| 释义 |
▪ I. disorder, n.|dɪsˈɔːdə(r)|
[f. dis- 9 + order n.: prob. after F. desordre (Palsgr. 1530). Cf. also disorder v. (which is known earlier).]
1. Absence or undoing of order or regular arrangement; confusion; confused state or condition.
1530Palsgr. 214/1 Disorder of a thyng, desbavlx, desordre, desordonnance. 1555Eden Decades Pref. to Rdr. (Arb.) 53 Disorder of the partes is a deformitie to the hole. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxx. 176 Common-wealths, imperfect, and apt to relapse into disorder. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxxix. 154 In this order, or rather disorder, we arrived at the Castle. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 713 Light shon, and order from disorder sprung. 1712W. Rogers Voy. 3 Our Ships out of trim, and every thing in disorder. a1839Praed Poems (1864) I. 189 The tangled boughs..Were twined in picturesque disorder. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 93 Disorder in a state is the source of all evil, and order of all good.
†b. Violation of recognized order, irregularity.
1709Pope Ess. Crit. 152 Thus Pegasus, a nearer way to take, May boldly deviate from the common track; From vulgar bounds with brave disorder part, And snatch a grace beyond the reach of art.
2. (with a and pl.) An instance of want of order or breach of rule; an irregularity.
1574Whitgift Def. Aunsw. iii. Wks. (1851) I. 363 If you say that it were a disorder that all should lay on their hands, I grant you. 1582J. Hester Secr. Phiorav. i. i. 1 These disorders which are thus committed. 1687T. Brown Saints in Uproar Wks. 1730 I. 83, I am resolved to..reform these disorders. 1828Sir W. Napier Penins. War iv. vi. I. 528 Inexperience was the..principal cause of the disorders which attended the retreat.
concr.1717Frezier Voy. S. Sea 263 The Decoration of the Altars..crowded and bad..a man cannot but lament the immense Sums they spend on those gilt Disorders.
†b. spec. An irregularity of conduct; a disorderly act or practice; a misdemeanour. Obs.
1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. To Rdr. (1586) A vij, The disorders of those travailers abroade, are the chiefe cause. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iii. 105 My Lady bad me tell you, that though she harbors you as her kinsman, she's nothing ally'd to your disorders. a1715Burnet Own Time (1823) I. 457 The king had another mistress..she fell into many scandalous disorders. 1772S. Denne Hist. Rochester 165 To remedy the disorders of those committed to his charge.
3. Disturbance, commotion, tumult; esp. a breach of public order, riot, mutiny, outrage.
1532Becon Pomander of Prayer Prayers, etc. (1844) 80 To send the spirit of love and concord among us, that, without any disorder or debate, every one of us may be content with our calling. 1628Mead in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 265 To prevent all disorder the train-bands kept a guard on both sides of the way. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. III. lx. 295 Many disorders in England it behoved him previously to compose. 1834West Ind. Sketch Bk. I. 303 A never ceasing surf..when the wind blows strong..it breaks with terrific disorder on the coast.
†4. Disturbance or agitation of mind, discomposure. Obs.
1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 102, I will not keepe this forme vpon my head, When there is such disorder in my witte. 1680Burnet Rochester (1692) 20 He remembering his dream fell into some disorder..and said..he was to die before morning. 1765H. Walpole Otranto i. (1798) 27 His voice faltered, and he asked with disorder, ‘What is in the great chamber?’ 1838Lytton Leila i. vi, The old man found Boabdil in great disorder and excitement.
5. A disturbance of the bodily (or mental) functions; an ailment, disease. (Usually a weaker term than disease, and not implying structural change.)
a1704Locke (J.), Sometimes occasioned by disorder in the body, or sometimes by thoughts in the mind. 1725N. Robinson Th. Physick iii. 108 A Fever is the first Disorder that affects the Blood and Vessels. 1781Cowper Lett. 18 Mar., A slight disorder in my eye. 1860Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life (1879) II. iv. 261 A new and troublesome stage of his chronic disorder. 1883Syd. Soc. Lex., Disorder..a term frequently used in medicine to imply functional disturbance, in opposition to manifest structural change.
▪ II. disorder, v.|dɪsˈɔːdə(r)|
[app. a modification of earlier desordene, disordeine vb., OF. desordener, after order vb. (Palsgr. has a F. désordrer beside désordonner, but the latter (OF. desordener) was the proper F. form.) (Disorder n. is app. later.)]
1. trans. To put out of order; to destroy the regular arrangement of; to throw into disorder or confusion; to disarrange, derange, upset.
