| 释义 |
principal
principalmain; foremost; the person in charge: the school principal; a capital sum (of money)
Not to be confused with:principle – essential quality; law; moral rule: true to her principles; doctrine: the principle of the matterprin·ci·pal P0563200 (prĭn′sə-pəl)adj.1. First or highest in rank or importance. See Synonyms at chief.2. Of, relating to, or being financial principal, or a principal in a financial transaction.n.1. a. One who holds a position of presiding rank, especially the head of an elementary school, middle school, or high school.b. A main participant in a situation, especially a financial transaction.c. A person having a leading or starring role in a performance, such as the first player in a section of an orchestra.2. a. An amount of capital originally borrowed or invested, as opposed to the interest paid or accruing on it.b. The most significant part of an estate, as opposed to minor or incidental components.3. Law a. The person on behalf of whom an agent acts.b. The person having prime responsibility for an obligation as distinguished from one who acts as surety or as an endorser.c. The main actor in the perpetration of a crime.4. Architecture Either of a pair of inclined timbers forming the sides of a triangular truss for a pitched roof.
[Middle English, from Old French, from Latin prīncipālis, from prīnceps, prīncip-, leader, emperor; see per in Indo-European roots.]
prin′ci·pal·ly adv.prin′ci·pal·ship′ n.Usage Note: Principal and principle are often confused but have no meanings in common. Principle is only a noun and usually refers to a rule or standard. Principal is both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it has specialized meanings in law and finance, but in general usage it refers to a person who holds a high position or plays an important role: a meeting among all the principals in the transaction. As an adjective it has the sense of "chief" or "leading": The coach's principal concern is the quarterback's health.principal (ˈprɪnsɪpəl) adj (prenominal) 1. first in importance, rank, value, etc; chief2. (Banking & Finance) denoting or relating to capital or property as opposed to interest, etcn3. a person who is first in importance or directs some event, action, organization, etc4. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) (in Britain) a civil servant of an executive grade who is in charge of a section5. (Law) law a. a person who engages another to act as his agentb. an active participant in a crimec. the person primarily liable to fulfil an obligation6. (Education) the head of a school or other educational institution7. (Education) (in Scottish schools) a head of department8. (Banking & Finance) finance a. capital or property, as contrasted with the income derived from itb. the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated9. (Building) a main roof truss or rafter10. (Music, other) music a. the chief instrumentalist in a section of the orchestrab. one of the singers in an opera companyc. either of two types of open diapason organ stops, one of four-foot length and pitch and the other of eight-foot length and pitch11. (Theatre) the leading performer in a play[C13: via Old French from Latin principālis chief, from princeps chief man, prince] ˈprincipalship nUsage: See at principleprin•ci•pal (ˈprɪn sə pəl)
adj. 1. first or highest in rank, importance, value, etc.; chief; foremost. 2. of or constituting principal or capital: a principal investment. n. 3. a chief or head. 4. the head or director of a school or, esp. in England, a college. 5. a chief actor or performer. 6. a matter of the greatest importance. 7. Law. a. a person who authorizes another to act for him or her. b. a person who commits a crime or is present and acts as an abettor. 8. a capital sum, as distinguished from interest or profit. 9. the main body of an estate, or the like, as distinguished from income. 10. (in a framed structure) a member, as a truss, upon which adjacent or similar members depend for support or reinforcement. 11. each of the combatants in a duel, as distinguished from the seconds. [1250–1300; Middle English < Latin prīncipālis first, chief =prīncip- (see prince) + -ālis -al1] prin′ci•pal•ly, adv. prin′ci•pal•ship`, n. syn: See capital1. usage: Although pronounced alike, principle and principal are not interchangeable in writing. A principle is broadly “a rule of action or conduct” or “a fundamental doctrine or tenet.” The adjective principal has the general sense “chief, first, foremost.” The noun principal has among other meanings “the head or director of a school” and “a capital sum, as distinguished from interest or profit.” headmaster principalIn Britain, the teacher in charge of a school is called the headmaster or headmistress. In America, these terms refer only to teachers in charge of private schools. The teacher in charge of any other kind of school is called the principal. In Britain, the person in charge of a college is often called a principal. In the United States, the person in charge of a college is usually called a president. Dr Susan Danby, Principal of the College of the Royal Academy of Dancing, 1979-99....a high-profile team of business people and educators, including former Yale president Benno Schmidt.
