| 释义 |
shark
shark S0320200 (shärk)n.1. Any of numerous cartilaginous fishes of the subclass Elasmobranchii that are chiefly carnivorous and marine. Sharks have a streamlined torpedolike body, five to seven gill openings on each side of the head, a large oil-filled liver, and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales.2. Informal A person, such as a loan shark, who takes advantage of the misfortune of others for personal gain.3. Informal A person unusually skilled in a particular activity: a card shark.v. sharked, shark·ing, sharks v.tr. Archaic To obtain by deceitful or underhand means.v.intr. To take advantage of others for personal gain, especially by fraud and trickery.
[Origin unknown.]shark (ʃɑːk) n (Animals) any of various usually ferocious selachian fishes, typically marine with a long body, two dorsal fins, rows of sharp teeth, and between five and seven gill slits on each side of the head[C16: of uncertain origin] ˈsharkˌlike adj
shark (ʃɑːk) na person who preys on or victimizes others, esp by swindling or extortionvbarchaic to obtain (something) by cheating or deception[C18: probably from German Schurke rogue; perhaps also influenced by shark1]shark1 (ʃɑrk)
n. any of various predatory cartilaginous fishes of the order Selachii, having a rough scaleless skin, a wide mouth on the underside of the head, and five to seven gill slits on each side: some attack humans. [1560–70; orig. uncertain] shark′like`, adj. shark2 (ʃɑrk)
n. 1. a person who preys greedily on others, as by cheating or usury. 2. Informal. a person who has unusual ability in a particular field. v.t. 3. Archaic. to obtain by trickery or fraud; steal. [1590–1600; < dial. German Schork, variant of Schurke rascal] shark
Past participle: sharked
Gerund: sharking
| Present |
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| I shark | | you shark | | he/she/it sharks | | we shark | | you shark | | they shark |
| Preterite |
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| I sharked | | you sharked | | he/she/it sharked | | we sharked | | you sharked | | they sharked |
| Present Continuous |
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| I am sharking | | you are sharking | | he/she/it is sharking | | we are sharking | | you are sharking | | they are sharking |
| Present Perfect |
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| I have sharked | | you have sharked | | he/she/it has sharked | | we have sharked | | you have sharked | | they have sharked |
| Past Continuous |
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| I was sharking | | you were sharking | | he/she/it was sharking | | we were sharking | | you were sharking | | they were sharking |
| Past Perfect |
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| I had sharked | | you had sharked | | he/she/it had sharked | | we had sharked | | you had sharked | | they had sharked |
| Future |
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| I will shark | | you will shark | | he/she/it will shark | | we will shark | | you will shark | | they will shark |
| Future Perfect |
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| I will have sharked | | you will have sharked | | he/she/it will have sharked | | we will have sharked | | you will have sharked | | they will have sharked |
| Future Continuous |
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| I will be sharking | | you will be sharking | | he/she/it will be sharking | | we will be sharking | | you will be sharking | | they will be sharking |
| Present Perfect Continuous |
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| I have been sharking | | you have been sharking | | he/she/it has been sharking | | we have been sharking | | you have been sharking | | they have been sharking |
| Future Perfect Continuous |
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| I will have been sharking | | you will have been sharking | | he/she/it will have been sharking | | we will have been sharking | | you will have been sharking | | they will have been sharking |
| Past Perfect Continuous |
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| I had been sharking | | you had been sharking | | he/she/it had been sharking | | we had been sharking | | you had been sharking | | they had been sharking |
| Conditional |
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| I would shark | | you would shark | | he/she/it would shark | | we would shark | | you would shark | | they would shark |
| Past Conditional |
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| I would have sharked | | you would have sharked | | he/she/it would have sharked | | we would have sharked | | you would have sharked | | they would have sharked |
