| 释义 |
▪ I. disarm, v.|dɪsˈɑːm|
Also 5 des-, dys-.
[In 15th c. desarm (e, a. F. désarmer (11th c. in Hatz-Darm.), f. des-, dis- 4 + armer to arm.]
1. trans. To deprive of arms, to take the arms or weapons from. Const. of.
1481Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 224 The Turkes..toke thise .xij. men by force, and desarmed them. 1618Rowlands Night Raven 33 All those he after ten a clocke did finde, He should disarme of weapons they did beare. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 253 Death..shall..stoop Inglorious, of his mortal sting disarm'd. 1765–9Blackstone Comm. (1793) 328 A proclamation for disarming papists. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxii, The new comers had..entered the Castle, and were in the act of disarming the small garrison. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 139 A royal order came from Whitehall for disarming the population.
b. To force his weapon from the hand of (an opponent) in fighting or fencing.
1530Palsgr. 517/1 He was desarmed at the first course. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 82 b, The kyng of England with few strokes disarmed his counter partie. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 472 Come, from thy ward..I can heere disarme thee with this sticke, And make thy weapon drop. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 160, I made another pass at him, and fortunately run him into the Shoulder, and disarm'd him. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 123 He may be disarmed by the ‘Left Parry’.
c. To divest of armour; to strip the defensive armour off (a man or horse). arch.
c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 91 They..made hym come in, and dysarmed hym, and dyde to hym grete honoure. 1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, an. 2 (R.) These justes fynished..the kynge was disarmed, and at time conuenient he and the quene heard euen song. 1611Cotgr., Desbarder, to vnbarbe or disarme a horse of seruice. 1841James Brigand ii, The page..came up to disarm his lord.
d. refl. To put off one's armour or divest oneself of arms.
1481Caxton Godfrey (E.E.T.S.) 275 Thenne departed the barons, and disarmed them and toke of theyr harnoys in theyr hostellys. c1489― Sonne of Aymon viii. 198 They dysarmed theym selfe, and ete right well. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 28 The Prince disarm'd and uncloath'd himselfe. 1700Tyrrell Hist. Eng. II. 920 Earl Richard..disarmed himself.
2. intr. (for refl.) = 1 d.
1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 22 The Ensigne-bearer is not to disarme vntil the gates of the Fort..be first shut. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 31 Sweet lord, abandon passion, and disarme. 1626C. Potter tr. Sarpi's Quarrels Pius V, 433 Order was also giuen..to the Count de Fuentes that he should disarme.
3. trans. To deprive of munitions of war or means of defence, to dismantle (a city, ship, etc.). (Also
b. intr. for refl.)
1602Warner Alb. Eng. Epit. (1612) 355 The Romaines..still to hold this Land theirs, had disarmed it of munition. 1611Cotgr., Desmonter vne navire, to disarme a ship, to despoile her of all her munition, and furniture. 1685Lond. Gaz. No. 2081/1 Orders have been sent to the Galleys..to return hither, that they may be disarmed and laid up. 1726Cavallier Mem. i. 40 We disarm'd and burn'd some Churches, for fear the Enemy should put Garrisons in them. Ibid. ii. 125, I disarmed Brujiere and some other Villages near Holy-Ghosts-Bridge.
b.1694Lond. Gaz. No. 3027/1 All the Ships were Disarming.
c. To deprive (an animal) of its natural organs of attack or defence, as horns, claws, teeth; to divest anything of that with which it is armed.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 34 Heliogabalus..suddenly, in the night, would put in among them bears, wolves, lyons, and leopards, muzled and disarmed. Ibid. 98 They lose their horns in March..When the head of this beast is disarmed, there issueth blood from the skull. 1687Dryden Hind & P. i. 300 Their jaws disabl'd, and their claws disarm'd. a1800Cowper Iliad (ed. 2) xvi. (R.) Hector, drawing nigh To Ajax, of its brazen point disarm'd His ashen beam. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 47 Have the courage to appear poor, and you disarm poverty of its sharpest sting.
4. To reduce (an army, navy, etc.) to the customary peace footing. Usually absol. or intr. (for refl.).
1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Disarming, On the conclusion of a peace, it is usual for both sides to disarm. 1801Nelson 4 Apr. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) IV. 334 He knew the offer of Great Britain, either to join us, or disarm. ‘I pray, Lord Nelson, what do you call disarming?’..‘I considered it as not having on foot any force beyond the customary establishment.’ 1868Spectator 14 Nov. 1332 The old difficulty that a drilled nation cannot disarm, that disarmament in a country like Prussia is a mere phrase, is still unaffected. 1886Manch. Exam. 13 Jan. 4/7 Greece..will not disarm, but will go to war if her demands are not agreed to.
5. fig. To deprive of power to injure or terrify; to divest of aversion, suspicion, hostility, or the like; to render harmless, divest of its formidable character. Const. of († rarely from).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. metr. iv. 13 So schalt þou desarmen þe ire of þilke vnmyȝty tyraunt. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cliv. 8 The general of hot desire Was sleeping by a virgin hand disarm'd. 1649Milton Eikon. iv. Wks. (1847) 285/2 His design was..to disarm all, especially of a wise fear and suspicion. a1704T. Brown Upon a Yng. Lady Wks. 1730 I. 67 A tongue that every heart disarms. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. vii. 136 Conscious security disarms the cruelty of the monarch. 1788Lady Hawke Julia de G. I. 230 Disarmed from the slightest remains of envy, Julia returned to the company. 1841–44Emerson Ess. Manners Wks. (Bohn) I. 213 Society loves..the air of drowsy strength, which disarms criticism. 1871Macduff Mem. Patmos vi. 75 What could disarm that amphitheatre and these blazing faggots of their horrors? 1894J. T. Fowler Adamnan Introd. 70 His hostility was soon disarmed, and his conversion effected.
absol.a1719Addison Rosamond i. i, No fear shall alarm, No pity disarm.
†6. transf. To take off as armour. Obs. rare.
c1613Rowlands Paire Spy-Knaves 6 Disarme this heauy burden from my backe.
†b. Magnetism. To take away the armature. See armature 6. Obs.
1730Savery in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 325, I took off the Armour and bound it to that which was newly touched, and therewith retouched that which I had disarmed.
7. Manège. (See quot.) [F. désarmer un cheval, les lèvres d'un cheval.]
1727Bailey vol. II. s.v. Disarm, To disarm the Lips of a Horse, is to keep them subject, and out from above the Bars, when they are so large as to cover the Bars, and prevent the Pressure or Appui of the Mouth, by bearing up the Bit, and so hindring the Horse from feeling the Effects of it upon the Bars.
Hence disˈarming ppl. a.
1839T. Beale Nat. Hist. Sperm Whale 302 Beckoned us to approach with winning and disarming smiles.
▪ II. disˈarm, n.
[f. prec.]
The act of disarming (an opponent): esp. in Fencing.
1809Roland Fencing 9 The crossing of the blade signifies a kind of disarm, performed by a jirk from the wrist. 1827Barrington Pers. Sk. II. 16 A disarm is considered the same as a disable. 1833Regul. Instr. Cavalry i. 149 The ‘Second Point’..should be given with great caution, the wrist being then so liable to the disarm. |