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单词 automaton
释义

automaton


automaton

a mechanical figure that acts as if by its own power; robot; one who acts in a routine manner without apparent active intelligence
Not to be confused with:automation – a mechanical device that functions automatically; the process of automating

au·tom·a·ton

A5562300 (ô-tŏm′ə-tŏn′, -tən)n. pl. au·tom·a·tons or au·tom·a·ta (-tə) 1. A self-operating machine or mechanism, especially a robot.2. One that behaves or responds in a mechanical way.
[Latin, self-operating machine, from Greek, from neuter of automatos, self-acting; see automatic.]
au·tom′a·tous adj.

automaton

(ɔːˈtɒməˌtɒn; -tən) n, pl -tons or -ta (-tə) 1. (General Engineering) a mechanical device operating under its own hidden power; robot2. a person who acts mechanically or leads a routine monotonous life[C17: from Latin, from Greek, from automatos spontaneous, self-moving] auˈtomatous adj

au•tom•a•ton

(ɔˈtɒm əˌtɒn, -tn)

n., pl. -tons, -ta (-tə). 1. a mechanical figure or contrivance constructed to act as if by its own motive power; robot. 2. a person or animal that acts in a monotonous, routine manner, without active intelligence. 3. a mechanical device, operated electronically, that functions automatically, without continuous input from an operator. 4. anything capable of acting automatically or without an external motive force. [1605–15; < Latin: automatic device < Greek, n. use of neuter of autómatos self-acting =auto- auto-1 + -matos, v. adj. of memonénai to intend] au•tom′a•tous, adj.
Thesaurus
Noun1.automaton - someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way; "only an automaton wouldn't have noticed"zombi, zombieunusual person, anomaly - a person who is unusual
2.automaton - a mechanism that can move automaticallyautomaton - a mechanism that can move automaticallyrobot, golemandroid, humanoid, mechanical man - an automaton that resembles a human beingmechanism - device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function
Translations
机器人自动机器

automatic

(oːtəˈmatik) adjective1. (of a machine etc) working by itself. an automatic washing-machine. 自動的 自动的2. (of an action) without thinking. an automatic response. 不加思索的 不假思索的,无意识的 noun a self-loading gun. He has two automatics and a rifle. 自動手(步)槍 自动枪ˈautomated (-mei-) adjective working by automation. 自動(化)的 自动(化)的 ˌautoˈmatically adverbThis machine works automatically; He answered automatically. 自動地 自动地ˌautoˈmation noun (in factories etc) the use of machines, especially to work other machines. Automation has resulted in people losing their jobs. 自動化 自动化automaton (oːˈtomətən) plurals auˈtomata (-tə) , auˈtomatons noun a human-shaped machine that can be operated to move by itself. 自動機械裝置,機器人 自动机器,机器人

automaton


automaton:

see robotrobot
or automaton
mechanical device designed to perform the work generally done by a human being. The Czech dramatist Karel Čapek popularized the expression [Czech,=compulsory labor] in his play R. U. R.
..... Click the link for more information.
; roboticsrobotics,
science and technology of general purpose, programmable machine systems. Contrary to the popular fiction image of robots as ambulatory machines of human appearance capable of performing almost any task, most robotic systems are anchored to fixed positions in factories
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.

Automaton

 

(1) A self-acting device or set of devices that carry out processes for obtaining, converting, transmitting, and utilizing energy, materials, and information according to a specified program, without direct human participation. Automatons are used to increase productivity, to lighten the work of man, and to free him from working under conditions where access is difficult or there is a danger to life.

Self-acting devices were already known in remote antiquity. With their help, priests performed “wonders,” seemingly by divine powers, for the blindly worshiping people.

In antiquity and the Middle Ages, devices were repeatedly created that imitated the movements of living creatures without apparent motive force. There was no practical value in such “automatons,” but although they were entertaining toys, they proved to be, in a way, the forerunners of modern automatons. An important influence in the development of automatons was the invention of clocks with driving springs (P. Henlein, Germany, 1500’s) and, in particular, of pendulum clocks (C. Huygens, Holland, 1657), which were the first devices to use the principles and individual mechanisms that have been subsequently used extensively in automatons.

However, automatons were first used in industry in the 18th century during the industrial revolution, when the forms of working facilities were such that human effort was replaced by forces of natural origin and routine methods in organizing work by the deliberate use of accumulated experience.

The automatic devices of this period, which were primarily experimental in character, include Andrei Nartov’s automatic carriage for copying lathes (1720’s) and I. I. Polzu-nov’s float regulator for boiler water level (1765) in Russia; J. Watt’s centrifugal governor (1784) in England; and J. Jacquard’s card-programmed loom for making coarse-patterned fabrics (1808) in France.

