| 释义 |
WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024backed (bakt),USA pronunciation adj. - having a back, backing, setting, or support (often used in combination):a low-backed sofa.
- Textiles(of fabric) having an extra set of threads in either the warp or the weft to provide added warmth. Cf. double cloth.
- Photography(of a film or plate) coated with a substance for absorbing light and thereby reducing halation.
- 1350–1400; Middle English; see back1, -ed3
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: backed /bækt/ adj - having a back or backing
- (in combination): high-backed, black-backed
back1 /bæk/USA pronunciation n. [countable]- the rear part of the human body from the neck to the end of the spine.
- Anatomythe part of an animal's body corresponding to the human back:stroked her dog on the back.
- the part that forms the back or reverse of an object or structure:I sat at the back of the room.
- the spine;
backbone: broke his back. - a player, as in football, stationed to the rear of front-line play.
v. - [ ~ + obj] to support, as with money: We'll back his plan if you do.
- [ ~ + obj] to bet on: to back a horse in a race.
- to (cause to) move backward: [no obj ]:She backed slowly into the garage.[ ~ + obj]:He backed the truck to the platform.
- [ ~ + obj] to furnish with or be a back for:backed the picture with cardboard.
- [ ~ + onto + obj] to lie at the back of something:The house backs onto the river.
- back down or off, [no obj ] to give up an argument or position:backed down from her stubborn refusal.
- back out, [no obj ] to fail to keep a promise;
withdraw:Don't try to back out of the deal. - back up,
- to bring or come to a complete stop or standstill: [ ~ + up + obj;
usually passive]:Traffic is backed up to the bridge.[no obj ]:Traffic backed up quickly because of the accident. - to (cause to) become clogged due to a stoppage: [no obj]:The sink backs up almost every week.[ ~ + up + obj]:That garbage will back up your septic tank.
- Computing[ ~ + up + obj ] to copy (a computer file or program) as a precaution against failure.
adj. - [before a noun] situated at or in the rear:the back door.
- [before a noun] far away;
remote:The farmer didn't plant the back pasture. - [before a noun] of or belonging to the past: the back issues of a magazine.
- [before a noun] owed from an earlier time;
overdue: She was rehired and given back pay.
adv. - at, to, or toward the rear;
backward: Please step back. - in, at, or toward an original starting place, time, or condition: He went back to his home town. Put your coat back on.
Idioms- back and forth,
- backward and forward;
to and fro:pacing back and forth while I waited for the news.
- Idioms behind one's back, without one's knowledge;
They talked about me behind my back. - Idioms get one's back up, [no obj] to become annoyed;
take offense:Don't get your back up; it was just a joke. - go back on, [ ~ + obj]
- to fail to keep:Several times he went back on his word.
- to be disloyal to;
betray:She went back on her friend.
- Idioms (in) back of, at the rear of;
behind:There's a small garden in back of the house.
Although some people object to the use of in back of with the meaning "behind,'' it is fully established as standard in American English and appears in all types of speech and writing: The car was parked in back of the house. WordReference Random House Unabridged Dictionary of American English © 2024back1 (bak),USA pronunciation n. - Anatomythe rear part of the human body, extending from the neck to the lower end of the spine.
- Anatomythe part of the body of animals corresponding to the human back.
- the rear portion of any part of the body:the back of the head.
- the whole body, with reference to clothing:the clothes on his back.
- ability for labor;
effort;
endurance:He put his back into the task. - the part opposite to or farthest from the front;
the rear part:the back of a hall. - the part that forms the rear of any object or structure:the back of a chair.
- the part that covers the back:the back of a jacket.
- the spine or backbone:The fall broke his back.
- any rear part of an object serving to support, protect, etc.:the back of a binder.
- Nautical, Naval Termsthe forward side of a propeller blade (opposed to face).
- [Aeron.]the top part or upper surface of an aircraft, esp. of its fuselage.
- [Bookbinding.]the edge of a book formed where its sections are bound together.
- the backs, grounds along the River Cam in back of certain colleges at Cambridge University in England: noted for their great beauty.
- Architectureextrados.
- [Carpentry.]
- Buildingthe upper side of a joist, rafter, handrail, etc.
- Buildingthe area of interior wall between a window stool and the floor.
- Miningthe roof of a stope or drift.
- Sport
- a player whose regular position is behind that of players who make initial contact with the opposing team, as behind the forward line in football or nearest the player's own goal in polo.
- the position occupied by this player.
- Idioms be flat on one's back:
- Idiomsto be helpless or beaten:He's flat on his back after a long succession of failures.