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  shark - any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scaleselasmobranch, selachian - any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skatescow shark, Hexanchus griseus, six-gilled shark - large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seasmackerel shark - fierce pelagic and oceanic sharksAlopius vulpinus, fox shark, thresher shark, thresher, thrasher - large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feedcarpet shark, Orectolobus barbatus - shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skinGinglymostoma cirratum, nurse shark - small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North America and South America and from southeast Asia to AustraliaCarcharias taurus, Odontaspis taurus, sand shark, sand tiger - shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmersRhincodon typus, whale shark - large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on planktoncat shark - small bottom-dwelling sharks with cat-like eyes; found along continental slopesrequiem shark - any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal speciesdogfish - any of several small sharkshammerhead shark, hammerhead - medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerousangel shark, Squatina squatina, angelfish, monkfish - sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do | | 2. | shark - a person who is ruthless and greedy and dishonestoffender, wrongdoer - a person who transgresses moral or civil lawloan shark, moneylender, shylock, usurer - someone who lends money at excessive rates of interest | | 3. | shark - a person who is unusually skilled in certain ways; "a card shark"expert - a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully | | Verb | 1. | shark - play the shark; act with trickerychisel, cheat - engage in deceitful behavior; practice trickery or fraud; "Who's chiseling on the side?" | | 2. | shark - hunt sharkfish - catch or try to catch fish or shellfish; "I like to go fishing on weekends" |
sharkSharks angel shark, angelfish, or monkfish, basking shark or sailfish, blue pointer, carpet shark, cow shark or six-gilled shark, dogfish, gummy, hammerhead, mako, nursehound, nurse shark, porbeagle or mackerel shark, requiem shark, shovelhead, soupfin or soupfin shark, thrasher or thresher shark, tiger shark, tope, whale sharkTranslationsshark (ʃaːk) noun a type of large, fierce, flesh-eating fish. 鯊魚 鲨鱼shark
jump the shark1. In television programming, to resort to using an obvious or unbelievable gimmick in a scene, episode, or storyline as a means of maintaining viewership, especially when the show's quality and/or popularity has begun to decline. The phrase alludes to the sitcom Happy Days, in which the character Fonzie (Henry Winkler) jumps over a shark on water-skis in the fifth season. This show used to have some of the wittiest writing in television, but they really jumped the shark when they introduced a contrived alien invasion in the seventh season.2. By extension, to signal, especially through a conspicuous activity, event, or maneuver, a decline in the progress or evolution of something (e.g., a company, a brand, a political endeavor, etc.). The global tech giant, whose smartphone brand transformed the everyday technological landscape, seems to have jumped the shark this week when they revealed a line of computer-synced sneakers touted as their new flagship product. The governor was accused of jumping the shark during his re-election campaign by joining in with the cheerleading squad at his former high school's football game.See also: jump, sharkshark bait1. slang A person swimming or surfing alone in the ocean. We sat on the beach with our drinks, watching the foolish shark bait going into the water alone for an evening swim.2. (Hawaii slang) A very pale beachgoer, especially a tourist. (Supposedly because pale skin is attractive to sharks.) We don't hang out in this part of town too often in the summer, as it gets overwhelmed with shark bait this time of year.3. A particularly naïve or gullible person who is an ideal target for a scam, graft, or con. He'd been in the game of scamming people for so long that he could spot shark bait from a mile away. Don't you dare wear that fanny pack out in town. We'll look like shark bait to the locals!See also: bait, sharkwouldn't shout if a shark bit himCheap, miserly. In Australia, "to shout" is to buy someone something, usually a drink. Primarily heard in Australia. You expect Steve to buy you a drink? Ha! That guy wouldn't shout if a shark bit him!See also: bit, if, shark, shoutshark baiterA person swimming or surfing alone in the ocean. Primarily heard in Australia. We sat on the beach with our drinks, watching the foolish shark baiter going into the water alone for an evening swim.See also: sharkswim with sharks1. Literally, to be in the water with sharks. My brother is a real adventurer—he's bungee jumped before and has even swam with sharks!2. To be involved with cunning, possibly dangerous, people. I know you think you're a hustler, but you're swimming with sharks now—you could lose all your money against these guys. Before you start swimming with sharks, consider this—the last