principal principle">principle1. 'principal'Principal can be an adjective or a noun. The principal thing or person in a group is the most important one. His principal interest in life was money.The principal character in the film was played by John Hurt.The principal of a school or college is the person in charge of it. The teacher sent me to the principal's office.Lodge was Principal of Birmingham University.See headmaster - principal2. 'principle'Principle is always a noun. A principle is a general rule that someone's behaviour or ideas are based on. She did not eat meat because it was against her principles.We follow the principle that everyone should be treated equally.principalA person who is in charge of a school or other educational institution.Thesaurus| Noun | 1. |  principal - the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculateddebt - money or goods or services owed by one person to anotherloan - the temporary provision of money (usually at interest) | | 2. |  principal - the educator who has executive authority for a school; "she sent unruly pupils to see the principal"head teacher, school principal, headchancellor - the honorary or titular head of a universityeducator, pedagog, pedagogue - someone who educates young peopleheadmaster, schoolmaster, master - presiding officer of a schoolheadmistress - a woman headmaster | | 3. | principal - an actor who plays a principal rolestar, leadactor, histrion, thespian, role player, player - a theatrical performerco-star - one of two actors who are given equal status as stars in a play or filmfilm star, movie star - a star who plays leading roles in the cinemamatinee idol, idol - someone who is adored blindly and excessivelytelevision star, TV star - a star in a television show | | 4. | principal - capital as contrasted with the income derived from itcorpus, principal sumcapital - wealth in the form of money or property owned by a person or business and human resources of economic value | | 5. | principal - (criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvementcriminal law - the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishmentoffender, wrongdoer - a person who transgresses moral or civil lawcriminal, crook, felon, malefactor, outlaw - someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime | | 6. | principal - the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchange; buys and sells for his own accountdealerbroker-dealer - a financial specialist who trades for his own account and so acts both as a broker and principalfinancier, moneyman - a person skilled in large scale financial transactions | | Adj. | 1. | principal - most important element; "the chief aim of living"; "the main doors were of solid glass"; "the principal rivers of America"; "the principal example"; "policemen were primary targets"; "the master bedroom"; "a master switch"chief, main, master, primaryimportant, of import - of great significance or value; "important people"; "the important questions of the day" |
principaladjective1. main, leading, chief, prime, first, highest, controlling, strongest, capital, key, essential, primary, most important, dominant, arch, cardinal, paramount, foremost, pre-eminent their principal concern is that of winning the next election
main minor, subsidiary, subordinate, inferior, supplementary, auxiliarynoun1. headmaster or headmistress, head (informal), director, dean, head teacher, rector, master or mistress the principal of the local high school2. boss, head, leader, director, chief (informal), master, ruler, superintendent, baas (S. African) the principal of the company3. star, lead, leader, prima ballerina, first violin, leading man or lady, coryphée soloists and principals of The Scottish Ballet orchestra4. capital, money, assets, working capital, capital funds Use the higher premiums to pay the interest and principal on the debt. see principleprincipaladjective1. Most important, influential, or significant:capital, cardinal, chief, first, foremost, key, leading, main, major, number one, paramount, premier, primary, prime, top.2. Having or exercising authority:chief, head.nounThe main performer in a theatrical production:lead, protagonist, star.Translationsprincipal (ˈprinsəpəl) adjective most important. Shipbuilding was one of Britain's principal industries. 最重要的 最重要的 noun1. the head of a school, college or university. 校長 校长2. a leading actor, singer or dancer in a theatrical production. 主要演員 主要演员3. the amount of money in a bank etc on which interest is paid. 本金，資本 本金，资本 ˈprincipally adverb mostly; chiefly. I am principally concerned with teaching English. 大部分，主要地 大抵，主要地 the principal (not principle) dancer.
