| 释义 |
diaphragm
diaphragmthe partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals; a contraceptive device worn by a female over the uterine cervix during sexual intercourse
Not to be confused with:diagram – a chart, plan, or schemedi·a·phragm D0199100 (dī′ə-frăm′)n.1. Anatomy A muscular membranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration. Also called midriff.2. A membranous part that divides or separates.3. A thin disk, especially in a microphone or telephone receiver, that vibrates in response to sound waves to produce electric signals, or that vibrates in response to electric signals to produce sound waves.4. A contraceptive device consisting of a thin flexible disk, usually made of rubber, that is designed to cover the uterine cervix to prevent the entry of sperm during sexual intercourse.5. A disk having a fixed or variable opening used to restrict the amount of light traversing a lens or optical system.
[Middle English diafragma, from Late Latin diaphragma, midriff, from Greek, partition, from diaphrassein, to barricade : dia-, intensive pref.; see dia- + phrassein, phrag-, to enclose.]
di′a·phrag·mat′ic (-frăg-măt′ĭk) adj.di′a·phrag·mat′i·cal·ly adv.diaphragm (ˈdaɪəˌfræm) n1. (Anatomy) anatomy any separating membrane, esp the dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities in mammals. 2. (Gynaecology & Obstetrics) a circular rubber or plastic contraceptive membrane placed over the mouth of the uterine cervix before copulation to prevent entrance of sperm3. any thin dividing membrane4. (Photography) Also called: stop a disc with a fixed or adjustable aperture to control the amount of light or other radiation entering an optical instrument, such as a camera5. (Telecommunications) a thin disc that vibrates when receiving or producing sound waves, used to convert sound signals to electrical signals or vice versa in telephones, etc6. (Chemistry) chem a. a porous plate or cylinder dividing an electrolytic cell, used to permit the passage of ions and prevent the mixing of products formed at the electrodesb. a semipermeable membrane used to separate two solutions in osmosis7. (Botany) botany a transverse plate of cells that occurs in the stems of certain aquatic plants[C17: from Late Latin diaphragma, from Greek, from dia- + phragma fence] diaphragmatic adj ˌdiaphragˈmatically advdi•a•phragm (ˈdaɪ əˌfræm)
n. 1. a wall of muscle and connective tissue separating two cavities, esp. the partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals. 2. a. a porous plate separating two liquids. b. a semipermeable membrane. 3. a thin disk that vibrates when receiving or producing sound waves, as in a telephone or microphone. 4. a thin, dome-shaped device usu. of rubber for wearing over the uterine cervix during sexual intercourse to prevent conception. 5. a plate with a hole in the center or a ring that is placed on the axis of an optical instrument, as a camera, and that controls the amount of light entering the instrument. v.t. 6. to furnish with a diaphragm. [1350–1400; < Late Latin diaphragma < Greek diáphragma the diaphragm, midriff =dia- dia- + phrágma a fence] di`a•phrag•mat′ic (-frægˈmæt ɪk) adj. di`a•phrag•mat′i•cal•ly, adv. di·a·phragm (dī′ə-frăm′)1. A muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and expands, it forces air into and out of the lungs.2. A thin, flexible disk, especially in a microphone or telephone receiver, that vibrates in response to sound waves to produce electrical signals, or that vibrates in response to electrical signals to produce sound waves.diaphragmThe physical element of an optical system which regulates the quantity of light traversing the system. The quantity of light determines the brightness of the image without affecting the size of the image.diaphragm
