| 释义 |
▪ I. subsoil, n.|ˈsʌbsɔɪl|
[f. sub- 3 + soil n.1]
1. The stratum of soil lying immediately under the surface soil.
1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 287 On light land, with a gravelly subsoil, thirty or thirty-five bolls are accounted a sufficient dose. 1850Ansted Elem. Geol., Min., etc. §1018 In most cases the subsoil is immediately, and the soil intermediately, derived from the decomposition of the subjacent rock. 1879Jefferies Wild Life Southern Co. 44 The chalky subsoil coming there nearer to the surface. 1890Hardwicke's Science Gossip XXVI. 208 Barley with very short roots obtains its food from the surface-soil and does not affect the sub-soil, whence clover with very long roots draws its supply.
b. transf. and fig.
1839Carlyle Chartism iii. 123 This crude subsoil is the first subsoil of all true husbandry. 1852M. Pattison in Westm. Gaz. (1906) 15 Feb. 2/1 It would be the beginning of a system by which the University would strike its roots freely into the subsoil of society. 1871Browning Pr. Hohenst. 98 The subsoil of me, mould Whence spring my moods.
2. attrib. and Comb. (also subsoil plough).
1831Jas. Smith Thorough Draining (1843) 23 For the purpose of breaking the subsoil furrow. 1840J. Buel Farmer's Comp. 103 Subsoil draining, or the drainage of waters that rise through the subsoil, or pass off at its outcroppings. 1851H. Stephens Bk. Farm (ed. 2) II. 663/2 The subsoil-trencher of the Marquis of Tweeddale. 1860O. W. Holmes Prof. Breakf.-t. vi, Doctors assiduous,..undertakers solemn, but happy; then the great subsoil cultivator, who plants but never looks for fruit in his garden. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. II. 171/2 Subsoil-trench plough. 1884Harper's Mag. Apr. 761/2 This subsoil water..is scarcely less foul than sewage.
b. fig. with adj. force = penetrating deep down.
1882W. Cory Lett. & Jrnls. (1897) 485 German is used by subsoil research men. 1894Advance (Chicago) 12 Apr., Deep sub-soil repentance makes strong, healthy Christians who will stand wash and wear.
▪ II. subsoil, v.|ˈsʌbsɔɪl|
[f. prec.]
trans. To plough so as to cut into the subsoil, use a subsoil plough upon.
1840Trans. Yorkshire Agric. Soc. 47 In September, 1838, I subsoiled two fields of ten acres each. 1875Alex. Smith New Hist. Aberd. ii. 1209 A considerable extent of the old tilly ground has been thorough drained, but not much of it subsoiled.
b. fig. or in fig. context.
1851Thackeray Eng. Hum. ii. (1900) 483 He had not worked crop after crop from his brain, manuring hastily, sub-soiling indifferently. 1878T. L. Cuyler Pointed Papers 13 They subsoiled with the plough of Divine truth, which ripped to pieces self-righteousness and other secret sins.
Hence ˈsubsoiled ppl. a., ˈsubsoiling vbl. n. (also fig. = working below the surface, getting deep down); ˈsubsoiler, an instrument for loosening the subsoil, a subsoil plough.
1840Trans. Yorkshire Agric. Soc. 48 One of these *sub⁓soiled fields produced 35..bus. of wheat per acre.
1852C. W. Hoskyns Talpa 23 My first field was soon accomplished..deep enough..to allow Exall and Andrews' *sub⁓soiler to follow the cross-ploughing. 1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 414 Land broken in October with a two-horse Brinley plow, followed by a sub-soiler. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. II. 171/2 The ‘subsoil-trench plough’..consists in the first place of a subsoiler or coulter of iron.
1840Trans. Yorkshire Agric. Soc. 48, I do not attribute this great falling off, per acre, altogether to the parallel *subsoiling. 1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 215 The yield of fruit is largely increased by draining, trenching, and subsoiling. 1872in Sunday at Home (1881) Dec. 841/2 We have participated..in the subsoiling of English loyalty towards the Crown. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. iii. lxx. II. 555 Bosses begin the work of ‘subsoiling’, i.e. manipulating primaries and local conventions so as to secure the choice of such delegates..as they desire. |