| 释义 |
deserve, v.|dɪˈzɜːv|
Forms: 4– deserve; also 4 de-, des-, discerve, desserve, 4–6 disserve, 6 dyserve.
[a. OF. deserv-ir, now (for sake of pronunciation) desservir:—L. dēservīre to serve zealously, well, or meritoriously, f. de- I. 3 + servīre to serve: hence, in late pop. L., to merit by service.]
†1. trans. To acquire or earn a rightful claim, by virtue of actions or qualities, to (something); to become entitled to or worthy of (reward or punishment, esteem or disesteem, position, designation, or any specified treatment). Obs. or arch.
[1292Britton v. x. §5 Si ele ne puisse averrer..qe ele pout dowarie aver deservi.] c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 613 Ȝyf euer þy mon vpon molde merit disserued. c1340Cursor M. 10350 (Trin.) Childre þat..ofte deseruen [Laud decervyn] muchel mede. c1400Rom. Rose 3093, I drede youre wrath to disserve. 1495Act II Hen. VII, c. 22 §4 Artificers..waste moch part of the day and deserve not their wagis. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxiii. 219 Honoure is dewe to them that dyserueth it. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. ii. 124 When at your hands did I deserue this scorne? 1713Addison Cato i. ii, 'Tis not in mortals to Command Success, But we'll do more, Sempronius; we'll Deserve it.
†b. Const. with inf. Obs. or arch.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 502 That hast deseruyd sorere for to smerte. c1400Mandeville (1839) ix. 200 Men that han disserved to ben dede.
†c. with indirect obj. and subord. clause. Obs.
1529More Dyaloge iv. Wks. 268/1 Nor neuer deserued we vnto him yt he should so much doe for vs.
2. To have acquired, and thus to have, a rightful claim to; to be entitled to, in return for services or meritorious actions, or sometimes for ill deeds and qualities; to be worthy to have. (Now the ordinary sense, in which to deserve is the result of having deserved in sense 1.)
[c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) Prol. 1 He desserued neuer nane euill; for he did neuer euill, ne thoght neuer euill.] c1440Promp. Parv. 120 Deservyn..be worthy to havyn (K), mereor. c1500New Not-br. Mayd in Anc. Poet. Tracts (Percy Soc.) 46 Mercy or grace, A fore your face, He none deserueth in dede. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner G v, We have many other herbes which deserve that name. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iii. i. 45 Doth not the Gentleman Deserue as full as fortunate a bed? 1631Shirley Love Tricks v. ii, He gave me two or three kicks, which I deserved well enough. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvii. 156 All Crimes doe equally deserve the name of Injustice. 1668Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 10 Mr. Ho...deserves a better fate than to be ever of the loosing side. 1676Lister in Ray's Corr. (1848) 124, I am well pleased your Catalogue of Plants is again to be printed: it certainly deserves it. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. 10 Oct. (1887) I. 128, I deserve not all the reproaches you make me. c1850Arab. Nts. 546 Do you think that you deserve the favour? Mod. The subject deserves fuller treatment than can be given to it here.
fig. or transf.a1631Donne Lett., To Mrs. B. White (1651) 6 Not to return til towards Christmas, except the business deserve him not so long.
b. Const. with inf.
1585J. B. tr. Viret's Sch. Beastes A iv b, Yf the beastes do better their office..then men doe theirs, they deserve more to be called reasonable, then men. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. xiii. (1627) 174 Herein many a Master deserves rather to be beaten then the scholler. 1841–4Emerson Ess., Spir. Laws Wks. (Bohn) I. 65 Only those books come down which deserve to last. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 90 The clergy had won the battle then because they deserved to win it.
3. absol. orintr.
†a. To become entitled to the fitting recompense of action, character, or qualities.
b. To be so entitled; to have just claims for reward or punishment; to merit, be worthy. Often in phr. to deserve ill or well of.
c1300Treat. Pop. Science 140 And went wheder heo hath deserved, to joye other to pyne. a1340Hampole Psalter xvi. 1 Here me as my rightwisnes deserues. c1400Destr. Troy 12029 Ryches..To be delt to þe dughti..As þai sothly desseruyt. 1535Coverdale Eccl. ix. 5 They yt be deed, knowe nothinge, nether deserue they eny more. a1669Trapp in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. vii. 16 Executed at Tyburn, as he had well deserven. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 136 That he, who best deserves, alone may reign. 1709Hearne Collect. (Oxf. Hist. Soc.) II. 234 He deserves well of the Publick. 1811Genl. Floyd in Southey Life Bell (1844) II. 640 You would, indeed, to use the French phrase, ‘Deserve well of the country.’ 1840Thackeray Paris Sk. Bk., Fr. Fashion. Novels, Deputies who had deserved well of their country. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 348 Slaves ought to be punished as they deserve.
c. in implied good sense.
1608Middleton Trick to catch Old One i. i, Find him so officious to deserve, So ready to supply! 1752Young Brothers iv. i, While you deserved, my passion was sincere.
†4. trans. To secure by service or quality of action; to earn, win.
b. Const. to (= for): To earn or win for (another). Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 134 Selden deieth he out of dette þat dyneth ar he deserue it. 1393Gower Conf. III. 299 He..which had his prise deserved..Was made begin a middel borde. c1440Gesta Rom. x. 29 (Harl. MS.) Me most euery day nedis laboure, and deserue viij pense. c1500Lancelot 1027 Tharfor y red hir thonk at þow disserue. 1590Marlowe Edw. II, iv. ii, But by the sword, my lord, 't must be deserv'd.
b.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. xvii. (1495) 43 And in prayenge the angel desceruyth mede to vs. c1449Pecock Repr. ii. xix. 266 A cros..was the instrument wher yn Crist..deserued to us al oure good. 1628Gaule Pract. Th. (1629) 10 How..could the humane Nature of ours deserue that to vs which his own could not deserue vnto it selfe?
†5. To serve, do service to; to be serviceable or subservient to; to serve or treat well, to benefit. Obs.
c1340Cursor M. 8405 (Trin.) Þat neuer did ne disserued [Cott. seruid] vileny. 1382Wyclif Heb. xiii. 16 By suche oostis God is disseruyd. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. Prol. 93 How lang sall I thus foruay Quhilk ȝow and Venus in this garth deseruis? 1625Massinger New Way iv. ii, Of all the scum that grew rich by my riots, This..and this..have worst deserved me. 1634― Very Woman ii. iii, You in this Shall much deserve me.
†b. intr. with to, for, or inf. in same sense. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 250 Loue techiþ to forȝeue hem and disserue to hem. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. lv, Thou knowist..hov muche tribulacion deseruiþ to purge þe rust of my vices. c1460Bp. Grossetest's Househ. Stat. in Babees Bk. (1868) 330 The vessels deseruyng for ale and wyne. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 109 b, For these vertues..deserueth to the gyfte of pite, and thexercyse of them disposeth..man to the perfeccyon of the same.
†6. trans. To give in return for service rendered; to pay back, requite. Obs.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1624 Medea, My might, ne my labour, May nat disserve it in myn lyvys day. 1393Gower Conf. III. 156 But other, which have nought deserved Through vertue..A king shall nought deserve grace. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. ix, I am moche beholdyng vnto hym, & I haue yll deserued it vnto hym for his kyndenes. 1523–5Ld. Berners Froiss. II. 638 (R.) Whereof we shall thanke you, and deserve it to you and yours. |