| 释义 |
symptom, n.|ˈsɪmptəm|
Forms: 4–5 synthoma, pl. syn-, sinthomata, 6 symptoma, 7 syntoma; 6–7 symptome (6 sinthom, syntone), 7 symtom(e, simptome, (syntome, sintum), 7– symptom.
[In early use, in med.L. form synthoma, sinthoma, corrupt ff. late L. symptōma, a. Gr. σύµπτωµα chance, accident, mischance, disease, f. συµπίπτειν to fall together, fall upon, happen to (cf. πτῶµα fall, misfortune), f. σύν sym- + πίπτειν to fall. In mod. use, ad. F. symptome, † sinthome, or directly ad. L. symptōma. Cf. It. sintomo, Sp. síntoma, Pg. symptoma.]
1. a. Path. A (bodily or mental) phenomenon, circumstance, or change of condition arising from and accompanying a disease or affection, and constituting an indication or evidence of it; a characteristic sign of some particular disease. Esp., in mod. use, a subjective indication, perceptible to the patient, as opposed to an objective one or sign (sign n. 7 f).
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. ii. (1495) g j b/1 Yf the heed be corrupte & dystemperate wyth Synthoma of corrupcion of heed ache. Ibid. v. iii. g iij/2 Yf dryenesse [of brain] encreasyth wyth heete there..comyth worse Synthomata, euylles & syknesses. a1425tr. Arderne's Treat. Fistula, etc. 57 Oþer sinthomata i.[e.] perilez as scharp akyng and prikkyng, brynnyng, ychyng, smertyng. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. i. (Arb.) 21, I haue considered of the crasis, and syntoma of your disease. 1605Daniel Queen's Arcadia i. iv, We shall soone preuent this growing plague, Of pride, and folly, now that she discry The true symptoma of this maladie.
1541Copland Galyen's Terap. 2 A iij b, Those thynges are as symptomes and accydentes of the sayde vlceres, which yf they be present may hynder and let the curacion. 1562W. Bullein Bulwarke, Dial. Sorenes & Chir. 26 Alienacion of minde, with other sinthoms whiche in this case, are..signes of colde death. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 180 Counting the damages which the feauer produceth, with those of the Syntones of the euill. 1601Holland Pliny xxi. xiii. II. 94 The symptomes or accidents that ensue upon the eating of this honey, are these. Ibid. xxix. v. 362 That symtome of beeing afraid of water; which is incident unto such as be so bitten. 1603― Plutarch's Mor. 123 Swelling is a symptome or accident following upon a great wound or hurt in the flesh. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iii. viii. 429 Feare, sorrow, suspition, bashfulness and those other dread Symptomes of body and mind, must needs aggravate this misery. 1643Baker Chron., Edw. III 170 If he had not fallen into Symptomes of a Dropsie. 1660R. Coke Justice Vind. 10 As when a Physitian from the symptoms of his indisposed Patient, endeavors to find out the causes of his distemper. 1692Lond. Gaz. No. 2801/3 The Small-Pox being come out with all the good simptomes that could be wish'd. a1700in Cath. Rec. Soc. Publ. IX. 345 She perceived in herself y⊇ sintums of her neer aproching death. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne iii. 81 Symptoms of fever appearing, he was removed. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 175 His skin was hot, and his pulse strong. These symptoms could be attributed to..inflammation of the brain. 1842, etc. [see sign n. 7 e]. 1846Trench Mirac. xxvii. (1862) 367 All the symptoms..exactly agree with those of epilepsy. 1869S. Fenwick Med. Diagnosis i. 2 Diseases are distinguished from each other either by such alterations in the organs themselves, or their secretions, as can be ascertained by the senses of the observer (physical signs); or by changes in the functions of the parts affected (symptoms). 1922Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CLXIV. 684 The first sign noticed was cyanosis and the first symptom shortness of breath on exertion.
b. attrib. and Comb.: as symptom-free adj.; symptom-complex, -group, a set of symptoms occurring together and characterizing or constituting a particular disease or affection.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 865 Delirium tremens seems to have been first recognised as a symptom group, and separated from acute mania by Dr. Thomas Sutton..in 1813. Ibid. III. 70 The symptom-complex here presented is..unlike that of any other disease. 1962Lancet 27 Jan. 212/2 Most remain symptom-free, apart from aching calves, thighs and backs. 1980Recent Advances in Surgery X. 396 Only about 45 per cent of patients achieve a perfect, symptom-free, Visick grade I result.
2. a. gen. A phenomenon or circumstance accompanying some condition, process, feeling, etc., and serving as evidence of it (orig. and properly of something evil); a sign or indication of something.
1611B. Jonson in Coryat's Crudities Charact. Auth. bj b, He free from all other Symptomes of aspiring, will easily outcary that. 1626Prynne Perpet. Regen. Man's Est. Ep. Ded., It is a sure syntome, that iniquitie doth abound among vs. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 42 Furnisht with language, and many symptomes of education. 1641Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) I. 55 Jalousies and private devisions ware never good simptomes in a State. 1647H. More Song of Soul i. ii. cx, Ill symtomes men descry In this thy Glaucis, though the nimble wench So dexterously can pray and prophecy. 1673(title) The Character of a Coffee-House, with the Symptomes of a Town-Wit. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 13 The Morn appears, but with the Symptoms of a blowing Day. 1769Robertson Chas. V, iv. Wks. 1813 V. 373 They observed many symptoms of a boundless ambition in that young prince. 1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. v. I. 455 The carrying trade is the natural effect and symptom of great national wealth. 1831Scott Ct. Rob. xvi, Nor was it long ere symptoms of his approach began to be heard. 1852R. B. Mansfield Log Water Lily 12 The river..showed symptoms of rising. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 120 Symptoms of discontent began to appear. 1871R. W. Dale Commandm. vii. 189 There are some symptoms in the general habits..of society which seem to me somewhat ominous.
b. With negative expressed or implied: A slight, or the least, sign of something; a trace, vestige.
1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. ix. 186 We perceive not the least symptom of cogitation or sense in our tables, chairs, &c. a1797H. Walpole Mem. Geo. III (1845) I. xi. 171 Europe could scarce amass the symptom of a fleet. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxviii, He..attempted to pass him..with⁓out any symptom of recognition. 1873Tristram Moab vii. 27 Scarce a symptom of spring could as yet be seen.
¶ Misused for or confused with symbol. (Cf. symptomatic ¶ .)
a1687Cotton Poems, On Lord Derby 32 Those Judges..Who, in the symptomes of thy ruin drest, Pronounc't thy Sentence.
Hence ˈsymptom v. trans. rare—1, to indicate as by a symptom; loosely, to symbolize.
1648Earl of Westmorland Otia Sacra (1879) 65 To dwell with Dust and Clay, Which Symptome may Mans Low condition. |