| 释义 |
▪ I. eˈxempt, ppl. a. and n.|ɛgˈzɛm(p)t|
[a. Fr. exempt = Pr. exempt, ad. L. exempt-us, pa. pple. of eximĕre to take out, f. ex- out + emĕre to take.]
A. pple. and adj.
1. With distinctly ppl. sense: = exempted pa. pple. and ppl. adj.a. Taken away, removed from; abolished. Obs. exc. arch.
†b. = excepted; also exempt case; cf. exempted. Obs.
†c. Cut off, debarred, excluded. Obs.
†d. Removed from (out of) allegiance, liability, or obligation to. Obs.
The pple. may have been referred variously to the Eng. vbs. exeme, exempt, or have been employed in direct imitation of the use of L. exemptus.
a.c1374Chaucer Boeth. ii. vii. 60 Þe soule..beynge in heuene reioiseþ þat it is exempt from alle erþely þinges. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. i. (Arb.) 46 They..be cleane quite and exempte out of the bondes and daunger to Gods commaundement. a1631Donne 6 Serm. i. (1634) 18 Men appropriated to God, men exempt out of the world. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 287 When exempt from Mortal Earth. 1874Holland Mistr. Manse 125 Blessed Sleep! in which exempt From our tired Selves long hours we lie.
b.1426Pol. Poems (1859) II. 137 The cours suyng in alle is hole entent, And in no wise list not be exempte. 1679Dryden & Lee Œdipus 15 Hear then this dreadful imprecation; hear it: 'Tis lay'd on all; not any one exempt. 1705Stanhope Paraphr. IV. 572 These are very rare and exempt cases. 1788Wesley Wks. (1872) VI. 281 With regard even to these exempt cases.
c.c1450Castle Hd. Life St. Cuthb. (Surtees) 3712 My teching eftir my dissese Sall' noȝt be had in contempt, Na all' oute of doyng all exempt. c1450Lonelich Grail I. 562 In Wanhope weren they falle, and exempt from graces alle. c1500Melusine 8 Whens may be suche a fayr..lady..so exempt & vnpurveyed of felawship. 1580Lupton Siqvila 111 Judges that favour falshood shall be exempt from Gods presence. 1598–9E. Forde Parismus i. (1661) 49 Being exempt from the clear light of the sun.
d.c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 351 Þei [priests] ben exempt fro Goddis lawe by privylegies þat þei han getun. a1400Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 209 Alle thynge must obeye to Goddys look, Out of his myght is non exempt. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 101 Y saw hym..exempte and delyueryd frome al peynys. 1513–4Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 6 [They] haue been exempt and discharged from all offices and businesse. 1538Starkey England ii. iii. 205, I wold haue no offycer of cyte nor towne to be exempt from theyr authoryte. 1651Davenant Gondibert i. iv. ii, Lands exempt from Nature's law.
†2. Picked out, choice, select. Obs.
c1611Chapman Iliad ix. 604 Of whose faire sexe, we come to offer seauen, The most exempt for excellence.
†3. Not subject to a superior authority; independent. Obs.
1552Huloet, Exempt or privileged by the kinges charter, exemptus. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 8 Is the lande diuided into shires, counties, precincts, and seuerall exempt liberties? 1601Holland Pliny I. 73 The Locri, surnamed Ozolæ, free states and exempt. 1628Coke On Litt. 133 The wife of the King of England is an exempt person from the King, and is capable of lands. 1738Common Sense (1739) II. 113 The Tea-Table is a Place which seems to prescribe for an exempt Jurisdiction from Common Sense.
b. esp. of a monastery or other religious foundation. Obs. exc. Hist.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 261 William bischop of Canntirbury..gat..bulles fro the Court to have 1111d. of the pound, both of exempt [cherchis] and not exempt. 1525(title), The Boke of Comfort..Enprented in the Exempt Monastery of Tavestok in Denshyre. 1621Abp. Abbot in Fortesc. Papers 165 The Churche of Westminster being an exempt and privileged place. 1726Ayliffe Parerg. 13 An Abbot cannot without the Knowledge and Advice of his Convent, subject an Exempt Monastery to any Person. 1868Stanley Westm. Ab. vi. 516 The Primate..preferred to avoid the question of the exempt jurisdiction of Westminster.
4. Freed from allegiance or liability to; not subject to the control or influence of.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 318 To live exempt From Heav'ns high jurisdiction. 1716Lady M. W. Montague Lett. xli. II. 11 There were some people exempt from their [enchantments'] power. 1850Gladstone Glean. (1879) V. lxiii. 211 There is no European country in which ecclesiastical societies are exempt from civic control. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 117 The old builders neither were infallible, nor are exempt from criticism.