principal (not principle) of the college.principal → 中小学校长zhCN, 主要的zhCN, 校长zhCN, 首脑zhCN
principal
principal1. (in Britain) a civil servant of an executive grade who is in charge of a section 2. Lawa. a person who engages another to act as his agent b. an active participant in a crime c. the person primarily liable to fulfil an obligation 3. the head of a school or other educational institution 4. (in Scottish schools) a head of department 5. Musica. the chief instrumentalist in a section of the orchestra b. one of the singers in an opera company c. either of two types of open diapason organ stops, one of four-foot length and pitch and the other of eight-foot length and pitch 6. the leading performer in a play principal1. One on whose behalf or in whose name binding transactions may be entered into by another, usually called the agent. 2. One for whose debt or default another (called a surety) promises to make good. 3. In professional practice, any person legally responsible for the activities of such practice. 4. In a framed structure, a most important member, such as a truss which supports the roof.principal
principal A fully qualified and registered general practitioner in the UK, who has a direct contract with a Health Authority to provide general medical services.principal
PrincipalA source of authority; a sum of a debt or obligation producing interest; the head of a school. In an agency relationship, the principal is the person who gives authority to another, called an agent, to act on his or her behalf. In Criminal Law, the principal is the chief actor or perpetrator of a crime; those who aid, abet, counsel, command, or induce the commission of a crime may also be principals. In investments and banking, the principal refers to the person for whom a Broker executes an order; it may also mean the capital invested or the face amount of a loan. A principal in the first degree is the chief actor or perpetrator of a crime. A principal in the second degree must be present at the commission of the criminal act and aid, abet, or encourage the principal in his or her criminal activity. Cross-references Principal and Surety. principaln. 1) main person in a business. 2) employer, the person hiring and directing employees (agents) to perform his/her/its business. It is particularly important to determine who is the principal since he/she/it is responsible for the acts of agents in the "scope of employment" under the doctrine of respondeat superior. 3) in criminal law, the main perpetrator (organizer and active committer) of a crime, as distinguished from an "accessory" who helps the principal in some fashion. The criminal principal is usually the person who originated the idea of committing the crime and/or directly carries it out, and is more likely to be charged with a higher degree of the crime, and receive a stiffer prison sentence. 4) adj. chief, leading, highest. (See: agency, agent, accessory, respondeat superior) PRINCIPAL. This word has several meanings. It is used in opposition to accessary, to show the degree of crime committed by two persons; thus, we say, the principal is more guilty than the accessary after the fact.
2. In estates, principal is used as opposed to incident or accessory; as in the following rule: "the incident shall pass by the grant of the principal, but not the principal by the grant of the incident. Accessorium non ducit, sed sequitur suum principale." Co. Litt. 152, a.
3. It is used in opposition to agent, and in this sense it signifies that the principal is the prime mover.
4. It is used in opposition to interest; as, the principal being secured tho interest will follow.
5. It is used also in opposition to surety; thus, we say the principal is answerable before the surety.
6. Principal is used also to denote the more important; as, the principal person.
7. In the English law, the chief person in some of the inns of chancery is called principal of the house. Principal is also used to designate the best of many things as, the best bed, the best table, and the like. PRINCIPAL, contracts. One who, being competent to contract, and who is sui juris, employs another to do any act for his own benefit, or on his own account.
2. As a general rule, it may be said, that every person, sui juris, is capable of being a principal, for in all cases where a man has power as owner, or in his own right to do anything, he may do it by another. 16 John. 86; 9 Co. 75; Com. Dig. Attorney, C 1; Heinec. ad Pand. P. 1, lib. 3, tit. Sec. 424.
