| 释义 |
Serax
Thesaurus| Noun | 1. | Serax - a tranquilizing drug (trade name Serax) used to treat anxiety and insomnia and alcohol withdrawaloxazepamantianxiety drug, anxiolytic, anxiolytic drug, minor tranquilizer, minor tranquilliser, minor tranquillizer - a tranquilizer used to relieve anxiety and reduce tension and irritabilitybrand, brand name, marque, trade name - a name given to a product or service |
Serax
Serax [ser´aks] trademark for preparations of oxazepam, an antianxiety agent.oxazepam (ox-az-e-pam) oxazepam, Novoxapam (trade name), Oxpam (trade name), Serax (trade name) Classification Therapeutic: antianxiety agents
Pharmacologic: benzodiazepines
Pregnancy Category: D
IndicationsManagement of anxiety, anxiety associated with depression.Symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.ActionDepresses the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.Therapeutic effectsDecreased anxiety.Diminished symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.PharmacokineticsAbsorption: Well absorbed following oral administration. Absorption is slower than with other benzodiazepines.Distribution: Widely distributed. Crosses the blood-brain barrier. May cross the placenta and enter breast milk.Metabolism and Excretion: Metabolized by the liver to inactive compounds.Protein Binding: 97%.Half-life: 5–15 hr.Time/action profile (sedation)| ROUTE | ONSET | PEAK | DURATION |
|---|
| PO | 45–90 min | unknown | 6–12 hr |
Contraindications/PrecautionsContraindicated in: Hypersensitivity;Cross-sensitivity with other benzodiazepines may exist;Comatose patients or those with pre-existing CNS depression;Uncontrolled severe pain;Angle-closure glaucoma;Some products contain tartrazine and should be avoided in patients with known intolerance; Obstetric / Lactation: Pregnancy or lactation.Use Cautiously in: Hepatic dysfunction (may be preferred over some benzodiazepines due to short half-life);History of suicide attempt or substance use disorder;Debilitated patients (initial dosage ↓ recommended);Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;Myasthenia gravis; Pediatric: Children <6 yr (safety not established); Geriatric: Appears on Beers list (associated with ↑ risk of falls; ↓ dose required); ↑sensitivity to benzodiazepines.Adverse Reactions/Side EffectsCentral nervous system- dizziness (most frequent)
- drowsiness (most frequent)
- confusion
- hangover
- headache
- impaired memory
- mental depression
- paradoxical excitation
- slurred speech
Ear, Eye, Nose, ThroatRespiratoryCardiovascularGastrointestinal- constipation
- diarrhea
- drug-induced hepatitis
- nausea
- vomiting
- weight gain (unusual)
GenitourinaryDermatologicHematologicMiscellaneous- physical dependence
- psychological dependence
- tolerance
InteractionsDrug-Drug interactionAdditive CNS depression with other CNS depressants, including alcohol, antihistamines, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and other sedative/hypnotics (including other benzodiazepines ).May ↓ the therapeutic effectiveness of levodopa.Hormonal contraceptives or phenytoin may ↓ effectiveness.Theophylline may ↓ sedative effects.Concomitant use of kava-kava, valerian, skullcap, chamomile, or hops can ↑ CNS depression.Route/DosageOral (Adults) Antianxiety agent—10–30 mg 3–4 times daily. Sedative/hypnotic/management of alcohol withdrawal—15–30 mg 3–4 times daily.Oral (Geriatric Patients) 5 mg 1–2 times daily initially or 10 mg 3 times daily; may be ↑ as needed.Availability (generic available)Capsules: 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg Tablets: 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg Nursing implicationsNursing assessment- Assess patient for anxiety and orientation, mood and behavior.
- Assess level of sedation (ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech) periodically throughout therapy.
- Assess regularly for continued need for treatment.
- Prolonged high-dose therapy may lead to psychological or physical dependence. Restrict the amount of drug available to patient.
- Geriatric: Assess CNS effects and risk of falls. Institute falls prevention strategies.
- Lab Test Considerations: Monitor CBC and liver function tests periodically during prolonged therapy.
- May cause decreased thyroidal uptake of sodium iodide 123I and 131I.
Potential Nursing DiagnosesAnxiety (Indications)
Ineffective coping (Indications)
Risk for injury (Side Effects)
Implementation- Medication should be tapered at the completion of therapy (taper by 0.5 mg q 3 days). Sudden cessation of medication may lead to withdrawal (insomnia, irritability, nervousness, tremors).
- Oral: Administer with food if GI irritation becomes a problem.
Patient/Family Teaching- Instruct patient to take oxazepam exactly as directed. Missed doses should be taken within 1 hr; if remembered later, omit and return to regular dosing schedule. Do not double or increase doses. If dose is less effective after a few weeks, notify health care professional.
- Inform patient that oxazepam is usually prescribed for short-term use. Encourage patient to participate in psychotherapy to address source of anxiety and improve coping skills.
- Encourage patient to participate in psychotherapy to address source of anxiety and improve coping skills.
- Teach other methods to decrease anxiety, such as increased exercise, support group, relaxation techniques.
- May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring alertness until response to medication is known.
- Advise patient to avoid the use of alcohol and to consult health care professional prior to the use of OTC preparations that contain antihistamines or alcohol.
- Advise patient to notify health care professional of medication regimen prior to treatment or surgery.
- Advise patient to inform health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected.
- Emphasize the importance of follow-up exams to monitor effectiveness of medication.
- Geriatric: Instruct patient and family how to reduce falls risk at home.
Evaluation/Desired Outcomes- Decreased sense of anxiety.
- Increased ability to cope.
- Prevention or relief of acute agitation, tremor, and hallucinations during alcohol withdrawal.
Serax® Oxazepam, see there. Serax
Synonyms for Seraxnoun a tranquilizing drug (trade name Serax) used to treat anxiety and insomnia and alcohol withdrawalSynonymsRelated Words- antianxiety drug
- anxiolytic
- anxiolytic drug
- minor tranquilizer
- minor tranquilliser
- minor tranquillizer
- brand
- brand name
- marque
- trade name
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