists not so much in its Extent, as in the Number of its Inhabitants. 1794J. H. Moore Pract. Navig. (ed. 10) 60 That extent will reach from the departure 406 to the distance 449 miles. 1797–1804T. Bewick Brit. Birds (1847) I. 37 The Extent of its [the Kite's] wings is more than five feet. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 17 Such platforms must have been of considerable extent. 1881Jowett Thucyd. I. 235 The place..was in danger of having to capitulate owing to the extent of the wall.
b. Breadth of comprehension; width of application, operation, etc.; scope.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. viii. (1611) 21 In goodnesse..there is a latitude or extent. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 81 True, I haue married her; The verie head, and front of my offending, Hath this extent, no more. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 108 This Law, in the extent of it, reached as well to forraigners, as to the King's subjects. a1715Burnet Own Time I. 285 He [Leighton] gave his vote for it, not having sufficiently considered the extent of the words. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 208 ⁋11 Whoever knows the English tongue in its present extent, will be able to express his thoughts. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 376 The Act..had not defined the extent of the power which was to be exercised by the Sovereign.
c. Phrases: to a certain, great, etc., extent, to the (full) extent of. Hence: the limit to which anything extends; e.g. in phr. to reach the extent.
1671Milton P.R. iii. 406 If I..David's..full Scepter sway..To just extent over all Israel's sons. 1724R. Falconer Adv. & Escapes (1769) 2 You know..that my Fortune is but small, and I living to the Extent of it. 1754–64Smellie Midwif. I. 174 The patient ought..to be blooded to the extent of eight or twelve ounces. 1844Mem. Babylonian P'cess II. 90 Having reached the extent of our intended pilgrimage. 1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xviii. 175 Hidden things of darkness were brought to light to an extent that alarmed all the..powers of kitchen and chamber. 1866Crump Banking viii. 165 It [silver] is a legal tender only to the extent of 40s. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 236 He immediately becomes unjust to the full extent of his power.
d. Logic. = extension 8 b.
1656tr. Hobbes' Elem. Philos. (1839) 20 For the understanding of the extent of an universal name, we need no other faculty but [etc.]. a1718Penn Tracts Wks. 1726 I. 620 It [λογος] is a Word of the same Extent with Conversation. 1864Bowen Logic vii. 192 Not only is the Predicate of the Minor the Subject of the Conclusion and of less Extent than its own Subject.
5. concr.
a. An extended space; the ‘length and breadth’.
1627Drayton Battle Agincourt xxviii, Those Territories, of whose large extent The English Kings were owners of before. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. i. §24 In all that great Extent wherein the Mind wanders. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 531 Such an extent of Plains..Allures their Eyes. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 282 Let them see..what a vast extent of land we possess. 1737Glover Leonidas v. 44 Th' imperial race That rul'd th' extent of Asia. 1825Waterton Wand. S. Amer. i. i. 88 Here you may see a sloping extent of noble trees. 1862Marsh Eng. Lang. i. 11 They occupied only a small extent of England.
b. Something possessed of extension: see extension 7 b.
1871Fraser Life Berkeley x. 371 I am..independent of the changing tastes..and coloured or resistant extents, which form my transitory sense-given phenomena.
†6. The action of extending.
a. The showing or exercising (justice, kindness, etc.). Obs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. iv. 3 Was euer seene An Emperour in Rome thus ouerborne..and for the extent Of egall iustice, vs'd in such contempt? 1602― Ham. ii. ii. 390 Gentlemen, you are welcom..The appurtenance of Welcome, is Fashion and Ceremony. Let me comply with you in the Garbe, lest my extent to the Players..should more appeare like entertainment then yours. 1635Shirley Royal Master i. i, My extent in all things Is but to bid you welcome.
†b. Enlargement in scope or operation. Obs.
1657S. W. Schism Dispach't 502 To disacknowledge such extents of his Authority. 1668Howe Bless. Righteous (1825) 58 How pleasant to think, not only of the extents, but of the restraints of this power. 1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 77 Our Wealth [will] encrease in proportion..to the new Extents or Encouragements it [our trade] shall receive.
7. Campanology. (See quot. 1901.)
1901H. E. Bulwer Gloss. Techn. Terms Bells 14 Extent. (a) The full number of distinct ‘changes’, of which a ‘method’ admits, is the ‘extent’ of the ‘method’. (b) The full number of times a bell, or some definite combination of bells, can occupy a given position, without repetition of any one of the ‘changes’ containing such bell, or bells, in that position. 1928Daily Tel. 27 Nov. 10/7 Three ‘extents’ (i.e. 720 changes each) upon the six large bells there, in three different methods, 2,160 changes in all.
▪ II. † exˈtent, a. Obs.
[ad. L. extent-us, pa. pple. of extendĕre to extend.]
1. Of the hand, etc.: Stretched out; held out. Of strength: Strained, exerted to the full.
1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 193 Oure kynge..Wyth swerde drawe, bryght and extente. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. vi. 61 Both his hands..Above the water were on high extent. 1664Flodden F. viii. 78 The Admiral with strength extent, Then in the field fierce fighting was.
2. a. Continued or prolonged in length. b. Spread out in area. c. Possessed of extension.
1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 297 Burguyn is a parte of Fraunce Cenonense to Alpes Pirene extente allemoste. Ibid. 321 Where trees be extente in altitude by a c. and xlti foote. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ii. v, Whose matter..Thro' all the isle, and every part extent. 1641Songs Costume (Percy Soc.) 171 Tell me no more that roarers waire Their hair extent below their ear. 1647H. More Song of Soul ii. i. ii. lvi, Some be extended, others not extent.
▪ III. † exˈtent, v. Obs.
[f. L. extent- ppl. stem of extendĕre to extend.]
1. trans. To assess, make an assessment of, for the purpose of taxation. Sc. = stent.
1424Sc. Acts Jas. I, §10 He sall cheiss lele men and discret..gif thai haif doune thair deuoir at the end of the taxacione; and that alsa mony personys as may sufficiently extent þe cuntre.
b. intr. To be assessed.
1583in Maitland Hist. Edin. iii. (1753) 234 The Merchand, Prenteis, and sic Kynd of People as wer wont to extent with them..to pay at his Entrie..Threttie Shillings.
2. trans. To seize in satisfaction for debt.
1664in Rec. Soc. Lanc. & Cheshire XI. 41 Plaintiffs estate in Lowton and Newton ‘extented’ upon judgments at the suit of defendant. |