| 释义 |
alcoholic, a. and n.|ælkəʊˈhɒlɪk|
[f. alcohol + -ic.]
A. adj.
1. Of or belonging to alcohol.
1790Kerr tr. Lavoisier's Chem. 51 The combination of alkohol with caloric, becomes alkoholic gas. 1800Howard in Phil. Trans. XC. 217 The alcoholic liquor was likewise evaporated to a dry salt. 1809Nicholson in Brit. Encycl. V. ii. xvi, In making alcoholic tinctures. 1836C. Redding Mod. Wines xv. (ed. 2) 326 Some ingenious observations..upon the alcoholic principle in wine. Ibid. App. xxviii. 411 The mean alcoholic strength of wines. 1845Pen. Cycl. Supp. I. 73/1 A moderate use of alcoholic drinks. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sc. (ed. 6) II. xii. 260 The true alcoholic fermentation. 1882Med. Temp. Jrnl. No. 50. 77 Symptoms of chronic alcoholic poisoning.
2. Preserved in alcohol.
1852Dana Crustacea i. 185 The specimen, an alcoholic one, has a pale brown colour.
3. Using or employing alcohol.
1856Kane Arct. Explor. II. 405 The differences which alcoholic thermometers exhibit.
4. Addicted to alcohol (cf. sense B. 2 below).
1957Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Nov. 670/5 The girl is virtually imprisoned by the neurotic, psychotic and (it is apparent by this time) alcoholic novelist.
B. n. pl.
1. Alcoholics = alcoholic liquors.
1870Food Jrnl. 1 Apr. 141 Any restriction on the sale of alcoholics.
2. a. One who is addicted to excessive consumption of alcoholic drinks, a drink addict.
1891G. T. Kemp in Q. Jrnl. Inebriety Jan. (Funk), Chronic alcoholics. 1907Daily Chron. 4 Sept. 3/1 There is..a time coming when the alcoholic will be a rarity. 1909Westm. Gaz. 25 Feb. 8/1 Warning him that deceased was a ‘chronic alcoholic’, and must have a bottle of port a day.
b. Alcoholics Anonymous (orig. U.S.), an association for the mutual support and rehabilitation of alcoholics, founded at Akron, Ohio, in 1935. Abbrev. A.A. (see A III. 1).
1939‘Bill W.’ Alcoholics Anonymous ii. 27 We, of Alcoholics Anonymous, know one hundred men who were just as hopeless as Bill. All have recovered. They have solved the drink problem. 1941Sat. Even. Post 1 Mar. 9/1 They were members of Alcoholics Anonymous, a band of ex-problem drinkers who make an avocation of helping other alcoholics to beat the liquor habit. 1951I. Shaw Troubled Air ii. 28 You're jittery... Maybe you ought to join Alcoholics Anonymous. 1962Lancet 2 June 1193/2, 7 men attended meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous regularly. The impression was that those helped most by A.A. are the more stable and more intelligent. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. xii. 232 The most successful organization has been Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), an informal fellowship of former alcoholics whose goal is the rehabilitation of alcoholics. 1984N.Y. Times 2 Jan. 21/2 The Roman Catholic rectory serves twice a week as the meeting place for the local chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous.
Add:[A.] 2. Chiefly Path. Produced or caused by the consumption of alcohol, or by alcoholism.
1850W. B. Carpenter Use & Abuse Alcoholic Liquors i. 9 The term Intoxication..is commonly applied to alcoholic intoxication alone. 1882Med. Temp. Jrnl. No. 50. 77 Symptoms of chronic alcoholic poisoning. 1916E. V. Lucas Vermilion Box 141 He was, as the slang phrase has it, ‘oiled’; which is a condition of alcoholic comfort well on this side of inebriety. 1968Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry CXIV. 1549/1 A short list would include..depression in sexual perversion, alcoholic depression, and depressive symptoms resulting from organic disorder. 1991J. Diski Happily ever After i. 4 He listened, in an alcoholic torpor, from the depths of his armchair, to the sounds of the house.
3. alcoholic fermentation, the type of fermentation occurring in yeast, in which glucose is broken down to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide (earlier called vinous fermentation); contrasted with lactic fermentation.
1852T. R. Betton tr. Regnault's Elem. Chem. II. iv. 511 We shall be satisfied with stating what is known concerning alcoholic fermentation. 1879J. Tyndall Fragments Sci. (ed. 6) II. xii. 260 The true alcoholic fermentation. 1947C. E. Skinner et al. Henrici's Molds, Yeasts & Actinomycetes (ed. 2) xi. 323 This investigator concluded that the production of alcoholic fermentation does not require as complicated an apparatus as the living yeast cell. 1988K. Lynch Adventures on Wine Route (1990) v. 152 The alcoholic fermentation occurs within the skin of each uncrushed grape. |