| 释义 |
realist, n. (and a.)|ˈriːəlɪst|
[f. real a.2 + -ist; cf. F. réaliste.]
†1. One who occupies himself with things rather than words. Obs. rare.
1605Camden Rem. (1637) 19 When as it is a greater glory now to be a Linguist, then a Realist. 1623H. Sydenham Serm. Sol. Occ. (1637) 30 He that only sings unto God (the vocale professor) he doth but talk of his wondrous work, but he that psalmes it (the realist in Christianity) he glories in his holy name.
2. Philos. An adherent or advocate of Realism (as opposed either to nominalist or to idealist).
a1695Wood Hist. & Ann. Univ. Oxon. an. 1340 (1792) I. i. 437 The faction now of the Nominalists and Realists being very rife and frequent in the University. 1725Watts Logic ii. iii. §4 In the colleges of learning, some are for the nominals, and some for the realists. 1832tr. Sismondi's Ital. Rep. vi. 130 He fancied himself, however, a philosopher, and took a part in the quarrel between realists and nominalists. 1836–7[see realism 1 b]. 1864Bowen Logic x. 330 The Realist, who believes in the objective validity of our external perceptions. 1884tr. Lotze's Metaph. i. vii. (1887) I. 217 While the Idealist conceives his one principle as a restlessly active Idea, the Realist conceives his as something objective.
3. a. One devoted to what is real, as opposed to what is fictitious or imaginary.
1847Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 370 He is a realist, terrific to all talkers, and confused truth-obscuring persons. 1889Spectator 28 Sept., The multitude of protectionists do not dream. They are hard, if mistaken, realists.
b. An artist or writer addicted to realism.
1870Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 337 No modern realist has excelled in quaint homeliness..Piero's study of a Nativity. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. vi. 193 [Fielding] is, indeed, as hearty a realist as Hogarth.
c. One who adheres to or is influenced by principles of realism (sense 2 c).
1930K. N. Llewellyn in Columbia Law Rev. XXX. 463 The problem calls for exploration, from the realist's angle, by cautious study of detail. 1954M. R. Cohen Amer. Thought ii. 64 The realists insist that any theory of value that is not arbitrary must be based on actual experience. 1960G. Schubert Public Interest iv. 142 Political scientists generally..appear to agree with those Realists who insist that there must be a general consensus to accept the decisions of public officials, if a democratic polity is to exist. 1971Chambliss & Seidman Law, Order & Power i. 2 The American legal realists, who insisted that we must study the law in action as well as the law in the books. 1977M. Clanchy in E. Attwooll Perspectives in Jurisprudence x. 176 The historian of law will tend to be a realist.
4. attrib. or as adj. Pertaining to, characteristic of, realists.
1845Maurice Mor. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. II. 644/1 It was this realist spirit..which really held back the nominalism of the schools. 1871Kingsley At Last ii, As long as the nominalist and the realist schools of thought keep up their controversy. 1874R. Tyrwhitt Sketch Club 1 They direct attention to good realist landscape. 1931R. Pound in Harvard Law Rev. XLIV. 697, I approach the subject of the call for a realist jurisprudence..with some humility. 1959Hart & Honoré Causation in Law iv. 92 The general scepticism as to the possibility of framing rules which developed into the ‘Realist’ movement of the 1930's. 1977Dædalus Summer 58 We may discover that the realist paradigm, which stresses the primacy of foreign policy, has to be seriously amended, not only for the present but for the past. |