Zaporozhe

(until 1921 Aleksandrovsk), a city, the administrative center of Zaporozhye Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, on the Dnieper River. It is a river port (the Zaporozh’e Landing and the V. I. Lenin Port). It is one of the largest industrial and energy centers of the Ukrainian SSR and a railroad junction. Population, 676,000 (1971; 289,000 in 1939; 449,000 in 1959). It is divided into five city-raions.

Zaporozh’e was founded in 1770 as Aleksandrovskaia For-tress. In 1806 it became a district city. The workers of Zaporozh’e took an active part in the Revolution of 1905–07. Soviet power was established in the city on Jan. 2 (15), 1918. The intensive development of industry in Zaporozh’e began with the construction of the V. I. Lenin Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Plant (Dneproges). During the Great Patriotic War (1941-45), Zaporozh’e was occupied by fascist German forces (Oct. 4, 1941-Oct. 14, 1943) and greatly damaged. After the liberation of Zaporozh’e, the city and its indus-tries were restored in full. The city was awarded the Order of Lenin by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on Dec. 11, 1970.

Metallurgy, electrotechnology, machine building, and chemical industry are the major industries of Zaporozh’e. The city is the site of an abrasives combine; the Zaporozhstal’ and Dneprospetsstal’ steel mills; and motor, automobile, transformer, ferroalloy, refractory, coke-chemical, and the Kremniipolimer factories. The basic energy source for the city’s industrial complex is Dneproges.

A large zone of greenery separates the industries from residential areas. There are many parks, public gardens, and beaches. The hydroelectric power plant and Lenin Prospect, laid out in 1930 by a group of architects headed by I. I. Malozemov, serve as the basis of the compositional structure of the city. The city has 11 hospitals, the Shchors Drama Theater (1947–53; architect, S. D. Fridlin), the M. I. Glinka Concert Hall (1948–53; architect, G. G. Vegman), large housing developments (including the Voznesenka, 1950–60, G. G. Vegman), Microregion no. 10O-101 (1963–65; G. G. Vegman), the Kosmicheskoe Road Microregion (1966–71; architect, L. V. Zaitsev), and the Shevchenko Microregion (1968–70; architect, S. P. Shestopa). There is a monument to V. I. Lenin (1964) in bronze and granite by the sculptors M. G. Lysenko and N. M. Sukhodolov and the architects B. I. Priimak and V. E. Ladnyi.

The educational institutions include machine-building, pedagogical, and medical institutes; an evening division of the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Engineering and Construction; divisions of the Dnepropetrovsk Institute of Metallurgy; and the Donetsk Institute of Soviet Trade. There are 13 specialized secondary schools, including technicums of metallurgy, industry, electronic instruments, hydroenergy, and construction; and schools of medicine, pedagogy, and music. Zaporozhye has a circus, philharmonic orchestra, and a museum of local lore. There is a health resort on Khortitsa Island.

an urban-type settlement in Voroshilovgrad Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, 4 km from the Komendantskaia rail-road station, on the Debal’tsevo-Shterovka line. Coal mining is the main industry.