CSM

meningitis

[men″in-ji´tis] (pl. meningi´tides) inflammation of the meninges," >meninges, usually by either a bacterium (bacterial m.) or a virus (viral m.). When it affects the dura mater it is termed pachymeningitis; when the arachnoid and pia mater are involved, it is called leptomeningitis. The term meningitis does not refer to a specific disease entity but rather to the pathologic condition of inflammation of the tissues of the meninges. The etiologic agent can be anything that activates an response" >inflammatory response, including both pathogenic and nonpathogenic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi; chemical toxins such as lead and arsenic; contrast media used in myelography; and metastatic malignant cells. Enteroviruses are the most common causes of aseptic meningitis.Bacterial Meningitis. This form occurs when pathogenic bacteria enter the subarachnoid space and cause a pyogenic inflammatory response. The most common causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus), and Haemophilus influenzae, which are responsible for approximately 70 per cent of all cases. The incidence is age-related. In adults, S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis cause most of the cases; in children aged 1 month to 15 years, N. meningitidis and H. influenzae predominate; in neonates less than 1 month old, the disease is usually a nosocomial infection with gram-negative enteric bacilli.
Almost all bacterial infections of the meninges enter the nervous system after having invaded and infected another region of the body and then are spread by local extension, as from the sinuses, or through the blood, as in septicemia. The organisms gain access to the ventriculosubarachnoid spaces and the cerebrospinal fluid where they cause irritation of the tissues bathed by the fluid.
Bacterial meningitis typically begins with headache, nausea and vomiting, stiff neck (nuchal rigidity), and chills and fever. Irritability and confusion occur early in the course of the disease, and convulsive seizures occur in about 25 per cent of patients. As the disease progresses the patient becomes less rational, has decreasing levels of consciousness, and lapses into coma. Inability to straighten the knee when the hip is flexed (a positive kernig's sign" >kernig's sign) and involuntary flexing of the hip and knee when the neck is flexed forward (a positive brudzinski's sign" >brudzinski's sign) are indicative of meningeal irritation.
A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is verified by isolation of the organism from a specimen of cerebrospinal fluid obtained by lumbar puncture. Treatment with the appropriate antibacterial agent is begun at once to reduce the numbers of proliferating bacteria attacking the central nervous system. Supportive measures include rest, maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, and prevention or control of convulsions with anticonvulsant drugs.
The prognosis is generally good, especially for meningococcal meningitis in which residual neurologic deficits and persistent convulsive seizures are rare. Pneumococcal meningitis and meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae are more likely to be complicated by these sequelae as well as by septic shock and hydrocephalus.Benign Viral Meningitis. This term encompasses a group of disorders in which there is some meningeal irritation but no pyogenic organism can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid. It is, therefore, called also aseptic meningitis complex, which is somewhat misleading because the meningeal irritation often follows infection with the mumps virus or with one of the picornaviruses.
The patient with this disorder typically complains of headache and signs characteristic of meningeal irritation, intolerance to light, and pain when the eyes are moved from side to side. Most of the symptoms are mild, and treatment is largely supportive and symptomatic; the disease is self-limiting.Patient Care. Assessment of the patient with meningitis includes monitoring vital signs, neurologic status, and fluid and electrolyte status. The plan of care should include provisions for rest and relief from discomfort, a quiet and nonstimulating environment, protection from injury during convulsions, control of elevated body temperature, and isolation precautions as indicated by the specific causative organism. In general, enteric precautions are indicated for patients with aseptic meningitis caused by an enterovirus. Fungal and meningococcal meningitis require respiratory precautions. Antibiotics must be given precisely as ordered so as to avoid further damage to the central nervous system. Early signs of increased intracranial pressure from brain edema are reported promptly so that measures to reduce pressure can be taken as soon as possible. During the acute phase and convalescence the patient is watched for signs of complications such as septic shock, vascular collapse, and hydrocephalus. Nutritional status must be maintained throughout the course of illness to reinforce the patient's natural resources for combating infection and recovering from its deleterious effects.