A muscular sheet used in breathing. It separates the thorax and abdomen.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  diaphragm - a mechanical device in a camera that controls size of aperture of the lens; "the new cameras adjust the diaphragm automatically"stopcamera, photographic camera - equipment for taking photographs (usually consisting of a lightproof box with a lens at one end and light-sensitive film at the other)iris diaphragm, iris - diaphragm consisting of thin overlapping plates that can be adjusted to change the diameter of a central openingmechanical device - mechanism consisting of a device that works on mechanical principles | | 2. |  diaphragm - (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respirationmidrifftissue layer, membrane - a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects the organs or cells of animals or plantsmuscle system, muscular structure, musculature - the muscular system of an organismtorso, trunk, body - the body excluding the head and neck and limbs; "they moved their arms and legs and bodies"anatomy, general anatomy - the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals | | 3. |  diaphragm - a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup made of rubber or plastic; it is filled with spermicide and fitted over the uterine cervixcontraceptive diaphragm, pessarybirth control device, contraceptive, contraceptive device, prophylactic device, preventative, preventive - an agent or device intended to prevent conception | | 4. | diaphragm - electro-acoustic transducer that vibrates to receive or produce sound wavesdisk, disc - a flat circular plateelectro-acoustic transducer - a transducer that converts electrical to acoustic energy or vice versa |
diaphragm nounRelated words
adjective phrenicTranslationsdiaphragm
diaphragm (dī`əfrăm'), term used to describe any of several large muscles, found in humans and other mammals, which separate two adjacent regions of the body. The most commonly known muscle of this class is the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm. In humans, the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm acts as a partition between the cavity of the chest and that of the abdomen. The chief muscle used in respiration, it is relaxed and dome-shaped during exhalation. During inhalation it contracts, pulling downward, and with the combined contraction of the chest muscles allows the chest cavity to expand. Any interference with its free movement, as in the paralysis of poliomyelitis, seriously impedes the function of the lungs and therefore endangers life. In its downward movement the thoraco-abdominal diaphragm also stimulates the stomach and liver and thus aids in the digestive processes. Spasmodic contraction results in hiccupshiccup
or hiccough,
involuntary spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by a sharp intake of air, which is abruptly stopped by a sudden, involuntary closing of the glottis (opening between the vocal cords); the consequent blocking of air produces a repeated
..... Click the link for more information. . The thoraco-abdominal diaphragm is also subject to developmental defects, hernia, injury, displacement, and infection. Other diaphragms in the human body include the pelvic diaphragm and the urogenital diaphragm, which use similar muscular contractions and expansions in their respective functions.diaphragm (dÿ -ă-fram) See stop.DiaphragmA relatively thin element in a structural member, which is capable of withstanding shear in its plane; it stiffens the structural member.Diaphragm the musculotendinous partition that (in mammals and man) divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm provides for diaphragmatic respiration and equalization of pressure in the thoracic and abdominal cavities; it also regulates the outflow of blood from the inferior and superior venae cavae into the right atrium of the heart and the distribution of gases in the cardiac part of the stomach and intestine (cardiac opening). During exhalation the diaphragm protrudes cupola-like into the thoracic cavity: with inhalation it flattens by contracting and thereby increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. The diaphragm has a peripheral muscular part and a central tendinous part. In many insectivorous and predatory mammals the tendinous part of the diaphragm is not well developed. In all mammals the diaphragm has openings through which pass the inferior vena cava; the azygos and hemiazygos veins: the vagus (two branches), phrenic, splanchnic, and sympathetic nerves: and the periaortic plexus. The muscular part of the diaphragm consists of lumbar, costal, and sternal sections. The aorta and esophagus usually pass through openings (in sloths through a single opening) between the internal muscle bundles in the lumbar section of the diaphragm. The muscle bundles, in contracting, prevent the backing up of food from the stomach. In the anthropoid apes and man the pericardium fuses with the upper surface of the diaphragm.
