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▪ I. stucco, n.|ˈstʌkəʊ|
Also 8 stocco, stocko.
[It.; believed to be ad. the Teut. word represented by OHG. stukki fragment, piece, also crust (mod.G. stück piece = (M)LG., (M)Du. stuk: see stick n.). The It. word has been adopted into several European langs.: F. stuc (see stuc), Sp. estuque, estuco, Pg. estuque, G. stuck, Du. stuc (from Fr.), Sw. stuck, Da. stuk.]
1. a. A fine plaster, esp. one composed of gypsum and pulverized marble, used for covering walls, ceilings, and floors, and for making cornices, mouldings, and other decorations.
1598R. Haydocke tr. Lomazzo's Art Paint. iii. 94 There are yet remayning in Transtevero in Rome, certayne Children..which so perfectly seeme to be made in Stucco, that they haue deceaved even divers good Painters. 1616–17in Crt. & Times James I (1848) I. 465 Some heads, whereof, to my remembrance, there was but one of marble, the other of stucco or plaster. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. (1735) 305 In Rome..not only have the Remains of ancient Painting been seen, but other genteel Ornaments of Stucco also. 1787Beckford Lett. Italy (1805) I. xv. 148 A parcel of naked boys over the doors, in white stucco. 1820T. S. Hughes Trav. Sicily I. iii. 75 The walls of the recesses are covered with a fine stucco, painted upon a vermilion ground with various colours and devices. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. Introd. 39 Halls and chambers..covered with white stucco, and this white stucco brilliant with colours, fresh as they were thousands of years ago. 1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 390/1 Stucco is a composition of slacked lime, chalk, and pulverized white marble tempered in water, designed to imitate different marbles used in the interior of buildings or [for] monuments. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 37 Sgraffito...The wall is covered with a coat of stucco made black..; over this a second very thin coat of white stucco is laid... The design is produced by cutting and scratching away the white skin.
b. A coarse plaster or calcareous cement used chiefly for covering the rough exterior surfaces of walls in imitation of stone; also called common stucco; spec. the third or last coat of plastering.
bastard stucco (see quot. 1812). rough stucco, stucco in which a large proportion of sand is used. trowelled stucco, stucco set with a trowel to form a surface for painting.
1779in Repert. Arts & Manuf. (1795) II. 289 My said invention of a water cement, or stucco, for building, repairing, and plastering walls. 1779Sheridan Critic i. ii, Here is..[an article] ‘a Detester of visible Brick-work, in favor of the new invented Stucco’;..in the style of Junius. 1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 306 Bastard Stucco, is three coat plaster,..but the finishing coat contains a little hair besides the sand, it is not hand floated, and the troweling is done with less labour than what is denominated troweled stucco. Ibid. 312 Stucco or Finishing is the third coat of three coat plaster... Rough stucco is only floated and brushed in a small degree with water: trowelled stucco is accounted the best. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 617 Common stucco, used for external work, consists of clean washed Thames sand and ground Dorking lime. 1862M. E. Braddon Lady Audley xxxviii, A great mansion of white stucco. 1870Thornbury Tour rd. Eng. I. i. 26 We despise stucco now as false and flimsy. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 507 It may not be amiss here to refer to some of the causes of the premature decay which takes place in stuccoes and cements. 1897W. Millar Plastering iv. 101 The adoption in England of stucco externally to give brick houses the appearance of stone is due to Robert Adam.
fig.1878Masque Poets 261 Behind the stucco of this world's politeness I find some moral framework not amiss.
c. Plaster of Paris.
1839–[cf. 3 c]. 1868Roscoe Elem. Chem. (1869) 32 Fixing a thin piece of stucco on to one end of a glass tube. 1897W. Millar Plastering ii. 35 Gypsum, from which plaster of Paris is made... In Italy it is known by the name of gesso; in Scotland it is called stucco;..and in the English trade..plaster.
2. a. The process of ornamenting walls, ceilings, cornices, etc. with stucco; also, work or ornamentation produced by this process.
1697Evelyn Numism. viii. 283 John de Udine Inventor or Restorer of the Art of Stucco. 1756M. Calderwood in Coltness Collect. (Maitl. Club) 141 The roofs in all the best rooms..are stucko, which was wrought by an Italian. 1782Pennant Journ. fr. Chester 345 The chancel has been very elegantly fitted up with stucco by the late duke.
b. A house plastered with stucco.
1976C. Weston Rouse Demon (1977) xi. 50 The Simmons house turned out to be a two-story Monterey-style stucco. 1981P. Mallory Killing Matter xvi. 167 A blue stucco at the corner of Delgado and Harding.
3. attrib. passing into adj.
a. Made of stucco, ornamented with stucco-work.
a1744Pope Hor. Sat. ii. vi. 192 Palladian walls, Venetian doors, Grotesco roofs, and stucco floors. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) I. 83 A stucco cabinet, so curiously wrought as to appear like the finest marble. 1799Hull Advertiser 16 Feb. 2/1 With marble chimney-pieces and stucco cornice. 1884Encycl. Brit. XVII. 37 The Moslem architects..made great use of stucco ornament. Ibid., These stucco reliefs were, as a rule, further decorated with delicate painting.
b. Of a building, etc.: Plastered with stucco in imitation of stone. Of a locality: Abounding in such buildings.