5. Not liable to suffering, hardship, or inconvenience † of, from; not exposed or subject to:
a. danger, disease, or evil of any kind.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 1116 This worldes power and riche abundaunce Of drede of perile never ben exempte. 1490Caxton Eneydos viii. (1890) 35 To kepe hir cyte and the cytezeyns vnhurt and exempt from oppressyons. a1637B. Jonson (J.), To..live exempt From all the nets that thou canst spread. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 199 Where they may be exempt from the frost. 1711Steele Spect. No. 4 ⁋2 Exempt from the Passions with which others are tormented. 1759J. Mills Duhamel's Husb. ii. ii. (1762) 241, I did not see any one field exempt from this distemper. 1846Trench Mirac. xxix. (1862) 393 They whom Christ loves are no more exempt than others from their share of earthly trouble and anguish.
b. a charge, duty, payment, tax, etc.
1471Ripley Comp. Alch. in Ashm. (1652) 108 Exempt from Claustrall observance. 1517in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. viii. 212 Those Surgeons which be exempt from Almaner offices, enquestes & wacches. 1555Fardle Facions i. v. 62 This sorte of menne is priuileged, and exempte from all maner of charges. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 432 These..lived exempt from all public concerns and duties. 1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. s.v., Men of a certain age are exempt from serving in the militia. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 75 A man because he is a noble or a priest was not exempt from paying certain taxes.
6. Unsullied, unaffected by; clear, free from (a defect, flaw, stain, weakness).
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 8 These..being utterly exempt from any waight or gravity at all, are rightly termed..familiar letters. c1611Chapman Iliad viii. 435 Hector..led to a place, pure and exempt from blood, The Trojan forces. a1704T. Brown Sat. agst. Woman Wks. 1730 I. 57 Celia alone's exempt from all these crimes. 1821Shelley Prometh. Unb. iii. iv. 156 From custom's evil taint exempt and pure. 1875Scrivener Lect. Grk. Test. 6 Not exempt from the common failings of humanity.
B. n.
1. gen. An exempted person; esp. one relieved from performance of a duty, payment of a tax, etc.
1846Prescott Ferd. & Is. II. ii. iii. 315 The only legal exempts [from this military service] were the clergy, hidalgos, and paupers. 1860Emerson Cond. Life ix. 184 To point at one or another fine madman, as if there were any exempts. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. IV. xxvii. 518 Old men..who were exempts, except in case of immediate danger to the town.
2. Eccl. A person or religious establishment not subject to the jurisdiction of the bishop. Cf. A. 3 b. Obs. exc. Hist.
1532R. Bowyer in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xvii. 134 Reformators of divers orders of religion..as well exempts as not exempts. 1577Harrison England ii. ii. (1877) i. 42 Though it [the archdeaconrie of S. Albons] be under the Bishop of London for visitations & synods, yet is it otherwise reputed as member of the see of Lincolne, and therefore worthily called an exempt. 1706tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. II. iv. xxi. 377 The Holidays..shall also be observed by all Regulars, even Exempts.
†3. In the French army:
a. An inferior cavalry officer who commanded in the absence of the captain and lieutenant, and was exempt from ordinary military duty. Obs. exc. Hist.
1670Cotton Espernon ii. viii. 347 Mazure, and du Lion Exempts of her Guards. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3822/3 Our Men took an Exempt of the Life-Guard. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. xlv. 83 A file of musqueteers commanded by an Exempt [in Paris]. 1753Scots Mag. XV. 64/1 Three exempts of the guards. 1823in Crabb Technol. Dict.
†b. A French police officer. Obs. exc. Hist.
Originally, a sub-officer of the mounted police (maréchaussée) corresponding in rank and function to the ‘exempts’ of the cavalry.
1678tr. Gaya's Art of War i. 34 The Provost Mareschal..hath a Troop of Officers on Horseback, with a Lieutenant, Exempts, etc. 1772Birmingham Counterf. I. 240 In the midst of this scene, an exempt of the police arrives. 1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. (1867) 115 He slipped through the exempts, quite unsuspected.
4. In the English army
†a. after Fr. usage: A sub-officer of cavalry. Obs.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), An Exempt, a Life-Guard..free from Duty. 1721–1800in Bailey. 1739C'tess of Hertford Corr. (1806) I. 116 An exempt in my Lord's Troop.
b. One of the four officers who in turn command the Yeomen of the Guard in the absence of their superior officers. Now more commonly exon1, q.v.
1700Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 711 Mr. Dormer is made exempt of the yeomen of the guards in the room of Mr. Uphill. 1717Hist. Reg., Chron. Diary 5 One of the Exempts of his Majesty's Yeomen of the Guards. 1844W. J. Thoms Bk. of Court (ed. 2) 370 The Exempt of the Yeomen of the Guard is a resident officer who sleeps at St. James's, as Commandant of the Yeomen on duty.
▪ II. exempt, v.|ɛgˈzɛm(p)t|
Pa. pple. 5–6 exempt.
[ad. Fr. exempter, f. exempt adj.: see prec.]
