| 释义 |
cram
cram C0721100 (krăm)v. crammed, cram·ming, crams v.tr.1. To force, press, or squeeze (something) into an insufficient or barely sufficient space; stuff.2. a. To feed a large amount of food to (an animal).b. To fill (oneself or one's stomach, for example) with food.v.intr.1. To move into and fully occupy a space: The students crammed into the tiny classroom.2. To study hastily for an impending examination: was up all night cramming for the history midterm.n. Hasty study for an imminent examination.
[Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian; see ger- in Indo-European roots.]
cram′mer n.cram (kræm) vb, crams, cramming or crammed1. (tr) to force (people, material, etc) into (a room, container, etc) with more than it can hold; stuff2. to eat or cause to eat more than necessary3. (Education) informal to study or cause to study (facts, etc), esp for an examination, by hastily memorizingn4. the act or condition of cramming5. a crush[Old English crammian; related to Old Norse kremja to press]
Cram (kræm) n (Biography) Steve. born 1960, English middle-distance runner: European 1500 m champion (1981, 1986); world 1500 m champion (1983)cram (kræm)
v. crammed, cram•ming,
n. v.t. 1. to fill by force with more than it can easily hold. 2. to force or stuff (usu. fol. by into, down, etc.). 3. to fill with or as if with an excessive amount of food; overfeed. 4. to prepare (a person, class, etc.) for an examination within a short period of time. v.i. 5. to eat greedily. 6. to study for an examination by memorizing facts at the last minute. 7. to crowd; jam: A mob crammed into the hall. n. 8. the act of cramming for an examination. 9. a crammed state; crush. [before 1000; Middle English crammen, Old English crammian to stuff, c. Old Norse kremja] cram′mer, n. Cram (kræm)
n. Ralph Adams, 1863–1942, U.S. architect and writer. Cram a dense crowd; a crush; a squeeze, 1858.cram
Past participle: crammed
Gerund: cramming
| Present |
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| I cram | | you cram | | he/she/it crams | | we cram | | you cram | | they cram |
| Preterite |
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| I crammed | | you crammed | | he/she/it crammed | | we crammed | | you crammed | | they crammed |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am cramming | | you are cramming | | he/she/it is cramming | | we are cramming | | you are cramming | | they are cramming |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have crammed | | you have crammed | | he/she/it has crammed | | we have crammed | | you have crammed | | they have crammed |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was cramming | | you were cramming | | he/she/it was cramming | | we were cramming | | you were cramming | | they were cramming |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had crammed | | you had crammed | | he/she/it had crammed | | we had crammed | | you had crammed | | they had crammed |
| Future |
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| I will cram | | you will cram | | he/she/it will cram | | we will cram | | you will cram | | they will cram |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have crammed | | you will have crammed | | he/she/it will have crammed | | we will have crammed | | you will have crammed | | they will have crammed |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be cramming | | you will be cramming | | he/she/it will be cramming | | we will be cramming | | you will be cramming | | they will be cramming |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been cramming | | you have been cramming | | he/she/it has been cramming | | we have been cramming | | you have been cramming | | they have been cramming |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been cramming | | you will have been cramming | | he/she/it will have been cramming | | we will have been cramming | | you will have been cramming | | they will have been cramming |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been cramming | | you had been cramming | | he/she/it had been cramming | | we had been cramming | | you had been cramming | | they had been cramming |
| Conditional |
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| I would cram | | you would cram | | he/she/it would cram | | we would cram | | you would cram | | they would cram |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have crammed | | you would have crammed | | he/she/it would have crammed | | we would have crammed | | you would have crammed | | they would have crammed |