guy who went into business with them wound up dead!See also: shark, swimshark repellentAny defensive financial tactic used by a company to fend off a hostile corporate takeover by another. Sensing that Gangrenous Inc. was looking to acquire their company to exploit its valuable intellectual property, the board of directors passed a number of shark repellents during their AGM to keep the hostile company at bay.See also: sharkjump the shark (of a television series or film) reach a point at which far-fetched events are included merely for the sake of novelty, indicative of a decline in quality. US informal This phrase is said to refer to an episode of the long-running US television series Happy Days, in which the central character (the Fonz) jumped over a shark while waterskiing.See also: jump, sharkˈjump the shark (American English) if a television programme jumps the shark, it starts to decline in quality and introduces ridiculous ideas in order to maintain the interest of the publicThis comes from the TV series Happy Days, in which on one show a character jumped over a shark while waterskiing.See also: jump, sharkshark1. n. a swindler; a confidence operator. (Underworld.) The sharks were lined up ten deep to get at the blue-eyed new owner of the bowling alley. 2. n. a lawyer. (Derogatory.) Some shark is trying to squeeze a few grand out of me. shark repellent n. something that prevents corporate takeovers. (Securities markets.) Acme Systems tried again to get its board to approve a shark repellent to keep the Widget cartel from acquiring it. See also: shark jump the shark To undergo a sustained decline in quality or popularity.See also: jump, sharkshark
shark, member of a group of almost exclusively marine and predaceous fishes. There are about 250 species of sharks, ranging from the 2-ft (60-cm) pygmy shark to 50-ft (15-m) giants. They are found in all seas, but are most abundant in warm waters. Some may enter large rivers, and one ferocious freshwater species lives in Lake Nicaragua. Most are predatory, but the largest species, the whale sharkwhale shark,
large, plankton-eating shark, Rhincodon typus, found in all tropical seas of the world. The largest known specimens are 50 ft (15 m) long, making them the largest fish in the world.
..... Click the link for more information. and the basking sharkbasking shark,
large, plankton-feeding shark, Cetorhinus maximus, inhabiting many oceans of the world, especially in temperate regions. Found singly or in schools of up to 100, it spends much of its time on or just below the surface, cruising slowly with its dorsal fin
..... Click the link for more information. , are harmless plankton eaters, and the small bonnethead shark eats seagrass as well as crustaceans and other prey. Dogfishdogfish,
name for a number of small sharks of several different families. Best known are the spiny dogfishes (family Squalidae) and the smooth dogfishes (family Triakidae). Spiny dogfishes have two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and lack an anal fin.
..... Click the link for more information. is the name for members of several families of small sharks; these should not be confused with the bony dogfishes of the mud minnow and bowfinbowfin,
primitive freshwater fish found in the Mississippi basin, the Great Lakes, and E to Vermont. The bowfin has a light covering of rounded, overlapping scales, a large mouth, and sharp teeth.
..... Click the link for more information. families. See also hammerhead sharkhammerhead shark,
active, surface-living shark, genus Sphyrina. Its curious head has lateral projections resembling the crossbar of a T, and its eyes and ears are located in the outer tips of the projections.
..... Click the link for more information. and thresher sharkthresher shark,
long-tailed, warm-water shark, genus Alopias. The upper fork of its tail is slender and sickle-shaped and is about equal in length to the rest of the body.
..... Click the link for more information. . Shark meat is nutritious and is used for human food. In Asian cuisines a prized gelatinous soup is made from the fins of certain species; many of the millions of sharks landed annually are taken just for the fins, and finning is now believed to threaten such species. The flesh is also sold for poultry feed, and shark oils are used in industry; shark-liver oil was formerly used as a source of vitamin A. The rough skin is used as a sandpaper called shagreen, and tanned sharkskin is a durable leather. A decrease in shark populations due to overharvesting has led a number of nations to establish shark sanctuaries in their waters. Characteristics Sharks are heavy fishes, possessing neither lungs nor swim bladders (see fishfish,
limbless aquatic vertebrate animal with fins and internal gills. Traditionally the living fish have been divided into three class: the primitive jawless fishes, or Agnatha; the cartilaginous (sharklike) fishes, or Chondrichthyes; and the bony fishes, or Osteichthyes.