†1. trans. To take out or away; to put far away, remove, cut off. Const. from, out of. Obs.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 39 Exempted from Sathan, to lyve for ever with Christe our Savioure. 1563Homilies ii. Right Use Church ii. (1859) 165 They..were exempted and banished (as it were) from the house of the Lord. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. iv. (1593) 97 He hist: for nature now had cleane exempt All other speach. 1589Greene Arcadia (1616) 40 Ile exempt them [flowers] all from my smell. 1595R. Johnson 7 Champions ii. v. (1608) 4 The Emperours onely daughter..exempted herselfe from all company. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 4/1 The payne will totallye be exemptede, and abolishede. 1635Tom a Lincolne in Thoms Prose Rom. (1858) II. 267 Being once exempted from my sight.
†b. To single out, select. Obs.
1538Starkey England i. iv. 139 For theyr vertue they schold be..from the commyn pepul, as hyt were, exemptyd. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. i. 22 She exempted out of the sorte and order of common women, was chosen. 1648Milton Sonn. xiii. To H. Lawes, Thy worth and skill exempts thee from the throng.
†2. To take away or omit (from a category or enumeration); to except. Const. from, out of; rarely with double obj. Also in the pa. pple. in concord with a n. in the nominative absolute; = except 3 b; and in the pr. pple. used absol. as quasi-prep.; = excepting prep. A. 1. Obs.
1548Gest Pr. Masse 120 Praying to Christ at the masse, hys supper or els where, heaven exempted. 1571Fortescue Forest Hist. 5 A small matter is it in niene hundred or a thousande yeeres to exempte twentie or thirtie. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 129 S. John..doth not exempt himselfe out of the same number. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 53 The ordering whereof (except in Letters Excusatorie, or Defensorie) is wholly exempted the course in those Letters prescribed. 1604Hooker Eccl. Pol. Pref. viii. §9 Their error exempted [ed. 1594 excepted] they seemed otherwise right good men. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. ix. 47 While all complain of Ignorance and Error, every one exempts himself. 1731Lett. from Fog's Jrnl. (1732) II. 286 Invited..by all Ranks..not exempting even a Branch of the Royal Family.
†3. To debar, exclude from the enjoyment of or participation in something. Obs.
1553T. Wilson Rhet. 101 b, They..exempted brybers frome bearynge rule in the commune weale. 1579North Plutarch, Agesilaus 670 Them selues [the Thebans] onely exempted from treatie of peace. 1667H. More Div. Dial. i. xxxv. (1713) 78 Cogitation is..exempted or prescinded from all Extension. 1689Evelyn Mem. (1857) II. 311 The Convention..exempt the Duke of Hanover from the succession to the Crown.
4. To grant to (a person, etc.) immunity or freedom from a liability to which others are subject:
a. from (the payment of) a fine, tax, etc. Also const. of, simply, and absol.
1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 393 Euery citezen and Burgeys wtoutforth shal pay at euery taske, vigille, lones..except certeyn persones that..be exemted. 1496–7Act 12 Hen. VII, c. 13 § 1 Tounes and places..exempted or discharged of payment to suche xvmes. 1573Cooper Thesaur., Eximere de vectigalibus, to exempt from paying tribute. 1705Arbuthnot Coins 279 Valentinian..exempted them [Mariners] from all Taxes. 1855Thackeray Newcomes I. 149 When did..his bailiff exempt from the rent? 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 163 Other towns were exempted..from..customs dues.
b. from (the control of) laws, (obedience to) an authority.
1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 28 Why have ye exempt you from our kings lawes. 1530Palsgr. 541/2 Many abbayes be exempted from their bysshoppe. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. iii. §25 King Kenulphus..had power to exempt this Abbot from the Iurisdiction of the Bishop. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. III. liv. 160 Those high churchmen..were desirous of exempting the mitre from all subjection to the crown. 1829I. Taylor Enthus. ii. (1867) 33 The religious emotions are exempted from this general law.
c. from pain, penalty, suffering, or inconvenience; also, from a defect, weakness, etc.
1484Caxton Curiall 1 Fortune hath exempte the fro the anguysshes that I suffre. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 195 Y⊇ cursednesse of old Adam, from which we are exempted by Christ. 1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. i. (1843) 4/1 The course of exempting men from prosecution, by dissolving of parliaments. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. ix. 330 Our Saviour's own Disciples were not exempted from the common Error. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 218 A Delay from which we are exempted by our new Method. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 443 Clergy who committed felony were no longer exempted from the penalties of their crimes.
d. from a burden, duty, or obligation, a burdensome state or condition.
1479in Eng. Gilds (1870) 414 King Edwarde the thirdde..by his honourable chartres exemptid the saide maires, to..feche their saide charges at the castell Yate. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xxxiii. 16 Kings and Tyrants..being exempted from the comon lot, seeme to themselves to be out of danger of gunshot. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (J.), The religious were not exempted, but fought among the other soldiers. c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 39 Living constantly in the country he could not be exempted from administering justice among them. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 128 The Beast..has the privilege to be exempted from all other Burdens ever after. 1718Lady M. W. Montague Lett. I. II. 70 The quarantine, from which nobody is exempted. 1836Lane Mod. Egypt. II. 345 The Copts..are exempted from military service. 1845McCulloch Taxation Introd. (1852) 36 A conscription..pressing with its utmost severity on certain classes of the population, and exempting others. |