| 释义 |
reactor|riːˈæktə(r)|
Also (rare) reacter.
[f. react v.1 + -or.]
1. A person, animal, or organism that reacts to a stimulus, esp. under test or experimental conditions; spec. one showing an immune response to a specific antigen.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xi. 433 One must bear in mind that in these experiments the reacter always knew in advance in a general way the kind of question which he was to receive. Ibid. xiii. 525 The reacter awaits the signal and reacts if it is of one sort, but omits to act if it is of another sort. 1895E. B. Titchener in Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. VII. 83 Reagent, reagent or reactor. 1907Psychol. Rev. (Monogr. Suppl.) VIII. iii. 314 In Series III. the reaction consisted in stopping a vertical movement... The reactor moved the pencil up and down against this vertical guide. 1928Daily Tel. 6 Nov. 7/7 Out of 835 animals..122 reacted to the double intradermal test, and 94 of these reactors proved tuberculous at autopsy. 1932Amer. Rev. Tuberc. XXV. 367 In this case the reactor was the sanatorium chef, who has never had tuberculosis. 1932[see Schick-negative adj.]. 1961Listener 30 Nov. 933/1 There may be some value in recording people's reactions to events and also the appearance of the reactors at any given moment. 1969Myers & Steele Bovine Tuberculosis vi. 351 Since 1961, the [N.Z.] Government has provided the funds to pay for the tuberculin testing costs, and compensation for reactors sent to slaughter. 1973Black Panther 10 Nov. 3/4 They are not actors, but reactors, and not leaders, but followers. 1976Nature 13 May 144/1 Among the other categories of patients tested, the percentage of negative reactors varied from 3 to 14%.
2. a. Electr. A coil or other piece of equipment which provides reactance in a circuit.
1915H. B. Dwight Constant-Voltage Transmission iii. 14 The name ‘synchronous condenser’..is not quite so appropriate when the machine is used with a constant-voltage transmission line, because for a large share of the time the current in the machine is not leading, but lagging, and the machine at that time does not behave as a condenser, but would more accurately be called a ‘synchronous reactor’. 1920Chem. Abstr. XIV. 2756 The cast-in-concrete air-core reactor is recommended for furnace work. 1951Engineering 9 Nov. 584/2 Each pair of ignitrons is capable of supplying a rectified current of 650 amperes at 600 volts, the 30 per cent ripple in which is reduced by the smoothing reactor. 1958J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. xvi. 389 Current-limiting reactors may be connected in series with each generator, in series with each feeder, or between each bus-bar section. 1961G. F. Tagg Pract. Electr. Engin. I. 33 One method of reducing short-circuit current is by the employment of reactances or inductance coils which, for large a.c. power systems, are known as reactors.
b. A vessel or apparatus in which substances are made to react chemically, esp. one in an industrial plant.
1935Industr. & Engin. Chem. Sept. 1072/2 In the pyrolysis of ethane and propane best results were obtained when using a reactor consisting of a helical coil of KA2S tubing... This reactor was placed in a radiant-type electrically heated furnace. 1939World Petroleum May 42/2 The plant consists essentially of an assembly of three polymerization reactors, debutanizer, rerunning column for separation of polymer into dimer..and trimer.., with two nickel catalyst hydrogenation reactors for conversion of the dimer to finished iso-octane. 1974Daily Tel. 17 July 19/4 The kettle he should have been watching was a three-ton reactor heating synthetic resin. The reactor..was just two degrees under 100 degrees centigrade when it was seen and could have cracked..or exploded. 1975Sci. Amer. Nov. 107/1 Using air to remove the graphite from the diamond surface enables us to carry out both operations in a single reactor. 1978Nature 22 June 582/1 The accident happened in a reactor used for the production of trichlorophenol.
c. = nuclear reactor s.v. nuclear a. 4. Freq. attrib.
1945[see nuclear reactor]. 1947Newsweek 8 Sept. 76/3 The tight-lipped Atomic Energy Commission did not tell all it knows about the new ‘reactor’. The active substance is plutonium. 1950Chemical Engin. Progress XLVI. 110/1 It behoves this nation to keep in the forefront of reactor technology. Ibid., The enormous cost of the reactor program. 1957Economist 19 Oct. 256/1 A maximum limit of 20 per cent enrichment with uranium 235..is usually imposed on uranium exports from the US, and the limit is exceeded only in such special cases as the fuel core for Harwell's Dido research reactor. 1963B. Fozard Instrumentation Nuclear Reactors xii. 144 Most of the neutrons in a reactor core..are produced at the instant of fission as the products of a reaction of great violence. 1971Materials & Technol. II. xii. 734 Reprocessing..is essential if plutonium is to be utilized in a mixed national power system of fast and thermal reactors. 1975Nature 16 Oct. 525/3 The air in the reactor room is maintained at a lower pressure than the air outside, so that if radioactivity were released from the reactor, it would not immediately be dispersed into the atmosphere. |