..... Click the link for more information. ). Their skeletons are made of cartilage rather than bone, and this, along with large deposits of fat, partially solves their weight problem; nevertheless, most sharks must keep moving in order to breathe and to stay afloat. They are good swimmers; the wide spread of the pectoral fins and the upward curve of the tail fin provide lift, and the sweeping movements of the tail provide drive. Their tough hides are studded with minute, toothlike structures called denticles. Sharks have pointed snouts; their crescent-shaped mouths are set on the underside of the body and contain several rows of sharp, triangular teeth. They have respiratory organs called gillsgills,
external respiratory organs of most aquatic animals. In fishes the gills are located in gill chambers at the rear of the mouth (pharynx). Water is taken in through the mouth, is forced through openings called gill slits, and then passes through the gill clefts, spaces
..... Click the link for more information. , usually five on each side, with individual gill slits opening on the body surface; these slits form a conspicuous row and lack the covering found over the gills of bony fishes. Like most fishes, sharks breathe by taking water in through the mouth and passing it out over the gills. Usually there are two additional respiratory openings on the head, called spiracles. A shark's intestine has a unique spiral valve, which increases the area of absorption. Fertilization is internal in sharks; the male has paired organs called claspers for introducing sperm into the cloacacloaca
, in biology, enlarged posterior end of the digestive tract of some animals. The cloaca, from the Latin word for sewer, is a single chamber into which pass solid and liquid waste materials as well as the products of the reproductive organs, the gametes.
..... Click the link for more information. of the female. Members of most species bear live young, but a few of the smaller sharks lay eggs containing much yolk and enclosed in horny shells. Compared to bony fishes, sharks tend to mature later and reproduce slowly. Predation Only a small number of the predatory species are definitely known to engage in unprovoked attacks on humans. The largest and most feared of these is the great white sharkwhite shark,
large, ferocious shark, Carcharodon carcharias. Also known as the great white shark and maneater, this shark can attack swimmers and boats without provocation, though it does not typically do so.
..... Click the link for more information. , which may reach 20 ft (6 m) in length and is probably responsible for more such attacks than any other species. Other sharks reputed to be especially dangerous are the tiger and blue sharks and the makomako
, heavy-bodied, fast-swimming shark, genus Isurus, highly prized as a game fish. Also known as the sharp-nosed mackerel shark, it is a member of the mackerel shark family, which also includes the white shark and the porbeagle.
..... Click the link for more information. . Sharks are extremely sensitive to motion and to the scent of blood. Swimmers in areas where dangerous varieties occur should leave the water quietly if they are cut; spearfishing divers should remove bleeding fish from the water immediately. In some places bathing areas are guarded by nets. A number of substances have been used as shark repellents, including maleic acid, copper sulfate, and decaying shark flesh, but their effectiveness is variable. An electrical repellent device, exploiting the shark's sensitivity to electrical fields, has been developed in South Africa. Sharks usually circle their prey before attacking. Since they seldom swim near the surface, an exposed dorsal fin is more likely to be that of a swordfish or ray than that of a shark. Classification Sharks, raysray,
extremely flat-bodied cartilaginous marine fish, related to the shark. The pectoral fins of most rays are developed into broad, flat, winglike appendages, attached all along the sides of the head; the animal swims by rippling movements of these wings.
..... Click the link for more information. (including skates), and chimaeraschimaera
, cartilaginous marine fish, related to the sharks. Also called ratfishes, chimaeras are found in temperate oceans throughout the world, mostly in deep water. They have large heads, long, thin, ratlike tails, and large, fanlike pectoral fins.
..... Click the link for more information. together form the vertebrate class Chondrichthyes, the cartilagenous fishes (see ChordataChordata
, phylum of animals having a notochord, or dorsal stiffening rod, as the chief internal skeletal support at some stage of their development. Most chordates are vertebrates (animals with backbones), but the phylum also includes some small marine invertebrate animals.