Diaphragm (in Russian, diafragma, also stiffener—see [4] below). In engineering, a part of instruments, machines, mechanisms, and structures; it is usually a plate or partition (with or without an aperture). (1) A measuring diaphragm most often is a disk with an aperture. Along with the venturi and the common nozzle, it serves as one of the standard constricting devices used in industry for measuring the rate of flow of liquids, gases, and vapors passing through a pipe, on the basis of the principle of variable pressure drop. The axis of the diaphragm aperture should coincide with the axis of the pipe. As the substance to be measured passes through the diaphragm, the average rate of flow in the constricted section increases as a result of the conversion of part of the potential energy of pressure into kinetic energy. The static pressure of the flow is lower behind a diaphragm than in front of it. The pressure difference (drop), which is measured by a differential manometer, is proportional to the square of the rate of flow of the flowing substance and serves as a measure of the flow rate. Measuring diaphragms are divided into standard (normal) and nonstandard types. The use of standard diaphragms is governed by special rules. When the flow rate is to be measured under conditions that differ from the conditions established by these rules, nonstandard diaphragms (such as eccentric, segmented, and paired types), which require individual calibration under conditions similar to operating conditions, are used. Depending on the methods of pressure selection, normal diaphragms are divided into the disk type (in the form of a flat disk), with reading of pressure by means of separate pipes, and the chamber type (with ring chambers), for reading pressures in the planes of the diaphragm disk. Normal diaphragms are used in pipes larger than 50 mm in diameter; chamber diaphragms, for pipes up to 500 mm in diameter and for a working pressure of up to 10 meganewtons per sq M (MN/m2), or 100 kilograms-force per sq cm (kgf/cm2); and disk diaphragms, for pipes 450–1,600 mm in diameter and pressures of up to 1.6 MN/m2 (16 kgf/cm2). The relative error of measurement of the flow rate when diaphragms are under favorable conditions (in the absence of additional corrections for viscosity and the roughness of the pipe) ranges from ±0.5 percent to 1.5 percent, and under more severe conditions from ±3 percent to 3.5 percent. REFERENCESKremlevskii, P. P. Raskhodomery, 2nd ed. Moscow-Leningrad, 1963.
Pravila 28–64 izmereniia raskhoda zhidkostei, gazov i parov standartnymi diafragmami i soplami. Moscow, 1964.
Avtomatizatsiia, pribory kontrolia i regulirovaniia proizvodstvennykh protsessov v neftianoi i neftekhimicheskoi promyshlennoist, Spravochnik, book 2. Moscow, 1964.G. G. MIRZABEKOV (2) For optical instruments seeIRIS. (3) In turbines, a diaphragm is a ring partition to which the vanes of the guiding unit are secured. The diaphragms are removable along the horizontal. Diaphragms that operate at temperatures up to 250° C are made from SCh 18–36, SCh 21–40, and SCh 24–44 cast iron; diaphragms operating at high temperatures are made of 15KhM, 20KhM, and 35KhM chromium-molybdenum steel. (4) In hydraulic-engineering structures, a stiffener is a device within the body of earth dams and rock-filled dams; it is made in the form of a vertical wall of concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, or less frequently, wood. It ensures the rigidity of the movable part of the stop gate. V. N. POSPELOV diaphragm[′dī·ə‚fram] (anatomy) The dome-shaped partition composed of muscle and connective tissue that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities in mammals. (electromagnetism) iris (engineering) A thin sheet placed between parallel parts of a member of structural steel to increase its rigidity. (engineering acoustics) A thin, flexible sheet that can be moved by sound waves, as in a microphone, or can produce sound waves when moved, as in a loudspeaker. (optics) Any opening in an optical system which controls the cross section of a beam of light passing through it, to control light intensity, reduce aberration, or increase depth of focus. Also known as lens stop. (physics) A separating wall or membrane, especially one which transmits some substances and forces but not others. In general, any opening, sometimes adjustable in size, which is used to control the flow of a substance or radiation. diaphragm1. A diaphragm plate. 2. A floor slab, metal wall panel, roof panel, or the like, having a sufficiently large in-plane shear stiffness and sufficient strength to transmit horizontal forces to resisting systems.diaphragm i. As applicable to air photogrammetry, a device for varying the amount of light passing through the lens. It is fitted behind, in front of, or between the lenses of cameras. It provides apertures of varying sizes. Any particular size is called a stop, and the act of reducing the aperture is called stepping down.
