| 释义 |
artifact
ar·ti·fact also ar·te·fact A0441600 (är′tə-făkt′)n.1. An object produced or shaped by human craft, especially a tool, weapon, or ornament of archaeological or historical interest.2. Something viewed as a product of human conception or agency rather than an inherent element: "Morality is an artifact of human culture, devised to help us negotiate social relations" (Michael Pollan).3. A phenomenon or feature not originally present or expected and caused by an interfering external agent, action, or process, as an unwanted feature in a microscopic specimen after fixation, in a digitally reproduced image, or in a digital audio recording.4. An inaccurate observation, effect, or result, especially one resulting from the technology used in scientific investigation or from experimental error: The apparent pattern in the data was an artifact of the collection method.
[Latin arte, ablative of ars, art; see art1 + factum, something made (from neuter past participle of facere, to make; see dhē- in Indo-European roots).]
ar′ti·fac′tu·al (-făk′cho͝o-əl) adj.artifact (ˈɑːtɪˌfækt) n a variant spelling of artefactar•ti•fact or ar•te•fact (ˈɑr təˌfækt)
n. 1. any object made by human beings, esp. with a view to subsequent use. 2. a handmade object, as a tool, or the remains of one, as a shard of pottery, belonging to an earlier time or cultural stage, esp. such an object found at an archaeological excavation. 3. a substance or structure not naturally present in the matter being observed but formed by artificial means, as during preparation of a microscope slide. 4. a spurious observation or result arising from preparatory procedures. 5. any feature that is not naturally present but is a product of an extrinsic agent. [1815–25; variant of artefact < Latin phrase arte factum (something) made with skill. See art1, fact] ar`ti•fac•ti′tious (-fækˈtɪʃ əs) adj. ar`ti•fac′tu•al (-ˈfæk tʃu əl) adj. Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  artifact - a man-made object taken as a whole artefactwhole, unit - an assemblage of parts that is regarded as a single entity; "how big is that part compared to the whole?"; "the team is a unit"article - one of a class of artifacts; "an article of clothing"facility - something designed and created to serve a particular function and to afford a particular convenience or service; "catering facilities"; "toilet facilities"; "educational facilities"Americana - any artifact (such as books or furniture or art) that is distinctive of Americaanachronism - an artifact that belongs to another timeantiquity - an artifact surviving from the pastblock - a solid piece of something (usually having flat rectangular sides); "the pyramids were built with large stone blocks"button - any artifact that resembles a buttoncommodity, trade good, good - articles of commercecone - any cone-shaped artifactcovering - an artifact that covers something else (usually to protect or shelter or conceal it)creation - an artifact that has been brought into existence by someonedecker - (often used in combinations) something constructed with multiple levels; "they rode in a double-decker bus"decoration, ornament, ornamentation - something used to beautifyelectroplate - any artifact that has been plated with a thin coat of metal by electrolysisexcavation - a hole in the ground made by excavatingduplicate, extra - something additional of the same kind; "he always carried extras in case of an emergency"cloth, fabric, textile, material - artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers; "the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent"; "woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC"; "she measured off enough material for a dress"facility, installation - a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry; "the assembly plant is an enormous facility"fixture - an object firmly fixed in place (especially in a household)float - something that floats on the surface of waterinsert, inset - an artifact that is inserted or is to be insertedinstrumentation, instrumentality - an artifact (or system of artifacts) that is instrumental in accomplishing some endlayer, bed - single thickness of usually some homogeneous substance; "slices of hard-boiled egg on a bed of spinach"stinker, lemon - an artifact (especially an automobile) that is defective or unsatisfactoryline - something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible; "a washing line"marker - some conspicuous object used to distinguish or mark something; "the buoys were markers for the channel"mystification - something designed to mystify or bewilderopening - a vacant or unobstructed space that is man-made; "they left a small opening for the cat at the bottom of the door"cushioning, padding - artifact consisting of soft or resilient material used to fill or give shape or protect or add comfortplaything, toy - an artifact designed to be played withready-made - a manufactured artifact (as a garment or piece of furniture) that is made in advance and available for purchase; "their apartment was furnished with ready-mades"restoration - some artifact that has been restored or reconstructed; "the restoration looked exactly like the original"flat solid, sheet - a flat artifact that is thin relative to its length and widthsphere - any spherically