..... Click the link for more information. ). The sharks and rays form the subclass Elasmobranchii, and the sharks form the order Selachii. Bibliography See P. E. Pope, A Dictionary of Sharks (1973); T. H. Lineaweaker and R. H. Backus, The Natural History of Sharks (1970, repr. 1986); J. A. Musick and B. McMillan, The Shark Chronicles (2002). Shark a fish of the Selachii order of the Elasmobranchii subclass. The shark is represented by three suborders: living, primitive, and horn sharks. The living sharks (Selachoidei) vary in length from 0.5 m (Etmopterus spinax) to 20 m (basking shark). They have a fusiform body and five gill clefts on each side; only the saw shark has six. The scale is placoid, the mouth is located in the lower part of the head, and the skeleton is cartilaginous; these fish have no swim bladders. Sharks are widespread in coastal and open waters; some inhabit rivers—for instance, the Amazon and Ganges. In the USSR they live in the Barents, Baltic, Black, and Azov seas and in the seas of the Far East. Although most sharks lay eggs (large, in a horn-shaped membrane), some are viviparous. The majority are predators, feeding on fish, deepwater invertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks, and worms; sometimes they attack man. Sharks have commercial uses. Most sharks are caught in tropical waters. Those caught in the USSR include the spiny dogfish, the Greenland shark, and the porbeagle. Fish oil is extracted from the shark’s liver, the meat is used for food, and the skeleton is used to make fish glue. Primitive sharks (Hexanchoidei) have six or seven gill clefts on each side. They consist of two families: the frill sharks (Chlamydoselachidae), represented by the single species Chlamydoselachus anguineus, which is widespread, but rarely encountered (bodies measuring about 1.5 m), and the cow sharks (Hexanchidae). Horn sharks (Heterodontoidei) can reach a length of 1.5 m. One genus, Heterodontus, includes four species, which are found in the subtropical and tropical parts of the Pacific and Indian oceans. REFERENCENikol’skii,G. V. Chastnaia ikhtiologiia, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1954.G. V. NIKOL’SKII shark[shärk] (vertebrate zoology) Any of about 225 species of carnivorous elasmobranchs which occur principally in tropical and subtropical oceans; the body is fusiform with a heterocercal tail and a tough, usually gray, skin roughened by tubercles, and the snout extends beyond the mouth. sharklarge and ferocious fish, sometimes man-eating. [Zoology: NCE, 2493]See: Deadlinessshark any of various usually ferocious selachian fishes, typically marine with a long body, two dorsal fins, rows of sharp teeth, and between five and seven gill slits on each side of the head Sharks (dreams)Please remember that the water in your dreams may be a statement about your emotions and the unconscious. Sharks, water-dwelling animals, could represent unpleasant emotions or difficult and painful materials coming up from the unconscious. You may feel some emotional upset, and the shark could be the symbol of the perceived emotional danger. Old dream interpretation books say that sharks may represent dishonest friends or reflect financial troubles.shark
shark (shärk)n. Any of numerous cartilaginous fishes of the subclass Elasmobranchii that are chiefly carnivorous and marine. Sharks have a streamlined torpedolike body, five to seven gill openings on each side of the head, a large oil-filled liver, and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales.shark
SharkA company that is offering or executing a hostile takeover. If a firm makes an offer to shareholders to acquire a publicly-traded company after the board of directors refused, or if it bypasses the board completely, one refers to the acquiring firm as a shark. This is a derogatory term, and so one might expect the board, management, or even employees, to use it more than shareholders. See also: Shark repellent.shark An investor or firm that is hostile to the target firm's management and that is interested in taking over the firm.SHARK
| Acronym | Definition |
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| SHARK➣Showing Animals Respect and Kindness | | SHARK➣Mobile Shared Knowledge | | SHARK➣Shorthand-Aided Rapid Keyboarding | | SHARK➣South Houston Area Recreational Kiters (est. 2001; Texas) | | SHARK➣Soft Hard Real-Time Kernel | | SHARK➣Sam Houston Amateur Radio Klub (est. 1977; Cleveland, TX) |
shark
Words related to sharknoun any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scalesRelated Words- elasmobranch
- selachian
- cow shark
- Hexanchus griseus
- six-gilled shark
- mackerel shark
- Alopius vulpinus
- fox shark
- thresher shark
- thresher
- thrasher
- carpet shark
- Orectolobus barbatus
- Ginglymostoma cirratum
- nurse shark
- Carcharias taurus
- Odontaspis taurus
- sand shark
- sand tiger
- Rhincodon typus
- whale shark
- cat shark
- requiem shark
- dogfish
- hammerhead shark
- hammerhead
- angel shark
- Squatina squatina
- angelfish
- monkfish
noun a person who is ruthless and greedy and dishonestRelated Words- offender
- wrongdoer
- loan shark
- moneylender
- shylock
- usurer
noun a person who is unusually skilled in certain waysRelated Wordsverb play the sharkRelated Wordsverb hunt sharkRelated Words |