ii. In accumulators, the portion that divides its two portions—one filled with gas and the other fluid.diaphragm1. Anatomy any separating membrane, esp the dome-shaped muscular partition that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities in mammals 2. Optics a disc with a fixed or adjustable aperture to control the amount of light or other radiation entering an optical instrument, such as a camera 3. Chema. a porous plate or cylinder dividing an electrolytic cell, used to permit the passage of ions and prevent the mixing of products formed at the electrodes b. a semipermeable membrane used to separate two solutions in osmosis 4. Botany a transverse plate of cells that occurs in the stems of certain aquatic plants diaphragm
diaphragm [di´ah-fram] 1. the musculomembranous partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. On its sides it is attached to the six lower ribs, at its front to the sternum, and at its back to the spine. The esophagus, aorta, vena cava, and numerous nerves pass through the diaphragm. When relaxed it is convex, but it flattens as it contracts during inhalation, thereby enlarging the chest cavity and allowing for expansion of the lungs. See also respiration.2. any separating membrane or structure.3. a disk with one or more openings or with an adjustable opening, mounted in relation to a lens or source of radiation, by which part of the light or radiation may be excluded from the area.4. contraceptive diaphragm.contraceptive diaphragm a shallow dome-shaped disk used as a contraceptive, made of a soft plastic material such as latex. Its anterior lip fits behind the symphysis pubis and its posterior lip rests in the posterior fornix. It is used with a spermicide to prevent entrance of spermatozoa into the cervical os. See also contraception.pelvic diaphragm the portion of the floor of the pelvis formed by the coccygeus muscles and the levator ani muscles, and their fascia.polyarcuate diaphragm one showing abnormal scalloping of margins on radiographic visualization.urogenital diaphragm a traditional but no longer valid concept that superior and inferior layers enclose the sphincter urethrae and deep transverse perineal muscles and together form a musculomembranous sheet that extends between the ischiopubic rami.vaginal diaphragm contraceptive diaphragm.di·a·phragm (dī'ă-fram), 1. The musculomembranous partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Synonym(s): diaphragma (2) , interseptum, midriff, phren (1) 2. A thin disc pierced with an opening, used in a microscope, camera, or other optic instrument to shut out the marginal rays of light, thus giving a more direct illumination. 3. A flexible ring covered with a domed sheet of elastic material used in the vagina to prevent pregnancy. 4. In radiography, a grid (2) or a lead sheet with an aperture. [G. diaphragma] diaphragm (dī′ə-frăm′)n.1. Anatomy A muscular membranous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and functioning in respiration. Also called midriff.2. A membranous part that divides or separates.3. A thin disk, especially in a microphone or telephone receiver, that vibrates in response to sound waves to produce electric signals, or that vibrates in response to electric signals to produce sound waves.4. A contraceptive device consisting of a thin flexible disk, usually made of rubber, that is designed to cover the uterine cervix to prevent the entry of sperm during sexual intercourse.5. A disk having a fixed or variable opening used to restrict the amount of light traversing a lens or optical system.
