| 释义 |
▪ I. ensample, n. arch.|ɛnˈsɑːmp(ə)l, -ˈsæm-|
Forms: 4 ensamp-, ensaumpel, -ul(le, -il(l)e, (insampil, -saumpill, 5 emsampelle), 4–5 ensaumple, -nple, ensawmp(i)l(e, -yl, 3– ensample.
[Altered form of asaumple, a. OF. essample: see example n. (An AF. ensample occurs in some editions of Britton, but Nichols reads essaumplarie.)]
= example in various senses.
The mod. archaistic use is almost wholly due to reminiscence of the passages in which the word occurs in the New Testament. In four of these passages it is used in sense 2, and is retained unaltered in the R.V.; in the remaining two it has the sense 3, and has in the R.V. been replaced by example.
1. An illustrative instance.
a1300Cursor M. 10595 (Gött.), Be þis ensampil may men sy, Godd wald scho grew and clamb on hij. 1393Gower Conf. III. 138 Wherof ensample if thou wilt seche, Take hede. 14..Pol. Rel. & L. Poems 98 A gode Ensampille y wille telle. 1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 174 An emsampelle of deseytte. 1485Caxton Pref. Malory's Arthur, Also certeyn bookes of ensaumples and doctryne. 1548W. Patten Exp. Scot. in Arb. Garner III. 80 That if, for ensample like to this, I should rehearse to you out of the Old Testament, how the seven plentiful years, etc. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 20 Here is an ensample, peruse it. a1850Rossetti tr. Dante's Vita Nuova i. (1874) 81 By which ensamples this thing shall be made manifest.
†b. quasi-adv. = ‘for example’. Obs.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. ii. §45 Ensampulle as thus: the ȝere of ovre lord 1400, etc.
2. A precedent which may be followed or imitated; a pattern or model of conduct.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 446 And, vor ensample of hem, oþere ensentede þerto. a1340Hampole Psalter cxliv. 22 Bi myn ensaumpill all fleyss..loue him wiþouten end. c1386Chaucer Prol. 520 To drawen folk to heuen..By good ensample. c1440York Myst. xxvii. 86 Here schall I sette ȝou for to see Þis ȝonge childe for insaumpills seere. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon xii. 295 A worthy capytayn is the myrrour & ensaunple to thother for to doo well. 1531Dial. on Laws Eng. i. xxvi. (1638) 42 It seemeth that he doth against the ensample of God. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 90 He..askyd them mercy and foryefnes for his evylle insampulle. 1611Bible Phil. iii. 17 Marke them which walke so, as ye haue vs for an ensample. ― 1 Thess. i. 7. 1641 J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 85, I have Esay for an ensample. 1847Emerson Poems, To Rhea Wks. (Bohn) I. 403, I make this maiden an ensample To Nature.
b. Phrases: † in († to) ensample; to give, set (an) ensample; to take ensample († at, by, of).
c1250Old Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 27 Þer-of us yeft ensample þo þrie kinges of heþenesse. c1305Edmund Conf. 498 in E.E.P. (1862) 84 Þis holi man euere nam his ensample bi seint Thomas. Ibid. 522 Nym ensample of me. a1300Cursor M. 17288. 175 (Cott.) Ensaumple at him he toke. a1340Hampole Psalter xxvii. 1 Crist..settand him ensaumpile til rightwismen. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvii. 324 What sorwes he suffrede in ensample of ous alle. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxiv. 111 To giffe his men ensaumple and will to feight. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. xxvii. (1510) H iij, He prayeth to ensaumple of us that we shulde oftsyth pray. c1440Lay Folks Mass-bk. (MS. C.), Grete ensaumple he settes þereto. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour C iij b, I pray yow that ye take ensample here at me. 1568Grafton Chron. Edw. III, III. 284 Ye shall geve by this an evill ensample. 1865Pusey Truth Eng. Ch. 160 The ensample which He gave us in His Holy Childhood.
†c. in ensample: after the model (of); in imitation of the fact (that). Obs.
c1391Chaucer Astrol. i. §21 In ensample that the zodiak in hevene is ymagened to ben a superfice contienyng a latitude of 12 degrees. c1400Destr. Troy 1610 In Ensample of this Cite [sc. Troy]..Rome on a Riuer rially was set.
3. A deterrent instance of punishment, or of the evil consequences of any course of conduct; a practical warning. Const. to, of (the person to be warned), also with possessive pronoun. Phrases, for, † in ensample.
c1340Cursor M. 47 (Trin.) Ensaumpel herby to hem I sey, þat rage in her riot al wey. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 119 Walys ensample micht have bene To ȝow, had ȝe It forow sene. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cclvii. 336 They..were sore punysshed in ensample of other. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccl. 561 They shulde neuer haue peace with him, in ensample to all other townes. 1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 232 May not the ruine of y⊇ Grekes..suffyce for your ensample? 1611Bible 2 Peter ii. 6 Making them [Sodom and Gomorrha] an ensample vnto those that after should liue vngodly. 1858Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. I. xlviii. 189 Now these things happened for our ensamples.
▪ II. † enˈsample, v. Obs.
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans.
a. To authorize by example; also, to set forth as an example.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 10 Dedis ben nouȝtis þat ben not ensaumplid and wrouȝt by þis fadir. 1393Gower Conf. I. 1 Some matere Ensampled of the old wise.
b. To give an example or instance of.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 512 Ȝif þes newe reules weren [etc.]..[he] shulde have taught hem boþe and ensaumpled, boþe in his lif and spekinge. 1393Gower Conf. II. 148 In what maner it is grevous, Right fain I wolde ensample here. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. vi. 311 Crist ensamplid thilk greet pouerte. 1589Spenser F.Q. Pref., Homere..hath ensampled a good governour and a vertuous man. a1599― in Farr S.P. Eliz. (1845) I. 16 He..Ensampled it by this most righteous deede.
2. To give an example to; to instruct by example. Also, to model (something, oneself) by, upon.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 360 For Cristis lyf was þe beste, þat shulde ensaumple alle oþir. 1393Gower Conf. III. 241 Wherof all other..Ensampled hem upon the dede. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes ii. iv. 47 Of him that had the view of the Temple (for I cannot ensample you in all) take this small account. Ibid. iii. iv. 86 But if ever he had a true one [sc. sword], it must be made and ensampled by that of Chinons of England.
b. intr. To give an example (to).
c1449Pecock Repr. ii. v. 168 Forto ensaumple to othere men. Ibid. 314 For strengthe of her ensaumpling..tho circumstauncis for which thei so ensampliden. |