| 释义 |
▪ I. dough, n.|dəʊ|
Forms: 1 dáᵹ, dáh, 4 doȝ, 4–5 dogh, north. dagh, 4–8 dow, dowe, 6 doughe, dowghe, 6– dough, (7 doe, 6– Sc. daigh, deawch). See also duff, which represents a prevalent dialect pronunciation.
[A Common Teut. n.: OE. dáh, gen. dáᵹes, = OFris. deeg, Du. deg, OHG., MHG. teic, Ger. teig, ON. deig, (Sw. deg, Da. deig, dei), Goth. daigs:—OTeut. *daigoz, f. verbal stem dig-, deig-, pre-Teutonic *dhigh- to form of clay, to knead: cf. Skr. dih- to besmear, L. fig-, fingĕre; cf. Gr. τεῖχος wall.]
1. a. A mass consisting of flour or meal moistened and kneaded into a paste, with or without leaven, ready to be baked into bread, etc.; kneaded flour; paste of bread. † sour-dough (q.v.), leaven.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 342 Wyrc clam of..daᵹe. Ibid. III. 88 Cned hyt..þ̶ hit si swa þicca swa doh. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 10099 Þe paste..ne oghe Be made of eny maner of soure doghe. 1340Ayenb. 205 Ase þe leuayne zoureþ þet doȝ. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 43 Take dow, & make þer-of a þinne kake. c1450Myrc 1882 Thy bred schal be of whete flour, I-made of dogh that ys not sour. 1526Tindale Gal. v. 9 A lytel leven doth leven the whole lompe of dowe. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Pref. ⁋25 He left this nation, as a piece of leaven in a masse of dow. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. (1814) 137 Leavened bread for use is made by mixing a little dough that has fermented, with new dough, and kneading them together. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 351 The better and older the flour the more water it absorbs to make dough.
b. Proverb. (my) cake is dough, (my) meal is all dough (Sc.): my project has failed.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. v. i. 145 My cake is dough, but Ile in among the rest. 1687–1708 [see cake n. 8]. 1737Ramsay Scot. Prov. (1776) 38 (Jam.) His meal's a' daigh. 1860Reade Cloister & H. xxv, Dietrich's forty years weighed him down like forty bullets. ‘Our cake is dough’, he gasped.
2. a. transf. and fig.
1611Cotgr., Laudore..a leaden fellow, poore sneakesbie, man of dowgh. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit without Money ii. ii, She has found what dough you are made of, and so kneads you. 1624Fletcher Rule a Wife iii. i, How unlike the lump I took him for, The piece of ignorant dow. 1788Burns 1st Ep. to Graham 16 She [Nature] kneads the lumpish philosophic dough. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. IV. lviii. 168 The baking process which the human dough demands.
b. Money. slang (orig. U.S.).
1851Yale Tomahawk Feb. (Th.), He thinks he will pick his way out of the Society's embarrassments, provided he can get sufficient dough. 1896Ade Artie ii. 12 I pulled in the dough and picked up the cards. 1917[see boodle1 2 b]. 1919War Slang in Athenæum 22 Aug. 791/2 ‘Dough’ denotes money, but more especially the weekly pay. 1942Wodehouse Money in Bank (1946) xxvii. 241 She's got more dough than you could shake a stick at. 1943Coast to Coast 1942 59 It might mean that I'll get a chance of makin' some dough. 1944C. A. Lawrence Narrowing Wind 60 You're in the dough and you kin afford to live there better'n I kin. 1955Times 3 Aug. 5/4 I'm going back to business and make myself a little dough.
attrib.1904N.Y. Even. Post 7 Nov. 3 This is Tammany's regular annual ‘dough day’—that is, the day on which the district leaders come to Tammany Hall for election day funds. 1906Ibid. 24 Oct. 4 In the country, election day without some sort of ‘dough-bag’ is an unheard-of thing. No ‘dough-bag’ means no votes.