di′a·phrag·mat′ic (-frăg-măt′ĭk) adj.di′a·phrag·mat′i·cal·ly adv.diaphragm A contraceptive device consisting of a thin membranous disk, typically constructed of rubber, which is designed to cover the cervical os and prevent the entry of sperm during sexual intercourse.diaphragm Gynecology A barrier contraceptive consisting of a thin flexible rubber disk that covers the uterine cervix to prevent the entry of sperm during sexual intercoursedi·a·phragm (dī'ă-fram) [TA] 1. The musculomembranous partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
Synonym(s): diaphragma (2) [TA] , midriff. 2. A thin disc pierced with an opening, used in a microscope, camera, or other optic instrument to shut out the marginal rays of light, thus giving a more direct illumination. 3. A flexible ring covered with a dome-shaped sheet of elastic material placed in the vagina to prevent pregnancy. 4. radiography A grid (2). [G. diaphragma]diaphragm (di'a-fram?) [Gr. diaphragma, a partition] 1. A thin membrane as is used for dialysis.2. In microscopy, an apparatus located beneath the opening in the stage and permitting regulation of the amount of light passing through the object. CONTRACEPTIVE DIAPHRAGM3. A rubber or plastic cup that fits over the cervix uteri, used for contraceptive purposes. See: illustration MOVEMENT OF RIB CAGE AND DIAPHRAGM DURING RESPIRATION: A. Inspiration: Air drawn into lungs; B. Expiration: Air forced out of lungs4. The dome-shaped skeletal muscle that separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity with its convexity upward. It contracts to promote inhalation, flattening downward and permitting the lungs to expand. It relaxes to promote exhalation, rising to its dome-shaped position and compressing the lungs. The origin of the diaphragm is the xiphoid process, the lower six costal cartilages, and the lumbar vertebrae. The diaphragm is directly superior to the liver, the stomach, the spleen, the adrenal glands, and the kidneys; the right side is slightly higher than the left. See: illustration; Boerhaave syndrome Bucky diaphragm See: Bucky, Gustav P.hernia of diaphragmA congenital or traumatic protrusion of abdominal contents through the diaphragm.pelvic diaphragmPelvic floor.Potter-Bucky diaphragmBucky diaphragm.slit diaphragmA gap between the foot processes of podocytes in the renal glomerulus, composed of a filter made of proteins that holds large molecules within the plasma but allows smaller soluble chemicals to pass with water into the urine.urogenital diaphragmThe urogenital trigone, or triangular ligament. A musculofascial sheath that lies between the ischiopubic rami, it is superficial to the pelvic diaphragm. In males it surrounds the membranous urethra; in females, the vagina. illustrationdiaphragm 1. The dome-shaped muscular and tendinous partition that separates the cavity of the chest from the cavity of the abdomen. When the muscle contracts the dome flattens, thereby increasing the volume of the chest. 2. Any partitioning structure, such as the iris diaphragm of the eye. diaphragm - a sheet of tissue present only in mammals, that separates the thorax from the abdomen. It consists mainly of muscle and tendons, and has openings through which the oesophagus, blood vessels and nerves pass. Its flattening from a convex position projecting into the thorax is an important aspect of the expansion of the lungs as inspiration takes place. See BREATHING.
- a hemispherical rubber cap fitted inside the vagina over the neck (cervix) of the uterus and acting as a contraceptive for BIRTH CONTROL.
DiaphragmThe thin layer of muscle that separates the chest cavity containing the lungs and heart from the abdominal cavity containing the intestines and digestive organs.Mentioned in: Chest X Ray, Esophageal Disorders, Heimlich Maneuver, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ventricular Assist Devicediaphragm1. In optics, an aperture generally round and of variable diameter placed in a screen and used to limit the field of view of a lens or optical system (field stop). It also limits stray light (light stop). Syn. stop; aperture-stop. 2. In anatomy, a dividing membrane.di·a·phragm (dī'ă-fram) [TA] 1. [TA] Musculomembranous partition between abdominal thoracic cavities. 2. In radiography, a grid (2) or a lead sheet with an aperture.
See: collimator3. A thin disc pierced with an opening, used in a microscope, camera, or other optic instrument to shut out the marginal rays of light, thus giving a more direct illumination. [G. diaphragma]FinancialSeeStopSee DIAPH
See DIAPHdiaphragm
Related to diaphragm: Diaphragm pump, Diaphragm valve, Diaphragm breathing, Diaphragm muscleSynonyms for diaphragmnoun a mechanical device in a camera that controls size of aperture of the lensSynonymsRelated Words- camera
- photographic camera
- iris diaphragm
- iris
- mechanical device
noun (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitiesSynonymsRelated Words- tissue layer
- membrane
- muscle system
- muscular structure
- musculature
- torso
- trunk
- body
- anatomy
- general anatomy
noun a contraceptive device consisting of a flexible dome-shaped cup made of rubber or plasticSynonyms- contraceptive diaphragm
- pessary
Related Words- birth control device
- contraceptive
- contraceptive device
- prophylactic device
- preventative
- preventive
noun electro-acoustic transducer that vibrates to receive or produce sound wavesRelated Words- disk
- disc
- electro-acoustic transducer
|