Sander, Bruno

Born Feb. 23, 1884, in Innsbruck, Austria. Austrian petrographer, member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.

Sander graduated from the University of Innsbruck in 1907. He established the presence in many rocks of a regular orientation, not only of the sheetlike and elongated grains but also of the isometric grains of such minerals as quartz and calcite. Working together, Sander and the Austrian scientist

W. Schmidt developed a method of analyzing the orientation of grains under a microscope on a Fedorov stage. Clarification of the regularity of mineral orientation allows judgments to be made about the nature of the tectonic movements that caused the dynamic metamorphism of rock and about the conditions leading to the formation of foliation in rock.