3. Any soft, pasty mass.
1559Morwyng Evonym. 220 The leaves of hempe..Water should be poured to it, and when they are made dowe together, then to be destilled. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test. (1638) Pref. 4 To mould the dow of artificiall marble, and bake it in killes for building. 1862Jrnl. Soc. Arts X. 326/2 It [the India-rubber] may be dissolved either into ‘varnish’, or the more solid ‘dough’, as it is called, by the digestion of the sheet in..naphtha.
4. a. north. dial. (See quot. and yule-dough.)
1777Brand Pop. Antiq., Yule Doughs (1870) I. 293 The Yule-Dough, or Dow, was a kind of Baby, or little Image of Paste, which our Bakers used..to bake at this season and present to their customers. Ibid., note, Dough or Dow is vulgarly used in the North for a little cake.
b. A pudding or dumpling of dough: cf. duff and dough-boy.
5. attrib. and Comb., as dough-bait, dough-cake, dough-pan, dough-pill; dough-dividing, dough-kneaded, dough-like adjs.; dough-ball, (U.S.) ? = doughnut; dough-balls, the tufts of a kind of seaweed, Polysiphonia Olneyi; dough-brake, -kneader, -maker, -mixer, machines for kneading and mixing dough; dough-cake, (a) a cake made of dough; (b) dial. a simpleton, a fool; dough-head, (U.S.) ‘a soft-pated fellow, a fool’ (Bartlett Dict. Amer. 1860); dough-raiser, (see quot.); † dough-rib, an implement for scraping and cleaning the kneading-trough. Also dough-bake, etc.
1904Westm. Gaz. 19 Nov. 3/1 On the bank..men and boys..are fishing with quill-floats and *dough-bait, the least artistic form of sport.
1864Louie's last Term (N.Y.) 168 *Dough-balls were her acknowledged passion.
1881W. G. Farlow Marine Algæ 171 In its typical form P[olysiphonia] Olneyi forms dense soft tufts, sometimes called *dough-balls by the sea-shore population.
c1750M. Palmer Devonshire Dialogue (1839) 33 How unvitty and cat-handed you go about it, you *dough-cake. 1839F. Trollope Dom. Manners Amer. (ed. 5) 272 It won't convene for me to be mixing doe cakes and Johny cakes all day. 1844Lee & Frost 10 Yrs. Oregon xxii. 290 Becoming quite hungry we got out some flour, and baked some dough cakes. 1892Encycl. Cookery I. 525/1 Small Dough Cake... Large Dough Cake. 1921W. de la Mare Memoirs of Midget 8 Stuffing himself out with bread-and-dripping or dough-cake.
1854M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine xv. 222 He inwardly accused them all of being ‘*doughheads’.
1642Milton Apol. Smect. (1851) 288 He..demeanes himselfe in the dull expression so like a *dough kneaded thing.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 732/1 *Dough-kneader, a pair of rollers, one corrugated lengthwise and the other transversely, working in a frame with two inclined boards.
1928A. B. Callow Food & Health 25 The ‘indigestibility’ of very new bread is due to its *dough-like consistency.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 732/1 *Dough-mixer.
1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 108 ‘Uncover the *dough-pan’.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. iii, His chief Talapoin, to whom no *dough-pill he could knead and publish was other than medicinal and sacred.
1874Knight Dict. Mech. I. 732/2 *Dough-raiser, a pan in a bath of heated water, to maintain a temperature in the dough favorable to fermentation.
c1325Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in Wright Voc. 155 Un rastuer, a *douw-ribbe. c1440Promp. Parv. 129/1 Dowrys or dowrybbe, sarpa. 1530Palsgr. 215/1 Dowe rybbe, ratissevr a paste.
▪ II. dough, v. rare.|dəʊ|
[f. prec. n.]
†1. intr. To work in dough; to make dough. Obs.
1631Heywood 1st Pt. Fair Maid of W. ii. Wks. 1874 II. 277 When corne grew to be at an high rate, my father [a baker] never dowed after.
2. trans. To make (something) into or like dough. to dough in: to mix in with the dough (see doughing vbl. n.).
1887N. & Q. 7th Ser. III. 16/1 Doughing together the paste formed by the yerba and water.
Hence ˈdoughing, ppl. a.
1883Grant White Washington Adams 33 Pleasing and picturesque, and yet souring and doughing. |