primitive accumulation

(MARXISM) the historical process whereby capital was originally amassed prior to CAPITALISM. In Das Kapital Marx asks how CAPITAL came into being before SURPLUS VALUE, which is only produced under capitalist social relationships. His answer was that the process of primitive accumulation involved, in England, the forcible expropriation of the peasantry from the land, making both land and labour available for agrarian capitalists who could then work the land for capitalist profit. This provided one of the main conditions for the emergence of capitalism: the separation of the producers from the means of production. A secondary factor in Marx's original formulation, but emphasized more strongly by some Marxists, was the role of colonialism in primitive accumulation. Marx in general sees that this had a role, through colonial plunder whereby wealth was extracted through noncapitalist means and transferred to Europe. However, to be transformed into capital there had also to be capitalist social relationships in Europe; hence its role can be seen as secondary. See also ACCUMULATION (OR EXPANDED OR EXTENDED REPRODUCTION) OF CAPITAL.

单词	primitive accumulation
释义	primitive accumulation primitive accumulation (MARXISM) the historical process whereby capital was originally amassed prior to CAPITALISM. In Das Kapital Marx asks how CAPITAL came into being before SURPLUS VALUE, which is only produced under capitalist social relationships. His answer was that the process of primitive accumulation involved, in England, the forcible expropriation of the peasantry from the land, making both land and labour available for agrarian capitalists who could then work the land for capitalist profit. This provided one of the main conditions for the emergence of capitalism: the separation of the producers from the means of production. A secondary factor in Marx's original formulation, but emphasized more strongly by some Marxists, was the role of colonialism in primitive accumulation. Marx in general sees that this had a role, through colonial plunder whereby wealth was extracted through noncapitalist means and transferred to Europe. However, to be transformed into capital there had also to be capitalist social relationships in Europe; hence its role can be seen as secondary. See also ACCUMULATION (OR EXPANDED OR EXTENDED REPRODUCTION) OF CAPITAL.
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