1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 70 Workis doon by lesingis is for to disordre good thinges. 1581Fulke in Confer. iii. (1584) P ij b, You would obscure the sense by disordering the wordes. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 308 The Polanders..attempted sundry waies to break and disorder the Swedish army. 1667Milton P.L. x. 914 With..tresses all disorderd. 1783Burke Rep. Affairs Ind. Wks. 1842 II. 1 Your committee hold it expedient to collect..the circumstances, by which that government appears to them to be most essentially disordered. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid vi. 49 Loose and disordered her fair hair flew.
†b. intr. (for refl.) To become disordered; to fall into confusion. Obs.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. clxii. 198 The batayle of the marshals began to dysorder, by reason of the shot of the archers. 1647May Hist. Parl. iii. v. 86 The Earle made..Gull's Horse to retreat and disorder at this first charge.
†2. trans. To make morally irregular; to vitiate, corrupt; to mar, spoil. Obs.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 401 Many times by reading such tryfles..the manners of younge learners are disordered. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iv. xxxiv. 156 b, A life disordered, corrupted, and ful of al villany.
†b. refl. To violate moral order or rule; to break loose from restraint, behave in an unruly or riotous manner; to transgress the bounds of moderation, go to excess. Obs. (Cf. disorderly a. 2, disordinate 1.)
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 53/2 Those persons, which disorder themselues, and beecome wild colts, and can abide no law nor bridle. 1613Manch. Crt. Leet Rec. (1885) II. 279 A common Drunckard, and disorders himselffe verie often in quarrelinge and brawlinge. a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 44 That he should not disorder himself neither with eating nor drinking, but eat very little of Supper.
†3. trans. To disturb the mind or feelings of; to agitate, discompose, disconcert. Obs.
1575J. Still Gamm. Gurton v. ii. in Hazl. Dodsley III. 236 Dame Chat, master doctor upon you here complaineth, That you and your maids should him much disorder. 1679Burnet Hist. Ref. I. 459 This he uttered with a stern countenance, at which Lambert being a little disordered [etc.]. 1719De Foe Crusoe (1840) II. i. 4, I looked very earnestly at her; so that it a little disordered her. 1819Shelley Cenci ii. i. 77 He said, he looked, he did;—nothing at all Beyond his wont, yet it disordered me.
†b. To confuse or discompose the countenance.
1676Dryden Aurengz. iii. i. 1518 Disorder not my Face into a Frown. 1791E. Inchbald Simp. Story IV. xii. 150 With an angry voice and with his countenance disordered. 1795Southey Joan of Arc iv. 461 The youth's cheek A rapid blush disorder'd.
4. To derange the functions of; to put out of health; to ‘upset’ (a person or animal, or an organ or part of the body, or the mind).
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 263 b, By reason of..some humour, whiche disordereth the body. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 80 If you should eat their Fat, it would..disorder the Stomach very much. 1697W. Dampier Voy. I. 229 They [cochineal insects] take wing..but the heat of the Sun so disorders them, that they presently fall down dead. 1733–4Berkeley Let. to Prior 17 Mar., The east wind..never fails to disorder my head. 1735Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 18 The sea has not disordered me at all. 1853Ld. Houghton in Life (1891) I. xi. 490 That doctrine..seems capable of quite disordering the minds of men who adopt it. Mod. This climate is apt to disorder the liver.
transf.1826Q. Rev. XXXIV. 456 It is not full of such disgraceful vice and meanness as the Confessions of Rousseau, but it is as much disordered by vanity as they are by susceptibility.
†5. To deprive of, or degrade from, holy orders; = disordain 1. Obs.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 131/2 If this Pope Iohn did not erre in his disordering Formosus. 1681Dryden Sp. Friar v. ii, Alph. I shall do it by proxy, friar; your bishop's my friend, and is too honest to let such as you infect a cloister. Gom. Ay, do, father-in-law, let him be stripped of his habit, and disordered.
6. [f. dis- 6 + order v.] To reverse an order for; to countermand.
1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. iii. 122 The first word [ἀντιτασσοµενος] signifies properly disordered, counter⁓ordered, or ordered against. 1852Smedley L. Arundel xxvi, Charley Leicester, who dis-ordered the post-horses and postponed his journey to Constantinople.
Hence disˈordering vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. xviii. 19 The next day..all the oste..avaunced, without disorderyng. 1559Primer in Priv. Prayers (1851) 105 That we fall not into disordering of ourselves by anger. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 39 [The] arrowes fell as thick..as if it had bin a perpetual..showre of haile, to the great disordering and dismaying of the whole armie. 1744Ess. Acting 17 Like one not quite awak't from some disordering Dream. |