1848Thackeray Van. Fair lx, ‘Gardens’ was a felicitous word not applied to stucco houses with asphalte terraces in front, so early as 1827. 1897W. Millar Plastering i. 33 The brothers Adam introduced into England stucco façades and composition enrichments. 1897Watts-Dunton Aylwin v. ii, After we had left behind us what he called the ‘stucco world’ of the West End. 1898G. W. E. Russell Collect. & Recoll. xxiv. 307 Our Ambassador in that city of stucco palaces [Berlin].
c. Of a matrix, ornament: Made of plaster of Paris; plaster.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 631 Gypsum is mixed with water to the consistence of cream, and poured into moulds by the manufacturers of stucco ornaments and statues. 1846Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Jan. 67 The period varies from ten to twelve hours, liable to the breaking, splitting or warping of the stucco matrices. 1868Geo. Eliot F. Holt i, Her knowledge and accomplishments had become as valueless as old-fashioned stucco ornaments.
4. attrib. and Comb., as stucco paint, stucco plaster (hence stucco plasterer), stucco work (hence stucco worker); instrumental, as stucco-adorned, stucco-fronted, stucco-moulded adjs.; † stucco-paper, ? a wall paper made to resemble stucco.
1864Reader 3 Sept. 291/1 No flaunting *stucco-adorned town of yesterday.
1865A. B. Edwards Half a Million lxxxvi, A big *stucco-fronted many-windowed house.
1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 8/2 A frame of plain mouldings is more appropriate..than is a carved or *stucco-moulded frame.
1843Builder 12 Aug. 323/1 Patent *Stucco Paint and Patent Stucco Paint Cement.
1750–1Lady Luxborough Let. Shenstone 13 Feb., A common *stucco-paper. 1752Mrs. Delany Autob. & Corr. (1861) III. 76, I think I should rather hang it with stucco paper.
1744in Sixth Rep. Dep. Kpr. Publ. Rec. App. ii. 121 [Specification for a Lime, *Stucco Plaster, Morter].
1787Ibid. 177 [Thomas Henderson, of the City of York, *Stucco Plaisterer].
1686W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. 326 He built himself a House, which he adorned with *Stucco Work. Ibid. 342 A New Pallace, which should be adorned with Stucco-Work paintings in Fresco. 1753Hanway Trav. I. ii. xxxiv. 232 The rooms are lined with stocco work, painted in the Indian taste. 1908R. Bagot A. Cuthbert iv. 29 The rich carvings of the frieze and..the ornate stucco-work of the ceiling..had been executed in the sixteenth century, from Italian designs.
1897W. Millar Plastering i. 26 During the reign of Henry VIII,..many Italian *stucco workers found their way into this country.
▪ II. stucco, v.|ˈstʌkəʊ|
Inflected stuccoed, stuccoing. Also 8 stucko.
[f. stucco n.]
trans. To coat or plaster (a cornice, wall, etc.) with stucco; to ornament with stucco-work. Also with over.
1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 48 b, A Cornice..ought to be firmly wrought and well stucco'd over to repel all the injuries of the weather. 1754in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 38 Agreed that instead of stuccoing the old court..it be cas'd with Ketton Stone. 1774G. Grenville in G. Papers (1853) IV. 551 They have built it [a temple] entirely of marble, and stuccoed it over afterwards. 1782Pennant Journ. fr. Chester 307 The roof beautifully stuccoed.
b. In mod. building: To coat or plaster (a wall, building) esp. in imitation of stone-work.
1790W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 11 It may be built of wood, and stuccoed. 1799A. Young View Agric. Lincoln. 26 If an old wall is to be stuccoed, all..vegetation must previously be removed. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1587 Render float and set the walls in all the rooms..and stucco the committee-room. 1896F. M. Crawford Corleone v, Many of the houses [in Randazzo] on the main street have now been stuccoed and painted.
c. transf. and fig.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1824) II. 78 The apartment at the end [of a marmot's hole] is very warmly stuccoed round with moss and hay. 1776Anstey Election Ball (1808) 218 Ye must stucco and whitewash your faces. 1839Lady Lytton Cheveley (ed. 2) III. iii. 74 She was a great admirer of what the world stuccoes with the name of ‘talent’.
Hence ˈstuccoed ppl. a., ˈstuccoing vbl. n.
a1761Cawthorn Taste 75 Hence all our stucco'd walls, Mosaic floors. 1820Combe Snytax, Wife iii. 206 In stucco'd eating room he dines. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §517 Exterior Finishing is the term applied to stuccoing, rough⁓casting, and plastering. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 166/2 As an imitation of stone, much wil depend upon the skill and care with which stuccoing is executed. 1856Lever Martins of Cro' M. ii, Fragments of carving, or pieces of stuccoed tracery, together with broken vases and uprooted shrubs, littered the garden. 1884G. Allen Philistia II. 18 The noisy stuccoed modern watering-place. |