| 释义 |
▪ I. stockade, n.|stɒˈkeɪd|
Also 8–9 stoccade, (9 stocade).
[a. F. † estocade, corruption of estacade, a. Sp. estacada: see staccado, stockado.
In the 17th c. the Fr. word was occasionally miswritten estocade, by confusion with estocade sword-thrust, stoccado. This may be in part the source of the Eng. form.]
1. A defensive barrier of stakes or piles placed across a harbour or river, around a building, village, and the like; spec. in Fortification, a barricade for entrenchments and redoubts, usually made of timber, furnished with loopholes for gun-fire.
1614Gorges Lucan ii. 77 marg., The like [i.e. a boom across the harbour's mouth] was vsed by the Spaniards before Antwerpe, which they tearmed a Stockade. 1777Mason Eng. Garden ii. 293 As, round some citadel, the engineer Directs his sharp stoccade. 1810Wellington in Gurw. Disp. (1838) VI. 11 To secure effectually the breach on the left of the line..by a stockade. 1812J. Henry Camp. agst. Quebec 19 The Fort..consisted of old Block-houses and a stocade. 1834–47J. S. Macaulay Field Fortif. (1851) 92 Of Stoccades. If the work were a lunette, a stoccade, or strong palisade may be placed across the ditch. 1852Doveton Burmese War i. 19 Rangoon..presented an assemblage of fragile bamboo tenements..encircled by a wooden fence,..known to us by the name of a ‘stockade’. 1865Livingstone Zambesi xxvii. 557 On the 11th October we arrived at the stockade of Chinsamba. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 162 Stoccades are formidable parapets constructed entirely of wood in situations not exposed to artillery fire... Ordinary stoccades consist of a row of upright timbers 12 or 14 inches in diameter, and from 10 to 15 feet in length. 1892G. Philips Text Bk. Fortif. (ed. 5) 74 A Stockade is a defensible rifle proof wall, made usually of timber or railway iron, and provided with loopholes to fire from.
2. transf.
a. (See quot.)
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Stockade, a fortification or fence of pointed stakes, in New Zealand called a pah; a cattle-pen.
b. Hydraul. Engin. A row of piles serving as a breakwater or as a protection to an embankment.
1891Century Dict. 1895Daily News 21 Mar. 5/3 One of the gales of February..destroyed 3,000 square yards of the stockade between Willop and Dymchurch.
c. A prison, esp. a military one.
1865Atlantic Monthly Mar. 286/2 ‘Is it a pen?’.. ‘Yes, yours,’ retorted one of the guard, with a grin,—‘the Stockade Prison.’ 1882W. D. Hay Brighter Britain! I. 23 A man..on a subsequent conviction, might be sent to the Stockade (prison) without the option of a fine. 1905W. E. B. Du Bois Souls of Black Folk vii. 126 The high whitewashed fence of the ‘stockade,’ as the county prison [Dougherty, Georgia, U.S.] is called. 1906Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 16 Jan. 2/5 [Two men] will be sent to the convict stockade on the islands in the tropics off the coast. 1945Richmond (Va.) News-Leader 10 Oct. 8/1 ‘Stockade’ in army language is synonymous with jail. 1979P. Gosling Zero Trap xix. 191 ‘What's a glasshouse?’.. ‘A prison,’ Skinner explained... ‘The stockade,’ Laura amplified. ‘That's what they call it in the [U.S.] Army.’
3. attrib. and Comb., as stockade timber, stockade work; stockade-like adj.; stockade fort [fort n.1 1 c] Brit. N. Amer. and U.S., a fortified trading station; stockade tambour (cf. tambour n. 6).
1756Washington Lett. Writ. 1889 I. 397, I am directed to evacuate all the *stockade forts. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. (1861) 65 The land being thus fairly purchased of the Indians,..a stockade fort and trading house were forthwith erected.
1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 337/1 A *stockade-like inclosure.
1892G. Philips Text Bk. Fortif. (ed. 5) 164 A *stockade tambour may be from 6 to 9 feet broad inside, and long enough for three or four men firing each way.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. II. 129/2 This brings the loopholes close to the ground, and exposes as little as possible of the *stoccade timbers.
Ibid., As a rule the side and front walls are constructed of *stoccade work.
▪ II. stockade, v.|stɒˈkeɪd|
[f. stockade n.]
trans. To protect or fortify with a stockade. Also with advs. in, off, round.
1755T. Forbes in C. Gist's Jrnls. (1893) 150 This Fort was composed of four Houses built by way of Bastions and the intermediate Space stockaded. 1775Adair Amer. Ind. 183 Having placed the dead on a high scaffold stockaded round. 1811Wellington in Gurw. Disp. (1838) VII. 413 The breach at Badajoz can scarcely be more than stockaded. 1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! xxi, We must..stockade a camp, and get our sick and provisions thither. 1864Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xvi. xiv. IV. 474 Who landed, accordingly, on that rough shore; [and] stockaded themselves in. 1893F. C. Selous Trav. S.E. Africa 297 João's town was well built and very strongly stockaded. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 148 A sweetly amicable style for factories, who as a rule firmly stockade themselves off from their next door neighbours.
Hence stoˈckading vbl. n., the action of the verb; also, concr. stockade-work.
1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! xxi, I know nought about stockading; but Sir Francis would have given the same counsel. 1881Mrs. C. Praed Policy & P. I. 59 Rough stockading..divided the settlers' paddocks from the road. 1897Henty On Irrawaddy 175 Even the women had been compelled to labour in the work of stockading. |