Portals of entry resulting in meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and intracranial mass lesions. From Mahon and Manuselis, 2000.aseptic meningitis any of several mild types of meningitis, most of which are caused by viruses; see meningitis" >viral meningitis.bacterial meningitis meningitis caused by bacteria; common pathogens are Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Some types may be serious, acute, or even fulminating. See also meningitis" >viral meningitis.cerebrospinal meningitis an inflammation of the brain and spinal cord; it may be caused by any of numerous different organisms.epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis an acute infectious disease with seropurulent inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, due to infection by Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus). It usually occurs in epidemics, and symptoms are those of acute cerebral and spinal meningitis. There is also usually an eruption of erythematous, herpetic, or hemorrhagic spots on the skin. The fulminating or malignant form is known as Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.spinal meningitis inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord.viral meningitis meningitis due to any of various viruses, such as a coxsackievirus or the virus" >mumps virus, with lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. It usually has a short uncomplicated course characterized by malaise, fever, headache, stiffness of neck and back, and nausea. See also meningitis" >aseptic meningitis.

CSM

Abbreviation for:
care-systems management
carotid sinus massage
cause-specific mortality
cerebrospinal meningitis
cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Christian Socialist Movement (!) (Medspeak-UK)
circular smooth muscle
clinical supply management
Committee on the Safety of Medicines (Medspeak-UK)
confined-space medicine
Consolidated Standards Manual
corn-soy milk
coronary smooth muscle

CSM

Abbrev. for COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES.