shaped artifactsquare - any artifact having a shape similar to a plane geometric figure with four equal sides and four right angles; "a checkerboard has 64 squares"squeaker - any artifact that makes a squeaking sound when used; "those sneakers are squeakers"; "which hinge is the squeaker?"strip, slip - artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of materialstructure, construction - a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts; "the structure consisted of a series of arches"; "she wore her hair in an amazing construction of whirls and ribbons"surface - the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary; "there is a special cleaner for these surfaces"; "the cloth had a pattern of red dots on a white surface"thing - an artifact; "how does this thing work?"track - a pair of parallel rails providing a runway for wheelsway - any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another; "he said he was looking for the way out"weight - an artifact that is heavybuilding material - material used for constructing buildingspaving, paving material, pavement - material used to pave an areanatural object - an object occurring naturally; not made by man |
Translationsartifact
artefact, artifact Cytology a structure seen in tissue after death, fixation, staining, etc., that is not normally present in the living tissue ArtifactIndividual product of human manufacture, such as cutlery, glassware, pottery, textiles, tools, and weapons.artefact or artifact any individual material object produced by a culture. The study of such objects is important in anthropology (see MATERIAL CULTURE). In ARCHAEOLOGY, the artefacts left behind by a society are the main means of reconstructing an account of that society.artifact[′ärd·ə‚fakt] (archeology) Any crafted object of common use that reflects the skills of humans in past cultures. (communications) Any component of a signal that is extraneous to the variable represented by the signal. (histology) A structure in a fixed cell or tissue formed by manipulation or by the reagent. (medicine) Noise or spurious signals that occur during various radiological imaging techniques; can reach a level where they appear in the image with as much strength as the signals produced by real objects. building artifactAn element in a building which demonstrates human workmanship, such as a stained-glass window.artifact(1) Any element in a software development project. It includes documentation, test plans, images, data files and executable modules.
(2) A distortion in an image or sound caused by a limitation or malfunction in the hardware or software. Artifacts may or may not be easily detectable. Under intense inspection, one might find artifacts all the time, but a few pixels out of balance or a few milliseconds of abnormal sound often go undetected.
Analog Artifacts
In film, artifacts such as blotches, scratches and flicker are commonly found, especially in older movies. Imperfections in the camera lenses and silver-grain film itself can generate "noise," which appears as tiny background specks, making the image softer. The electronic recording of analog videotapes can introduce noise as well. See noise.
Digital Artifacts
Artifacts are a natural byproduct of digital compression methods such as JPEG and MPEG, which permanently discard pixels. The greater the compression used, the more artifacts are likely, and fast motion sequences are a major contributor. As TV screens become larger, the distortions are more noticeable. In digital cameras, artifacts may arise when performing digital zoom. When analog material is converted to digital, tiny discrepancies (quantization errors) may result. See blocking artifacts, mosquito noise, feathering and quantization error.artifact
artifact [ahr´tĭ-fakt] 1. any artificial product; a structure or appearance that is not natural, but is due to manipulation.2. distortion or fuzziness of an image caused by manipulation, such as during compression of a digital file.film artifact artificial images on x-ray films due to storage, handling, or processing.phantom artifact artificial images seen with conventional tomography.standardization artifact an electrical stimulus of 1 mV deliberately introduced into the electrocardiogram so that pulse amplitudes on the tracing can be adjusted to 10 mm. The amplitudes of the P, QRS, and T intervals can be accurately evaluated only on an electrocardiogram thus standardized.ar·ti·fact (ar'ti-fakt), 1. Anything, especially in a histologic specimen or a graphic record, which is caused by the technique used and does not reflect the original specimen or experiment. 2. A skin lesion produced or perpetuated by self-inflicted action, as in dermatitis artefacta. Synonym(s): artefact [L. ars, art, + facio, pp. factus, to make] artifact also artefact (är′tə-făkt′)n.1. A phenomenon or feature not originally present or expected and caused by an interfering external agent, action, or process, as an unwanted feature in a microscopic specimen after fixation, in a digitally reproduced image, or in a digital audio recording.2. An inaccurate observation, effect, or result, especially one resulting from the technology used in scientific investigation or from experimental error: The apparent pattern in the data was an artifact of the collection method.