3. Married women, and persons who are deprived of understanding, as idiots, lunatics, and others, not sui juris, are wholly incapable of entering into any contract, and, consequently, cannot appoint an agent. Infants and married women are generally, incapable but, under special circumstances, they may make such appointments. For instance, an infant may make an attorney, when it is for his benefit; but lie cannot enter into any contract which is to his prejudice. Com. Dig. Enfant, C 2; Perk. 13; 9 Co. 75; 3 Burr. 1804. A married woman cannot, in general, appoint an agent or attorney, and when it is requisite that one should be appointed, the husband generally appoints for both. Perhaps for her separate property she may, with her husband, appoint an agent or attorney; Cro. Car. 165,; 2 Leon. 200; 2 Bulst. R. 13; but this seems to be doubted. Cro. Jac. 617; Yelv. 1; 1 Brownl. 134; 2 Brownl. 248; Adams' Ej. 174; Runn. Ej. 148.
4. A principal has rights which he can enforce, and is liable to obligations which he must perform. These will be briefly considered: 1. The rights to which principals are entitled arise from obligations due to them by their agents, or by third persons.
5.-1st. The rights against their agents, are, 1. To call them to an account at all times, in relation to the business of their agency. 2. When the agent violates his obligations to his principal, either by exceeding his authority, or by positive misconduct, or by mere negligence or omissions in the discharge of the functions of his agency, or in any other manner, and any loss or damage falls on his principal, the latter will be entitled to full indemnity. Paley on Ag. by Lloyd, 7, 71, 74, and note 2 12 Pick. 328; 1 B. & Adolph. 415; 1 Liverm. Ag. 398. 3. The principal has a right to supersede his agent, where each may maintain a suit against a third person, by suing in his own name; and he may, by his own intervention, intercept, suspend, or extinguish the right of the agent under the contract. Paley Ag. by Lloyd, 362; 7 Taunt. 237, 243; 1 M. & S. 576 1 Liverm. Ag. 226-228; 2 W. C. C. R. 283; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 201-203.
6.-2d. The principal's rights against third persons. 1. When a contract is made by the agent with a third person in the name of his principal, the latter may enforce it by action. But to this rule there are some exceptions 1st. When the instrument is under seal, and it has been exclusively made between the agent and the third person; as, for example, a charter party or bottomry bond in this case the principal cannot sue on it. See 1 Paine, Cir. R. 252; 3 W. C. C. R. 560; 1 M. &. S. 573; Abbott, Ship, pt. 3, c. 1, s. 2. 2d. When an exclusive credit is given to and by the agent, and therefore the principal cannot be considered in any manner a party to the contract, although he may have authorized it, and be entitled to all the benefits arising from it. The case of a foreign factor, buying or selling goods, is an example of this kind: he is treated as between himself and the other party, as the sole contractor, and the real principal cannot sue or be sued on the contract. This, it has been well observed, is a general rule of commercial law, founded upon the known usage of trade; and it is strictly adhered to for the safety and convenience of foreign commerce. Story, Ag. Sec. 423; Smith Mer. Law, 66; 15 East, R. 62; 9 B. & C. 87. 3d. When the agent, has a lien or claim upon the property bought or sold, or upon its proceeds, when it equals or exceeds the amount of its value. Story, Ag. Sec. 407, 408, 424.
7.-2. But contracts are not unfrequently made without mentioning the name of the principal; in such case he may avail himself of the agreement, for the contract will be treated as that of the principal, as well as of the agent. Story, Ag. Sec. 109, 111, 403, 410, 417, 440; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd, 21, 22; Marsh. Ins. b. 1, c. 8, Sec. 3, p. 311; 2 Kent's Com. 3d edit. 630; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 201; vide 1 Paine's C. C. Rep. 252.
8.-3. Third persons are also liable to the principal for any tort or injury done to his property or rights in the course of the agency. Pal. Ag. by Lloyd, 363; Story, Ag. Sec. 436; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 205, 206; 15 East, R. 38.
9.-2. The liabilities of the principal are either to his agent or to third persons.
10.-1st. The liabilities of the principal to his agent, are, 1. To reimburse him all expenses he may have lawfully incurred about the agency. Story, Ag. Sec. 335 Story, Bailm. Sec. 196, 197; 2 Liv. Ag. 11 to 33.