- Idiomsto be confined to one's bed because of illness.
- Idioms behind one's back, in one's absence;
without one's knowledge;
treacherously;
secretly:I'd rather talk to him about it directly than discuss it behind his back. - Idioms break someone's back, to cause a person to fail, esp. to cause to become bankrupt:His family's extravagance is breaking his back.
- Idioms break the back of:
- to complete the principal or hardest part of (a project, one's work, etc.):He finally broke the back of the problem.
- to overcome;
defeat:They broke the back of our union.
- Idioms, Informal Terms get off one's back, [Informal.]to cease to find fault with or to disturb someone:The fight started when they wouldn't get off my back.
- Informal Terms, Idioms get one's back up, to become annoyed;
take offense:She gets her back up whenever someone mentions her family's influence. - Idioms have one's back to the wall, to be in a difficult or hopeless situation.
- Idioms in back of, behind:He hid in back of the billboard. What could be in back of his strange behavior?Also, back of.
- Informal Terms, Idioms on one's back, finding fault with or disturbing someone:The boss is always on my back about promptness.
- Idioms pat on the back. See pat 1 (defs. 6, 10).
- Idioms stab in the back. See stab (def. 13).
- Idioms turn one's back on:
- to forsake or neglect:He was unable to turn his back on any suffering creature.
- to leave behind, as in anger.
v.t. - to support, as with authority, influence, help, or money (often fol. by up):to back a candidate; to back up a theory with facts.
- to bet on:to back a horse in the race.
- to cause to move backward (often fol. by up):to back a car.
- to furnish with a back:to back a book.
- to lie at the back of;
form a back or background for:a beach backed by hills. - to provide with an accompaniment:a singer backed by piano and bass.
- to get upon the back of;
mount. - to write or print on the back of;
endorse;
countersign. - [Carpentry.]to attach strips of wood to the upper edge of (a joist or rafter) to bring it to a desired level.
- Nautical, Naval Terms
- to alter the position of (a sail) so that the wind will strike the forward face.
- to brace (yards) in backing a sail.
- to reinforce the hold of (an anchor) by means of a smaller one attached to it and dropped farther away.
v.i. - to go or move backward (often fol. by up).
- Nautical(of wind) to change direction counterclockwise (opposed to veer).
- Nautical back and fill:
- Naval Terms[Naut.]to trim the sails of a boat so that the wind strikes them first on the forward and then on the after side.
- Idiomsto change one's opinion or position;
vacillate.
- Dialect Terms, Idioms back and forth, [South Midland U.S.]
- to go back and forth, as in running errands or visiting:He spent the day backing and forthing to the post office.
- to work in an aimless or ineffective way;
expend effort with little result.
- back away, to retreat;
withdraw:They gradually began to back away from their earlier opinion. - back down, to abandon an argument, opinion, or claim;
withdraw;
retreat:He backed down as soon as a member of the audience challenged his assertion. - back off:
- to back down:Now that the time for action had arrived, it was too late to back off.
- Textilesto reverse (the spindle) in mule spinning prior to winding on the newly spun length of yarn.
- back out or out of, to fail to keep an engagement or promise;
withdraw from;
abandon:Two entrants have backed out of competing in the marathon. You can't back out now. - back up:
- to bring (a stream of traffic) to a standstill:A stalled car backed up traffic for miles.
- [Printing.]to print a sheet again on its other side.
- [Printing.]to fill in (the thin copper shell of an electrotype) with metal in order to strengthen it.
- to move backward:Back up into the garage.
- to reinforce:We backed up the cardboard with slats so it wouldn't fall down.
- to support or confirm:He backed up my story and they let us go.
- Computingto duplicate (a file or a program) as a precaution against failure.
- back up for, [Australian Informal.]to return for more of, as another helping of food.
- Nautical back water:
- [Naut.]to reverse the direction of a vessel.
- Idiomsto retreat from a position;
withdraw an opinion:I predict that the council will back water on the tax issue.
adj. - situated at or in the rear:at the back door; back fence.
- far away or removed from the front or main area, position, or rank;
remote:back settlements. - belonging to the past:back files; back issues.
- in arrears;
overdue:back pay. - coming or going back;
moving backward:back current. - Nautical, Naval Terms[Navig.]reciprocal (def. 7).
- Phonetics(of a speech sound) produced with the tongue articulating in the back part of the mouth, as in either of the sounds of go.
- Indo-European *bhogo- bending; compare bacon
- bef. 1000; Middle English bak, Old English bæc back of the body; cognate with Old Frisian bek, Old Saxon, Old Norse bak; perh.
