| 释义 |
thermostat, n.|ˈθɜːməʊstæt|
[f. thermo- + Gr. στατός standing: cf. heliostat.]
a. An automatic apparatus for regulating temperature; esp. a device in which the expansive force of metals or gas acts directly upon the source of heat, ventilation, or the like, or controls them indirectly by opening and closing an electric circuit.
1831Ure in Proc. Roy. Soc. 16 June 67 On the Thermostat or Heat Governor, a self-acting physical Apparatus for regulating Temperature. 1835― Philos Manuf. 26 The instrument, for which I have obtained a patent, under the name of the heat-governor, or thermostat. 1877W. Thomson Voy. Challenger I. i. 34 The size of the iron frame was arranged so as to receive one of Bunsen's thermostats in ordinary use in laboratories. 1899J. Cagney Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. ii. (ed. 4) 107 The test-tube containing the infected serum is now placed in a thermostat, maintained at 36·5°–37° C.
b. An apparatus which gives notice of undue increase of temperature; an automatic fire-alarm.
1881Philad. Record No. 3462. 4 The thermostat, which gives an alarm as soon as the temperature of the room where it may be rises to 100°. 1908Daily Chron. 24 Aug. 6/3 The thermostat is usually attached to the ceiling, and immediately an abnormal and dangerous rise of temperature occurs the metal bars expand.
Hence as v. trans., to regulate the temperature of (a substance or a piece of apparatus) by means of a thermostat; ˈthermostat(t)ed ppl. a.; thermoˈstatic a., of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a thermostat; thermoˈstatically adv., by means of a thermostat; thermoˈstatics n. pl. [after hydrostatics], name suggested for the theory of the equilibrium of heat.
1839Ure Dict. Arts, etc. 1237 A single thermostatic bar, consisting of two or more bars or rulers of differently expansible solids..firmly riveted or soldered together, face to face... A thermostatic hoop. 1871Thermostatics [see thermokinematics s.v. thermo-]. 1877Knight Dict. Mech., Thermostatic Alarm, a device to give a signal when a certain temperature is attained. 1883Cassell's Fam. Mag. Aug. 537/2 Frost tell-tales..can be readily constructed by employing a thermostatic spring. 1891Cent. Dict. s.v., A thermostatically adjusted radiator. 1940Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 63 The tests were done in a roughly thermostated water-bath. 1950W. J. Moore Physical Chem. xv. 424 The cell must be well thermostated since the conductivity increases with the temperature. 1962Plant & Cell Physiol. III. 212 The temperature of the algal suspension was controlled by flowing thermostated water on the surface of the vessel. 1963G. L. Pickard Descriptive Physical Oceanogr. vi. 86 This necessitates thermostating the samples to {pm} 0·001C° during measurement. 1967Margerison & East Introd. Polymer Chem. ii. 94 The data..were obtained using solutions of polystyrene in benzene illuminated by light of 5461Å and thermostatted at 25°C. 1979Nature 25 Jan. 291/2 The complete reaction chamber was heated in a thermostatted oven. |