The automatic devices of the 18th and 19th centuries were based on the principles and methods of classical mechanics. The development of electrical technology—the practical use of electricity in the military, communications, and transportation—led to a number of discoveries and inventions which served as a scientific and technical basis for new electrically operated automatons. Of great significance were the works of Russian scientists: the invention of the magnetoelectric relay by P. L. Shilling (1830)—one of the basic elements of electrical automation; the development of a number of automatic railroad signaling devices by F. M. Baliukevich, V. M. Tagaichikov, and others in the 1880’s; the creation of the world’s first automatic telephone exchange by S. M. Apostolov-Berdichevskii and M. F. Freidenberg (1893–95); and many others.

The advent of electronics—a new, independent field of science and technology—led to the appearance of fundamentally new electronic automatic devices and whole complexes, from the electronic relay to control computers. As automatons developed, their potential and fields of application broadened.

From mechanisms that performed one particular function without direct human participation, automatons changed into complicated automatic apparatus that successfully perform monitoring, regulating, and control functions. Instead of individual automatons, automatic complexes, often employing electronic computers, began to be used in industry, power engineering, and astronautics.

The design, circuitry, and operating principles of an automaton are in large measure determined by its purpose, operating conditions, form of power used, and method of programming. The following types of automatons are distinguished: technological—for example, automatic casting devices, automatic meat choppers, automatic metalworking lathes, and various automatic aggregates; power engineering—automatic instruments and devices of power systems, electrical machines, electric power grids, and so forth; transportation—for example, automatic engineers and automatic stops; computing, including calculating machines; commercial—automatic food preparers, vending machines, and so forth; military—for example, guidance systems and automatic weapons; automatic household appliances; and others.

Depending on the operating conditions and the power used, some automatons incorporate mechanical, hydraulic, electrical (electronic), and pneumatic devices, as well as combinations of these, such as pneumoelectric. There are also automatons that operate by means of explosive energy —for example, a submachine gun.

The automaton’s entire operating sequence and auxiliary operations are called the operating cycle. An automated apparatus in which the operating cycle is interrupted and which requires mandatory human intervention to restart is called a semiautomaton. Generally, the operating cycle of an automaton is determined by a program that is incorporated into its design. The program may be external, using punched cards or some other data carriers, or it may utilize copying or simulation apparatus. For instance, the operating program of wristwatches is controlled by the design of the escapement mechanism and the balance wheel which, in most cases, get energy from a windup spring. The program in a metalworking copying lathe is provided by a master form. The automatic switches of an electric power grid trip out when the current, voltage, or frequency values go beyond established limits. In an automaton for vending merchandise, when money is inserted, the apparatus that counts the total received is turned on and compares the total with the established price for the merchandise to be sold; if it checks, the apparatus that delivers or authorizes the delivery of the purchase is actuated. In this case, the automaton not only replaces the services of a salesperson in delivering the merchandise to a buyer but relieves the salesperson from the calculations involved during payment for that merchandise. Automatons like those cited are, as a rule, narrowly specialized and highly productive; however, it is usually difficult or completely impossible to change their work cycles.

An automaton program that is provided by punched cards, magnetic tapes, and so forth, has little to do with its design and construction, thus ensuring its universality—for example, metalworking, weaving, and printing machines with programmed control, automatic dispatchers and engineers, electronic computers, and space vehicles. Automatons that can remember and generalize their operational experience and use this suitably to meet changing conditions have become widely accepted. These automatons must be equipped with such items as transducers and feedback arrangements, a memory unit, a control unit, and a self-adaptive unit, all of which considerably complicate their design and construction. However, in this case the functional potential of automatons is enriched as much as needed to perform extremely complex technological processes and control processes, and thereby not only are men freed from heavy physical labor but their function in the realm of control is simplified.

(2) One of the basic concepts of cybernetics; an abstract model of a technological or biological system which processes discrete (digital) data in discrete time cycles. Finite automatons have been studied the most.

G. I. BELOV

automaton

[ȯ′täm·ə‚tän] (computer science) A robot which functions without step-by-step guidance by a human operator.

automaton

a mechanical device operating under its own hidden power; robot

automaton

(robotics, mathematics, algorithm)(Plural automata) Amachine, robot, or formal system designed to follow aprecise sequence of instructions.

Automata theory, the invention and study of automata, includesthe study of the capabilities and limitations of computingprocesses, the manner in which systems receive input, processit, and produce output, and the relationships betweenbehavioural theories and the operation and use of automateddevices.

See also cellular automaton, finite state machine.
FinancialSeerobot

automaton


Related to automaton: Cellular automaton, Pushdown automaton
  • noun

Synonyms for automaton

noun someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way

Synonyms

  • zombi
  • zombie

Related Words

  • unusual person
  • anomaly

noun a mechanism that can move automatically

Synonyms

  • robot
  • golem

Related Words

  • android
  • humanoid
  • mechanical man
  • mechanism
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更新时间:2025/3/14 0:54:46