- 31.See corresponding entry in Unabridged sustain, abet, favor, assist; countenance, endorse.
- 41.See corresponding entry in Unabridged retire, retreat, withdraw.
- 52.See corresponding entry in Unabridged Back, hind, posterior, rear refer to something situated behind something else. Back means the opposite of front:back window.Hind, and the more formal word posterior, suggest the rearmost of two or more often similar objects:hind legs; posterior lobe.Rear is used of buildings, conveyances, etc., and in military language it is the opposite of fore:rear end of a truck; rear echelon.
- 1, 52.See corresponding entry in Unabridged front.
26. Although some object to their use, the phrases in back of and the shorter--and much older--back of with the meaning "behind'' are fully established as standard in American English:The car was parked (in) back of the house. Both phrases occur in all types of speech and writing. back2 (bak),USA pronunciation adv. - at, to, or toward the rear;
backward:to step back. - in or toward the past:to look back on one's youth; They met in Chicago back in 1976.
- at or toward the original starting point, place, or condition:to go back to the old neighborhood.
- in direct payment or return:to pay back a loan; to answer back.
- in a state of restraint or retention:to hold back the tears; to hold back salary.
- in a reclining position:to lean back; to lie back.
- Idioms back and forth, from side to side;
to and fro;
from one to the other:The pendulum of the grandfather clock swung back and forth. - Dialect Terms, Idioms back yonder, [Chiefly South Midland U.S.]formerly;
many years ago:Back yonder, when I was a boy, things were different. - go back on:
- to be treacherous or faithless to;
betray:to go back on friends. - to fail to keep;
renege on:to go back on promises.
- aphetic variant of aback 1480–90
- a large tub, vat, or cistern used by dyers, brewers, distillers, etc., to hold liquids.
- a broad-beamed ferryboat hauled across a body of water by a rope or chain.
- Late Latin bacca water container; compare French bac ferryboat, punt. See basin.
- Dutch bak tub, trough
- 1685–95
Collins Concise English Dictionary © HarperCollins Publishers:: back /bæk/ n - the posterior part of the human body, extending from the neck to the pelvis
- the corresponding or upper part of an animal
- the spinal column
- the part or side of an object opposite the front
- the part or side of anything less often seen or used
- the part or side of anything that is furthest from the front or from a spectator: the back of the stage
- something that supports, covers, or strengthens the rear of an object
- a mainly defensive player behind a forward
- the position of such a player
- the part of a book to which the pages are glued or that joins the covers
- at the back of one's mind ⇒ not in one's conscious thoughts
- behind one's back ⇒ without one's knowledge; secretly or deceitfully
- break one's back ⇒ to overwork or work very hard
- break the back of ⇒ to complete the greatest or hardest part of (a task)
- get off someone's back ⇒ informal to stop criticizing or pestering someone
- put one's back into ⇒ to devote all one's strength to (a task)
- put someone's back up, get someone's back up ⇒ to annoy someone
- back of beyond ⇒ the back of beyond ⇒ a very remote place
- turn one's back on ⇒ to turn away from in anger or contempt
- to refuse to help; abandon
vb (mainly tr)- (also intr) to move or cause to move backwards
- to provide support, money, or encouragement for (a person, enterprise, etc)
- to bet on the success of: to back a horse
- to provide with a back, backing, or lining
- to provide with a music accompaniment
- to countersign or endorse
- (intr; followed by on or onto) to have the back facing (towards): the house backs onto a river
- (intransitive) (of the wind) to change direction in an anticlockwise direction in the northern hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the southern
See veer
adj (prenominal)- situated behind
- of the past: back issues of a magazine
- owing from an earlier date: back rent
- chiefly US Austral NZ remote: back country
- (of a road) not direct
- of, relating to, or denoting a vowel articulated with the tongue retracted towards the soft palate, as for the vowels in English hard, fall, hot, full, fool
adv - at, to, or towards the rear; away from something considered to be the front; backwards; behind
- in, to, or towards the original starting point, place, or condition: to go back home, put the book back, my headache has come back
- in or into the past: to look back on one's childhood
- in reply, repayment, or retaliation: to hit someone back, pay back a debt, to answer back
- in check: the dam holds back the water
- in concealment; in reserve: to keep something back, to hold back information
- back and forth ⇒ to and fro
- back to front ⇒ in reverse
- in disorder
See also back down, back off, back out, back upEtymology: Old English bæc; related to Old Norse bak, Old Frisian bek, Old High German bah |