CSM

Acronym	Definition
CSM➣Command Sergeant Major (US Army)
CSM➣Chopped Strand Mat (glass-reinforced plastics)
CSM➣Central Saint Martins (UK college of art and design)
CSM➣Chadwell St. Mary (Essex; UK)
CSM➣College of San Mateo
CSM➣Colorado School of Mines (Golden, Colorado)
CSM➣Christian Science Monitor (publication)
CSM➣College of Southern Maryland
CSM➣College of Saint Mary (Omaha, NE)
CSM➣Content Switching Module (Cisco networking)
CSM➣Chasse sous Marine (French: Spearfishing)
CSM➣Client Services Manager (various organizations)
CSM➣Come See Me
CSM➣Chaos Space Marines (Warhammer 40k gaming)
CSM➣Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura (Italy)
CSM➣Customer Service Manager
CSM➣Columbia St. Mary's (hospital; Wisconsin)
CSM➣Conseil Supérieur de la Magistrature
CSM➣Certified Scrummaster
CSM➣Conceptual Site Model
CSM➣Common Safety Method (various locations)
CSM➣Customer Service Management
CSM➣Committee on Safety of Medicines (UK)
CSM➣Coffee Shop Manager
CSM➣Centre de Stockage de la Manche (French radioactive waste depository)
CSM➣Common Sense Media
CSM➣Civil Society Media (various locations)
CSM➣Community Service Manager
CSM➣Client Server Messaging
CSM➣Central Site Modem
CSM➣Compatibility Support Module
CSM➣Class Specific Method
CSM➣Character Studio Motion Capture
CSM➣Content Security Manager
CSM➣Cisco Security Manager
CSM➣Content Services Module
CSM➣Causality Stack Manager
CSM➣Common Semantic Model
CSM➣Character Studio Marker
CSM➣Configuration Service Manager
CSM➣Central Site Management
CSM➣Communication Session Manager
CSM➣Cisco Services Modules
CSM➣Continuing Software Maintenance
CSM➣Channel Selector Module
CSM➣Computer Systems Manufacturing
CSM➣Certified Security and Safety Manager
CSM➣Computer Science and Mathematics
CSM➣Cascaded Shadow Mapping
CSM➣Code Set Map
CSM➣Cisco Service Management
CSM➣Content Switching Module
CSM➣Call Switching Module
CSM➣Cluster Systems Management
CSM➣Catalyst Switch Manager
CSM➣Command and Service Module
CSM➣Caching Services Module
CSM➣Client Side Session Management
CSM➣Certificate in Safety Management (British Safety Council; UK)
CSM➣Cape Santa Maria (Bahamas)
CSM➣Cantiga de Santa Maria (13th-century Galician canticle)
CSM➣Conspicuous Service Medal (military decoration; Australia)
CSM➣Certified Safety Manager
CSM➣Construction Science and Management (various schools)
CSM➣Content Security Manager (software)
CSM➣Command and Service Module (Apollo Program)
CSM➣Canadian Society of Microbiologists
CSM➣College of Science and Mathematics
CSM➣Command Service Module (NASA)
CSM➣Certified Survey Map
CSM➣Colonial Society of Massachusetts (est. 1892)
CSM➣Club Sportif Moulien (Guadeloupe sport club)
CSM➣Content Storage Management (computing technique)
CSM➣Crime Scene Management (forensics)
CSM➣Cigarette Smoking Man (X-files)
CSM➣Company Sergeant Major
CSM➣Company Sergeant Major (British, Canadian)
CSM➣Common Standards Monitoring
CSM➣Centralized Security Management (software)
CSM➣Cisco Security Manager (Cisco)
CSM➣Council of Student Members (American College of Physicians)
CSM➣Canadian Ski Marathon
CSM➣Computer-Assisted Survey Methods
CSM➣Camborne School of Mines (UK)
CSM➣Certified Shopping Center Manager
CSM➣Client Server Messaging (Trend Micro)
CSM➣Cluster System Management
CSM➣Climate System Model
CSM➣Coal Seam Methane
CSM➣Council of the Southern Mountains (1912-1989)
CSM➣Center for Strategic Management (Maryland)
CSM➣Cottonseed Meal
CSM➣Computational Structural Mechanics
CSM➣Customer Support Manager
CSM➣Central Sun Mining, Inc. (Nicaragua)
CSM➣Caribbean Single Market
CSM➣Control Strip Module (plug-in for Macintosh)
CSM➣Convention Services Manager
CSM➣Cerebrospinal Meningitis
CSM➣Compatibility Support Module (EFI)
CSM➣Condom Social Marketing
CSM➣Curriculum Support Materials (education)
CSM➣Certified in Supply Management (Institute for Supply Management)
CSM➣Continuous Service Manager (software)
CSM➣Complex Statistical Models
CSM➣Central Server Model (computing)
CSM➣Custodial Sexual Misconduct (prison law; various locations)
CSM➣Complete Service Management (various companies)
CSM➣Child Support Maintenance (claim)
CSM➣Certified Strategic Manager
CSM➣Competitive Semiconductor Manufacturing (University of California, Berkeley)
CSM➣Clearing & Settlement Mechanism (payment system)
CSM➣Chaudronnerie Soudure Maintenance (French: Boilermaking Welding Maintenance)
CSM➣Centre Service Métaux (French: Metals Service Center)
CSM➣Cell-Site Modem
