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单词 wave-particle duality
释义

wave-particle duality


wave-par·ti·cle duality

(wāv′pär′tĭ-kəl)n. The exhibition of both wavelike and particlelike properties by a single entity, as of both diffraction and linear propagation by light.
Thesaurus
Noun1.wave-particle duality - (physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave theory and others by particle theorydualityproperty - a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class; "a study of the physical properties of atomic particles"natural philosophy, physics - the science of matter and energy and their interactions; "his favorite subject was physics"

wave-particle duality


wave-particle duality

[′wāv ′pärd·ə·kəl dü′al·əd·ē] (quantum mechanics) The principle that both matter and electromagnetic radiation exhibit phenomena in which they behave as waves and other phenomena in which they behave as particles, the two aspects being associated by the de Broglie relations. Also known as duality principle; wave-corpuscle duality.

Wave-Particle Duality

 

a proposition central to quantum mechanics that the behavior of microobjects exhibits both corpuscular and wave characteristics.

In accordance with the concepts of classical (nonquantum) physics, the motion of particles and the propagation of waves differ in principle. However, experiments on the ejection of electrons from metal surfaces by light (photoelectric effect), the study of the scattering of rays by electrons (Compton effect), and a number of other experiments have convincingly demonstrated that light and X-rays, which, according to classical theory, have a wave nature, behave similarly to a flux of particles. A “particle” of light (photon) has an energy E and a momentum ρ, which are related to the frequency ν and the wavelength λ of light by the equations E = hv and ρ = h/λ, where h is Planck’s constant. On the other hand, it has been found that a beam of electrons impinging on a crystal gives a diffraction pattern that cannot be interpreted in any other way but on the basis of wave concepts. It was established later that this phenomenon is characteristic of microparticles in general.

Thus, a characteristic feature of the microworld is the duality of corpuscular and wave properties, which cannot be understood within the framework of classical physics. For example, the generation of a diffraction pattern during the scattering of particles is incompatible with the conception of the motion of these particles along trajectories. The wave-particle duality is given a natural interpretation in quantum mechanics.

D. V. GAL’TSOV

wave-particle duality

The inherent contradiction in the way energy behaves. At the turn of the 20th century, it was believed that light was electromagnetic waves and electrons were particles. By the 1930s, it was determined that light behaves as if it were made up of particles (photons) as well as waves, and electrons also behave like waves. This has driven scientists to drink and is one of the most puzzling phenomena in the universe. See quantum mechanics.
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wave-particle duality


  • noun

Synonyms for wave-particle duality

noun (physics) the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave theory and others by particle theory

Synonyms

  • duality

Related Words

  • property
  • natural philosophy
  • physics
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更新时间:2025/3/1 11:36:12