2. To pay him his commissions as agreed upon, or according to the usage of trade, except in cases of gratuitous agency. Story, Ag. Sec. 323; Story, Bailm. 153, 154, 196 to 201. 3. To indemnify the agent when he has sustained damages in consequence of the principal's conduct for example, when the agent has innocently sold the goods of a third person, under the direction or authority of his principal, and a third person recovers damages against the agent, the latter will be entitled to reimbursement from the principal. Pal. Ag. by Lloyd, 152, 301; 2 John. Cas. 54; 17 John. 142; 14 Pick. 174.
11.-2d. The liabilities of the principal to third persons, are, 1. To fulfill all the engagements made by the agent, for or in the name of the principal, and which come within the scope of his authority. Story, Ag. Sec. 126.
2. When a man stands by and permits another to do an act in his name, his authority will be presumed. Vide Authority, and 2 Kent, Com. 3d edit. 614; Story, Ag. Sec. 89, 90, 91; and articles Assent; Consent.
3. The principal is liable to third persons for the misfeasance, negligence, or omission of duty of his agent; but he has a remedy over against the agent, when the injury has occurred in consequence of his misconduct or culpable neglect; Story, Ag. Sec. 308; Paley, Ag. by Lloyd, 152, 3; 1 Metc. 560; 1 B. Mont. 292; 5 B. Monr. 25; 9 W. & S. 72; 8 Pick. 23; 6 Gill & John. 292; 4 Q. B. 298; 1 Hare & Wall. Sel. Dee. 467; Dudl. So. Car. R. 265, 268; 5 Humph. 397; 2 Murph. 389; 1 Ired. 240; but the principal is not liable for torts committed by the agent without authority. 5 Humph. 397; 2 Murph. 389; 19 Wend. 343; 2 Metc. 853. A principal is also liable for the misconduct of a sub-agent, when retained by his direction, either express or implied. 1 B. & P. 404; 15 East, 66.
12. The general, rule, that a principal cannot be charged with injuries committed by his agent without his assent, admits of one exception, for reasons of policy. A sheriff is liable, even under a penal statute, for all injurious acts, willful or negligent, done by his appointed officers, colore officii, when charged and deputed by him to execute the law. The sheriff is, therefore, liable where his deputy wrongfully executes a writ; Dougl. 40; or where he takes illegal fees. 2 E. N. P. C. 585.
13. But the principal may be liable for his agent's misconduct, when he has agreed, either expressly or by implication, to be so liable. 8 T. R. 531; 2 Cas. N. P. C. 42. Vide Bouv. Inst. Index, h.t.; Agency; Agent. PRINCIPAL, crim. law. A principal is one who is the actor in the commission of a crime.
2. Principals are of two kinds; namely, 1. Principals in the first degree, are those who have actually with their own hands committed the fact, or have committed it through an innocent agent incapable himself, of doing so; as an example of the latter kind, may be mentioned the case of a person who incites a child wanting discretion, or a person non compos, to the commission of murder, or any other crime, the incitor, though absent, when the crime was committed, is, ex necessitate, liable for the acts of his agent and is a principal in the first degree. Fost. 340; 1 East, P. C. 118; 1 Hawk. c. 31, s. 7; 1 N. R. 92; 2 Leach, 978. It is not requisite that each of the principals should be present at the entire transaction. 2 East, P. C. 767. For example, where several persons agree to forge an instrument, and each performs some part of the forgery in pursuance of the common plan, each is principal in the forgery, although one may be away when it is signed. R. & R. C. C. 304; Mo. C. C. 304, 307.
3.-2. Principals in the second degree, are those who were present aiding and abetting the commission of the fact. They are generally termed aiders and abettors, and sometimes, improperly, accomplices. (q.v.) The presence which is required in order to make a man principal in the second degree, need not be a strict actual, immediate presence, such a presence as would make him an eye or ear witness of what passes, but may be a constructive presence. It must be such as may be sufficient to afford aid and assistance to the principal in the first degree. 9 Pick. R. 496; 1 Russell, 21; Foster, 350.