cramTo study intensively for an examination or to prepare students intensively for an examination.Thesaurus| Verb | 1. |  cram - crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked"chock up, jampack, wad, ram, jamstuff - cram into a cavity; "The child stuffed candy into his pockets"cram - put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled; "cram books into the suitcase" | | 2. | cram - put something somewhere so that the space is completely filled; "cram books into the suitcase"lay, place, put, set, position, pose - put into a certain place or abstract location; "Put your things here"; "Set the tray down"; "Set the dogs on the scent of the missing children"; "Place emphasis on a certain point"chock up, cram, jampack, wad, ram, jam - crowd or pack to capacity; "the theater was jampacked"stuff - cram into a cavity; "The child stuffed candy into his pockets" | | 3. | cram - study intensively, as before an exam; "I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam"bone, bone up, grind away, mug up, swot, swot up, drum, get upcram - prepare (students) hastily for an impending examhit the books, study - learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now" | | 4. | cram - prepare (students) hastily for an impending examgear up, prepare, ready, set, fix, set up - make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc; "Get the children ready for school!"; "prepare for war"; "I was fixing to leave town after I paid the hotel bill"bone, bone up, grind away, mug up, swot, swot up, cram, drum, get up - study intensively, as before an exam; "I had to bone up on my Latin verbs before the final exam" |
cramverb1. stuff, force, jam, ram, shove, compress, compact She pulled off her school hat and crammed it into a wastebasket.2. pack, fill, stuff She crammed her mouth with nuts.3. squeeze, press, crowd, pack, crush, pack in, fill to overflowing, overfill, overcrowd We crammed into my car and set off.4. study, revise, swot, bone up (informal), grind, con, swot up, mug up (slang) She was cramming hard for her exam.cramverb1. To fill to excess by compressing or squeezing tightly:crowd, jam, load, mob, pack, stuff.Informal: jam-pack.2. Informal. To study or work hard, especially when pressed for time:Informal: bone (up), grind.Idiom: burn the midnight oil.Translationscram (krӕm) – past tense past participle crammed – verb1. to fill very full. The drawer was crammed with papers. 塞滿 塞满2. to push or force. He crammed food into his mouth. 擠，塞 塞入，填塞 3. to prepare (someone) in a short time for an examination. He is being crammed for his university entrance exam. 臨時抱佛腳 临时准备应试cram
cram for (something)To study for a test shortly before it is to happen. You might have gotten a higher grade if you didn't cram for that exam at the last minute.See also: cramcram into (something)To shove something into something else (which often cannot contain or accommodate it). A noun or pronoun can be used between "cram" and "into." I tried to cram a jacket into my suitcase, but it just wouldn't fit. We were thrilled to reach our destination after being crammed into a tiny car with each other for hours.See also: cramcram with (someone or something)To fill something with more than it can reasonably hold or accommodate. A noun or pronoun can be used between "cram" and "with." Because this room is just totally crammed with people, we're moving everyone into the auditorium. I had crammed my suitcase with so much stuff that I couldn't get it to close.See also: cramcram for an/the examTo study for a test shortly before it is to happen. You might have gotten a higher grade if you didn't cram for the exam at the last minute.See also: cram, examcram for a/the testTo study for a test shortly before it is to happen. You might have gotten a higher grade if you didn't cram for the test at the last minute.See also: cram, testcram for an examination and cram for a testFig. to study very hard for an exam. I have to go cram fora test now. If you would study during the school term, you would not have to cram.See also: cram, examinationcram someone or something into something and cram someone or something into stuff or crush someone or something into something. Can you really cram seven kids into that car? He crammed in his clothes and closed the drawer.See also: cramcram someone or something with someone or somethingto fill someone or something by stuffing with someone or something. You won't be happy till you cram all of us with cake and ice cream. He crammed his drawer with his socks.See also: cramcram in. to study hard at the last minute for a test. If you would study all the time, you wouldn’t need to cram. CRAM
CRAM(1) (Chalcogenide RAM) See phase change memory.
(2) (Card Random Access Memory) An early magnetic card mass storage device from NCR that was made available on its 315 computer systems in 1962. It offered reasonably reliable random access storage at a time when magnetic tapes with sequential access were the primary storage medium.
