| 释义 |
▪ I. tenon, n.1|ˈtɛnən|
Forms: α. 5 tenown, 5– tenon, (6–8 tennon); β. 6 tenaunt, -e, 6–7 (9 dial.) tenant, 7 -ent, 7–8 tennant, -ent.
[a. F. tenon (15th c. in Godef. Compl.), f. tenir to hold + suffix -on (= L. -ōnem). The β-forms show assimilation to the word tenant, and to L. tenent-em pr. pple., holding: cf. talon, talent, and see -ant3.]
1. a. A projection fashioned on the end or side of a piece of wood or other material, to fit into a corresponding cavity or mortise in another piece, so as to form a close and secure joint.
α14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 616/1 Tentum, a tenon, quod ponitur in commissura. c1440Promp. Parv. 489/1 Tenown, knyttynge of a balke or oþer lyke yn tymbyr (S. tenowre),..tenaculum, gumfus. 1545Elyot, Cardo.. it is also the tenon, whiche is put into the mortayse. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 339 Euery boorde had two tenons like pikes, whereby they were stucke into the sockets. a1661Fuller Worthies (1662) iii. Stafford. 38 There is a fair House on London Bridge, commonly called None-such, which is reported to be made without either Nailes or Pins, with crooked Tennons fastened with wedges and other (as I may term them) circumferential devices. 1852Wright Celt, Rom. & Sax. ii. 59 Each of the upright stones [at Stonehenge] had two tenons or projections on the top. 1889Work 29 June 227/1 In cutting dovetails and tenons.
β1551Recorde Cast. Knowl. (1556) 51 Then must you make lyke morteyses..to receaue those tenauntes. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. iv. iv. 330 If Chance could make a Beam.., and..Tenents at either end, yet it is not possible to conceive that Chance could..fit the Mortises of other pieces of Timber to those Tenents. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 116 Tennant..a square end fitted into a Mortess. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Yardley, The spire..for want of tennents being pinned down, was blown off.
b. tenon and mortise (also mortise and tenon: see mortise n. 1 b), the combination of these.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. 251 With a small tenents and mortescis. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vii. xii. §3. 267 Fastned with tenons and mortaises, the one into the other. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xviii. (Roxb.) 139/1 Fastned in them with a Mortais and Tenent. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn) II. 124 The good beasts must have known how to cut a well-wrought tenon and mortise.
†c. The lower part of a graft which is cut thin so as to be inserted into the stock. Obs.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §139 Take thy graffe and cut it in the ioynt to the myddes, & make the tenaunt therof half an inche longe or a lytell more al on the one syde. 1641in Maidment Bk. Scott. Pasquils 131 Whose tennons small, if they be left in ground, Like ill weeds soon will waxe.
†d. fig. That which firmly connects or unites two things. Obs. rare—1.
1617Hieron Wks. II. 145 There are then two things concurre in the producing of man... This I thinke to bee the surest tenon.
2. attrib. and Comb., as tenon-helve, tenon-joint, tenon piece; tenon-auger, a hollow auger for forming tenons on the ends of spokes, chair-legs, etc.; tenon-saw, a fine saw for making tenons, etc., having a thin blade, a thick back, and small teeth very slightly ‘set’.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Tenant-helve, see Frontal-hammer.
1865Reader No. 133. 73/3 Mortice and *tenon joints.
1901J. Black's Carp. & Build., Home Handicr. 14 A pin of hard wood..driven in through the *tenon piece and the mortise.
1549Privy Council Acts (1890) II. 351 *Tenant sawes, iiij. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 103 The Tennant-Saw, being thin, hath a Back to keep it from bending. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 251 The Tenon-saw derives its name from being used for forming the shoulders of tenons. 1898Monthly South Dakotan I. 57 This operation was successfully performed by Dr. Phillips with no further implements at hand than a large butcher's knife and a small tenon-saw. 1979A. B. Emary Woodworking xxix. 125 Saw (a hand saw and a tenon saw) can be stored in the lid.
▪ II. tenon, v.|ˈtɛnən|
Also 7–8 tenant, tennant, 8 tenent, tenont.
[f. prec. n.]
1. a. trans. To fix together with tenon and mortise.
1649W. Blithe Eng. Improv. Impr. (1653) 203 The beam..runs down into the plough-head, and is there tenanted and pinned into the head. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 91 If mortised and tenanted. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 25 Tenant [in Errata corr. to Tenon] the Post into the Keel. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) C iv b, The stern-post..is tenented into the keel. 1844Stephens Bk. Farm II. 289 The whole of the posts are likewise tenoned into the sill. 1949H. M. Cautley Norfolk Churches 37 A massive sill, frequently unbroken at the entrance to chancel, into which the muntins are tenoned. 1980Early Music Jan. 62/2 At the other end, the neck is tenoned into the post and pegged.
b. fig. To join or fix firmly and securely.
1596Bp. Andrewes Serm., Luke xvi. 25 (1841) II. 86 We tenon both these together, as antecedent and consequent. 1659O. Walker Instruct. Oratory 18 The several pieces of Invention..must next be sowed and tenanted together. 1856Whitman in Scott. Rev. (1883) 285 My foothold is tenon'd and mortis'd in granite.
2. a. To furnish or fit with a tenon.
1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 302 These two Rails are each of them tenoned at each end. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §174 Cramping the stones together, as well as tenoning the ends. 1873J. Richards Wood-w. Factories 156 For this we have the remedy of tenoning both ends at the same time.
b. intr. To engage or fit in by or as by a tenon. Also fig.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVII. 404/1 The two beams..should be placed conformable to the two uprights, so that they may tenon in them. 1842Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. V. 361/2 They tenon between the strings e and n. 1935‘E. Queen’ Spanish Cape Mystery iv. 103 There are a few facts floating about which don't precisely tenon with the psychopathic theory. 1981Rescue News Mar. 8/1 The oak timbers..tenoned and pegged into sole⁓plates lying on the bottom of the moat.
Hence ˈtenoned ppl. a., furnished or made with a tenon; ˈtenoner, a machine for forming tenons.
1771Luckombe Hist. Print. 323 [He] besmears the whole tenoned ends and tenons well with soap. 1875Carpentry & Join. 49 The tenoned and mortised ends of the pieces. 1891Cent. Dict., Tenoner. 1944J. C. Jones in N. W. Kay Practical Carpenter & Joiner x. 227/1 The rails are first fed into the tenoner edgeways up for the machining of the haunchings. 1971Cabinet Maker & Retail Furnisher 24 Sept. 532 Mr Taylor has retained in use with the new line a Schwabedissen double end tenoner with overhead beam.
▪ III. tenon
obs. and dial. form of tendon. |