4. It is evident from the definition that to make a wan a principal, he must be an actor in the commission of the crime and, therefore, if a man happen merely to be present when a felony is committed without taking any part in it or aiding those who do, he will not, for that reason, be considered a principal. 1 Hale, P. C. 439; Foster, 350. principal
Principal(1) The total amount of money being borrowed or lent. (2) The party affected by agent decisions in a principal-agent relationship.Principal1. A person or organization party to a transaction or event.
2. The amount that one borrows. For example, if one borrows $100,000, the principal amount is $100,000. Interest is calculated over the principal (and often over unpaid interest that accumulates).principal1. The face amount of a bond. Once a bond has been issued, it may sell at more or less than its principal amount, depending upon changes in interest rates and the riskiness of the security. At maturity, however, the bond will be redeemed for its principal amount. Also called principal amount.2. Funds put up by an investor.3. The person who owns or takes delivery of an asset in a trade. For example, an investor is the principal for whom a broker executes a trade.Principal.Principal can refer to an amount of money you invest, the face amount of a bond, or the balance you owe on a debt, distinct from the finance charges you pay to borrow. A principal is also a person for whom a broker carries out a trade, or a person who executes a trade on his or her own behalf. principal - a sum of money or capital which can earn INTEREST.
- the owner of a firm or other assets who assigns the management of the firm or assets to an AGENT who acts on behalf of the principal. See PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY, AGENCY COST.
principal - a sum of money or capital that can earn INTEREST.
- the owner of a firm or other assets who assigns the management of the firm or assets to an AGENT who acts on behalf of the principal. See PRINCIPAL-AGENT THEORY, AGENCY COST.
principal(1) One who has permitted or instructed another—called an agent—to act on his or her behalf and according to his or her instructions. (2) One who is primarily liable for an obligation, as opposed to a surety,who is secondarily liable.(3) With a promissory note,the principal is the unpaid balance of the funds borrowed,not including any interest or other fees.(4) In a trust,the property of the trust that generates income.Principal can be real property or personal property. PrincipalThe portion of the monthly payment that is used to reduce the loan balance. See Amortization. AcronymsSeepralprincipal
Synonyms for principaladj mainSynonyms- main
- leading
- chief
- prime
- first
- highest
- controlling
- strongest
- capital
- key
- essential
- primary
- most important
- dominant
- arch
- cardinal
- paramount
- foremost
- pre-eminent
Antonyms- minor
- subsidiary
- subordinate
- inferior
- supplementary
- auxiliary
noun headmaster or headmistressSynonyms- headmaster or headmistress
- head
- director
- dean
- head teacher
- rector
- master or mistress
noun bossSynonyms- boss
- head
- leader
- director
- chief
- master
- ruler
- superintendent
- baas
noun starSynonyms- star
- lead
- leader
- prima ballerina
- first violin
- leading man or lady
- coryphée
noun capitalSynonyms- capital
- money
- assets
- working capital
- capital funds
Synonyms for principaladj most important, influential, or significantSynonyms- capital
- cardinal
- chief
- first
- foremost
- key
- leading
- main
- major
- number one
- paramount
- premier
- primary
- prime
- top
adj having or exercising authoritySynonymsnoun the main performer in a theatrical productionSynonymsSynonyms for principalnoun the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculatedRelated Wordsnoun the educator who has executive authority for a schoolSynonyms- head teacher
- school principal
- head
Related Words- chancellor
- educator
- pedagog
- pedagogue
- headmaster
- schoolmaster
- master
- headmistress
noun an actor who plays a principal roleSynonymsRelated Words- actor
- histrion
- thespian
- role player
- player
- co-star
- film star
- movie star
- matinee idol
- idol
- television star
- TV star
noun capital as contrasted with the income derived from itSynonymsRelated Wordsnoun (criminal law) any person involved in a criminal offense, regardless of whether the person profits from such involvementRelated Words- criminal law
- offender
- wrongdoer
- criminal
- crook
- felon
- malefactor
- outlaw
noun the major party to a financial transaction at a stock exchangeSynonymsRelated Words- broker-dealer
- financier
- moneyman
adj most important elementSynonymsRelated Words |