CSM➣Certified Software Manager (Software Publishers Association)
CSM➣Creative Sales Marketing
CSM➣CompuSmart (computer company)
CSM➣Center for Systems Management (Vienna, VA)
CSM➣Chinese Society for Metals (Beijing, China)
CSM➣Computer Software Management
CSM➣California Surf Museum
CSM➣Conventional Strike Missile (US DoD)
CSM➣Counter-Strike Manager (gaming)
CSM➣Civil Society Movement (Liberia)
CSM➣Club Subaquatique de Mayenne (French: Underwater Club of Mayenne; Mayenne, France)
CSM➣Canberra School of Music (Canberra, Australia)
CSM➣Centre Sécurité Multipoints (French: Multipoint Safety Center; est. 1994)
CSM➣Cognitive and Systematic Musicology (Ohio State University)
CSM➣Cargo Securing Manual (maritime)
CSM➣Cercle Sportif Marseille (French sports club)
CSM➣Centre for Software Maintenance (now RISE, Uof Durham, UK)
CSM➣Circumstellar Material
CSM➣Carpinteria Salt Marsh Reserve (California)
CSM➣Customer Satisfaction Manager
CSM➣Company Stage Manager (theater)
CSM➣Community Safety Month (Australia)
CSM➣Computer Supermarket
CSM➣Centre for Social Marketing (University of Strathclyde, UK)
CSM➣Customer Service Measurement
CSM➣Code Security Module
CSM➣Chambre Syndicale Métallurgie (French: Metallurgy Union Chamber)
CSM➣Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP (law firm)
CSM➣Carlos Saúl Menem (former Argentinan president)
CSM➣Certified Support Manager (Service & Support Professionals Association)
CSM➣Cyberdyne Systems Model (Terminator)
CSM➣cubic feet per second per square mile
CSM➣Call Supervision Message (CCS #7 & ITU-T)
CSM➣cortical stimulation mapping
CSM➣Catholic Services of Macomb (Michigan)
CSM➣Cryptographic Service Message
CSM➣Cross-Spectral Metric
CSM➣Cooperating Security Manager
CSM➣Cross Spectral Matrix
CSM➣Circulation, Sensation, Movement (injury evaluation)
CSM➣Cambridge Sound Management
CSM➣Critical Situation Management (Marysville, PA)
CSM➣Common Signaling Mode
CSM➣Canadian School of Management
CSM➣Club Seghe Mentali (Italian)
CSM➣Combined Symbol Matching
CSM➣Constant Speed Motor
CSM➣Corporate Security Manager
CSM➣Communications Support Module
CSM➣Computer System Manager
CSM➣Continuous Signature Monitoring
CSM➣Call Switching Mode (Cisco)
CSM➣Character Studio Motion (proprietory file format)
CSM➣Country-Specific Meeting (United Nations)
CSM➣Computer Status Matrix (US NASA)
CSM➣Commission for Synoptic Meteorology
CSM➣Congress and Seminar Management
CSM➣Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing (WiMAX)
CSM➣Class-Specific Method
CSM➣Cold Sky Mirror
CSM➣Call Switch Module (Cisco)
CSM➣Common Support Module (US NASA)
CSM➣Corporate Systems Modernization
CSM➣Chief of Staff Memorandum
CSM➣Communications Search Mode (Beagle 2)
CSM➣Corrupt Society Magazine
CSM➣Cost and Schedule Management
CSM➣Coor Service Management (Swedish company)
CSM➣Compartmented Security Mode
CSM➣Colegio San Miguel (Guatemalan School)
CSM➣Compression System Manager (video headend)
CSM➣Centralized System Management (AT&T)
CSM➣Combat System Technical Operations Manual
CSM➣Command Storage Memory
CSM➣Chemical Surety Materials
CSM➣Cell Service Module
CSM➣Channel Supervision Message (Sprint)
CSM➣Capacitor Start Motor
CSM➣Customer Success Methodology
CSM➣Combined Security Mechanism
CSM➣Cafeteria-Style Management
CSM➣Channel Selector Module (Ciena)
CSM➣Color, Sensation, Movement (orthopedics examination)
CSM➣Citizen Service Management
CSM➣Corporate Solution Manager
CSM➣Chenault Space Module
CSM➣Condensed Skim Milk
CSM➣Computerized Structural Mechanics
CSM➣Computer Software Module
CSM➣Center Switch Module (Telabs)
CSM➣Central, Steady and Maintained Fixation (eye position)
CSM➣Control Status Maintenance
CSM➣Core Switching Matrix
CSM➣Core Sync Module (Symmetricom)
CSM➣Communications Session Management (Bellcore)
CSM➣Custodial Step-Mom
CSM➣Combined Signal Monitoring
CSM➣Command System Manual
CSM➣Card Services Manager
CSM➣Cycler Shedder Module
CSM➣Command and Staff Manual
CSM➣Control Signal Monitor
CSM➣Classroom Support Module (sub module of US Navy CeTARS, Corporate Enterprise Training Activity Resource Systems)
CSM➣Commercial Switch Module
CSM➣Channel Supervision Module
CSM➣Combined Sensitivity Measure
CSM➣Community Service Movement
CSM➣Centralized Software Management (Nortel)
CSM➣Command Site Map (US Army)
CSM➣Collaborative for Disaster Mitigation
CSM➣Center Stage Module (DSC)
CSM➣Communications Society Magazine
CSM➣Church of Swedish Mission
CSM➣Customer Sector Manager