A Mechanical Wonder
CRAM used a removable cartridge housing a deck of 3x14" cards with a magnetic recording surface. There were initially 256, and later 512, cards in the deck, providing 5.5MB and 11MB of storage. With a roomful of 16 units connected to the computer, the total storage capacity was 176 megabytes, a rather large amount of random access capacity for that era.
With air blowing over them to keep them apart, the notched cards were suspended from eight rods that were selectively moved to release a specific card. The card was dropped and wrapped around a rotating drum using air pressure. After reading or writing, it was returned to the cartridge. Every once in a while, two cards dropped at the same time, causing a loud halt to the operation. See RACE and Data Cell.
 | | CRAM Units |
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| NCR's CRAM was a successful addition to its computer line, offering reliable random access during the 1960s. By the end of the decade, magnetic disks were becoming mainstream. (Image courtesy of NCR Corporation.) |
 | | The Card Drop |
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| Separated by jets of air so the card could fall freely, a card was released to the read/write head by moving the rods. (Image courtesy of NCR Corporation.) |
MedicalSeeDPYSL5CRAM
| Acronym | Definition |
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| CRAM➣Challenge-Response Authentication Mechanism | | CRAM➣Caisse Régionale d'Assurance Maladie | | CRAM➣Cross Region Access Method | | CRAM➣Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar | | CRAM➣Contract Research and Manufacturing | | CRAM➣County Road Association of Michigan | | CRAM➣Card Random Access Memory | | CRAM➣Cyberspatial Reality Advancement Movement | | CRAM➣Centro de Recuperação de Animais Marinhos (Brazilian Marine Animal Rescue Center) | | CRAM➣Common Reflection Angle Migration (seismic processing) | | CRAM➣Clube de Radioamadores de Americana (Brazil) | | CRAM➣Comités Régionaux d'Aéro-Modélisme (French aero-modeling club) | | CRAM➣control random access memory | | CRAM➣Chalcogenide Random Access Memory (phase-change computer memory technology) | | CRAM➣Cache Random Access Memory | | CRAM➣Computational Random Access Memory | | CRAM➣Computerized Reliability Analysis Method | | CRAM➣Communications Routing and Metering | | CRAM➣Cell Re-Labelling At Merge Points | | CRAM➣Conditional Routing Allocation Message | | CRAM➣Create, Remove, Access, Modify (computing) | | CRAM➣Contractual Requirements Recording Analysis and Management | | CRAM➣Cumulative Radio Audience Method | | CRAM➣Customer Requisitioning Account Module | | CRAM➣Control Room Area Monitor | | CRAM➣Contract-Relax-Active-Motion | | CRAM➣California Refugee Awareness Month | | CRAM➣Continuously Rotating Autocompensation Mechanization | | CRAM➣Combat Resource Allocation Model | | CRAM➣Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management Project |
cram
Synonyms for cramverb stuffSynonyms- stuff
- force
- jam
- ram
- shove
- compress
- compact
verb packSynonymsverb squeezeSynonyms- squeeze
- press
- crowd
- pack
- crush
- pack in
- fill to overflowing
- overfill
- overcrowd
verb studySynonyms- study
- revise
- swot
- bone up
- grind
- con
- swot up
- mug up
Synonyms for cramverb to fill to excess by compressing or squeezing tightlySynonyms- crowd
- jam
- load
- mob
- pack
- stuff
- jam-pack
verb to study or work hard, especially when pressed for timeSynonymsSynonyms for cramverb crowd or pack to capacitySynonymsRelated Wordsverb put something somewhere so that the space is completely filledRelated Words- lay
- place
- put
- set
- position
- pose
- chock up
- cram
- jampack
- wad
- ram
- jam
- stuff
verb study intensively, as before an examSynonyms- bone
- bone up
- grind away
- mug up
- swot
- swot up
- drum
- get up
Related Wordsverb prepare (students) hastily for an impending examRelated Words- gear up
- prepare
- ready
- set
- fix
- set up
- bone
- bone up
- grind away
- mug up
- swot
- swot up
- cram
- drum
- get up
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