ar′ti·fac′tu·al (-făk′cho͝o-əl) adj.artefact (1) A structure not normally present, but produced by some external action; something artificial.
(2) The distortion of a substance or signal which interferes with or obscures the interpretation of a study, or a structure that is not representative of a specimen’s in vivo state, or which does not reflect the original sample, but rather is the result of an isolation procedure, its handling or other factors. Artefacts in electronic readout devices (e.g., EEG, EKG, and EMG) may be due to loose leads or electrical contacts.
Cardiology
An electrical impulse of noncardiac origin which is recorded as a vertical spike on an EKG or other ECG monitor (e.g., a pacemaker pulse); electrical signals from muscle contractions, or myopotentials, are called muscle artefacts.
Histology
Any change in tissue that occurs during tissue processing which may alter a tissue’s appearance and possibly the diagnosis.
Imaging
The artefact seen depends on the procedure. For example, in a barium enema, where zones of inconstant segmental contractions of the colon may be confused with organic constrictions or anatomic variations due to mucosal or intramural tumours, or a metal surgical clip that obscures an anatomical structure.artifact Artefact A structure not normally present, but produced by some external action; something artificial; the distortion of a substance or signal, which interferes with or obscures the interpretation of a study, or a structure that is not representative of a specimen's in vivo state, or which does not reflect the original sample, but rather the result of an isolation procedure, its handling or other factors; artifacts in electronic readout devices–eg, EEG, EKG, and EMG, may be due to loose leads or electrical contacts Cardiac pacing An electrical impulse of noncardiac origin which is recorded as a vertical spike on an EKG or other ECG monitor–eg a pacemaker pulse; electrical signals from muscle contractions, or myopotentials, are called muscle artifacts Imaging The artifact seen depends on the procedure–eg, barium enema, where zones of inconstant segmental contractions of the colon may be confused with organic constrictions or anatomic variations, due to mucosal or intramural tumors, or a metal surgical clip that obscures an anatomical structure. See Beam-hardening artefact, Edge artefact, Mosaic artefact, Ring artefact. ar·ti·fact (ahr'ti-fakt) 1. Anything (especially in a histologic specimen or a graphic record) that is caused by the technique used or is not a natural occurrence but is merely incidental. 2. A skin lesion produced or perpetuated by self-inflicted action, such as scratching in dermatitis artefacta.
Synonym(s): artefact. [L. ars, art, + facio, pp. factus, to make]ar·ti·fact , artefact (ahr'ti-fakt) Anything, especially in a histologic specimen or a graphic record or x-ray, caused by the technique used that does not reflect the original specimen or experiment. [L. ars, art, + facio, pp. factus, to make]FinancialSeeNoiseAcronymsSeeAFartifact
Synonyms for artifactnoun a man-made object taken as a wholeSynonymsRelated Words- whole
- unit
- article
- facility
- Americana
- anachronism
- antiquity
- block
- button
- commodity
- trade good
- good
- cone
- covering
- creation
- decker
- decoration
- ornament
- ornamentation
- electroplate
- excavation
- duplicate
- extra
- cloth
- fabric
- textile
- material
- installation
- fixture
- float
- insert
- inset
- instrumentation
- instrumentality
- layer
- bed
- stinker
- lemon
- line
- marker
- mystification
- opening
- cushioning
- padding
- plaything
- toy
- ready-made
- restoration
- flat solid
- sheet
- sphere
- square
- squeaker
- strip
- slip
- structure
- construction
- surface
- thing
- track
- way
- weight
- building material
- paving
- paving material
- pavement
Antonyms |