| 释义 |
substitution
sub·sti·tu·tion S0853500 (sŭb′stĭ-to͞o′shən, -tyo͞o′-)n.1. a. The act or process of substituting: the substitution of human workers with robots.b. An instance of this: made several substitutions to the recipe.2. One that is substituted; a substitute; a replacement: proposed drug therapy as a substitution for surgery.
sub′sti·tu′tion·al, sub′sti·tu′tion·ar′y adj.sub′sti·tu′tion·al·ly adv.substitution (ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən) n1. the act of substituting or state of being substituted2. something or someone substituted3. (Mathematics) maths the replacement of a term of an equation by another that is known to have the same value in order to simplify the equation4. (Mathematics) maths logic a. the uniform replacement of one expression by anotherb. substitution instance an expression so derived from another5. (Logic) maths logic a. the uniform replacement of one expression by anotherb. substitution instance an expression so derived from anotherThesaurus| Noun | 1. |  substitution - an event in which one thing is substituted for another; "the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood"permutation, switch, transposition, replacementvariation, fluctuation - an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change | | 2. | substitution - the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help"commutation, exchangechange - the action of changing something; "the change of government had no impact on the economy"; "his change on abortion cost him the election"replacement, replacing - the act of furnishing an equivalent person or thing in the place of another; "replacing the star will not be easy"subrogation - (law) the act of substituting of one creditor for anotherweaning, ablactation - the act of substituting other food for the mother's milk in the diet of a child or young mammal |
substitutionnoun replacement, exchange, switch, swap, change, interchange last-minute substitutionssubstitutionnounThe act of exchanging or substituting:change, commutation, exchange, interchange, shift, switch, trade, transposition.Informal: swap.Translationssubstitute (ˈsabstitjuːt) verb to put in, or to take, the place of someone or something else. I substituted your name for mine on the list. 替代 替代 noun a person or thing used or acting instead of another. Guesswork is no substitute for investigation; She is not well enough to play in the tennis match, so we must find a substitute; (also adjective) I was substitute headmaster for a term. 代替人(物) 代替人（物） ˌsubstiˈtution noun the act of substituting, or process of being substituted. 代替 代替Substitution
substitution[‚səb·stə′tü·shən] (psychology) A defense mechanism whereby an unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one that is more attainable or acceptable. SubstitutionA material or process offered in lieu of, and equivalent to, the specified material or process.Substitution (law), in a will, the naming of a second heir, called a substitute heir. In Soviet law—for example, in Article 536 of the Civil Code of the RSFSR—a substitute heir can accede to an inheritance only if the first heir dies before the opening of the inheritance or does not accept the inheritance. In several other socialist countries, such as Hungary and Poland, legislation provides for substitution. In Poland, the law of inheritance allows substitution not only with respect to an heir ex testamento but also with respect to an heir ab intestato (art. 963 of the Civil Code). substitutionA material or process offered in lieu of, and as being equivalent to, a specified material or process.SubstitutionArsinoëput her own son in place of Orestes; her son was killed and Orestes was saved. [Gk. Myth.: Zimmerman, 32]Barabbasrobber freed in Christ’s stead. [N.T.: Matthew 27:15–18; Swed. Lit.: Barabbas]Canty, Tomyoung beggar takes to throne in prince’s stead. [Am. Lit.: The Prince and the Pauper]Edward, Prince of Waleskingling becomes urchin in clothing exchange. [Am. Lit.: The Prince and the Pauper]George, Tobeyafter Marcus’s death, replaces him in his family. [Am. Lit.: The Human Comedy]Hagarthinking herself barren, Sarah offers slave to Abraham. [O.T.: Genesis 16:1–4]Leahdeceptively substituted for Rachel in Jacob’s bed. [O.T.: Genesis 29:22–25]whipping boysurrogate sufferer for delinquent prince. [Eur. Hist.: Brewer Note-Book, 942]substitution
substitution [sub″stĭ-too´shun] the act of putting one thing in the place of another, such as the chemical replacement of one atom or substituent group by another. Called also replacement.a defense mechanism in which an individual replaces an unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or motive with one that is attainable or acceptable.sub·sti·tu·tion (sŭb'sti-tū'shŭn), 1. In chemistry, replacement of an atom or group in a compound by another atom or group (for example, substitution of H by Cl in CH4 to give CH3Cl). 2. In psychoanalysis, an unconscious defense mechanism by which an unacceptable or unattainable goal, object, or emotion is replaced by one that is more acceptable or attainable; the process is more acute and direct, and less subtle, than sublimation. [L. substitutio, to put in place of another] substitution Psychiatry An unconscious defense mechanism through which an unattainable or unacceptable goal, emotion, or object is replaced by one that is more attainable or acceptable. See Ego defense mechanism. sub·sti·tu·tion (sŭb'sti-tū'shŭn) 1. chemistry The replacement of an atom or group in a compound by another atom or group. 2. psychoanalysis An unconscious defense mechanism by which an unacceptable or unattainable goal, object, or emotion is replaced by one that is more acceptable or attainable; the process is more acute and direct, and less subtle, than sublimation. [L. substitutio, to put in place of another]substitution - a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is removed and replaced by another atom or group.
- the replacement of one amino acid by another.
- the replacement of one base by another in a nucleotide or nucleic acid.
sub·sti·tu·tion (sŭb'sti-tū'shŭn) chemistry the replacement of an atom or group in a com pound by another atom or group. [L. substitutio, to put in place of another]Patient discussion about substitutionQ. Do people substitute one addiction with another? If someone used to be addicted to alcohol and drugs, but is now clean for several months, is it likely that he will develop an addiction to something else (for example cigarettes or gambling)?A. I'd just like to add my 2 cents worth: Addictive behavior transfers to just about anything; addiction is the problem. Just as addicts have to learn that alcohol is also a drug, we must recognize that addiction is the problem; it is the behavior that is the problem. A common thing for addicts to do is to stop using drugs (including alcohol) and to substitute with people instead, for example, to become involved in codependent relationships with others, or to recognize that their ongoing relationships may also be codependent. It's not uncommon for individuals to go to CoDA (Codependents Anonymous) in addition to AA/NA or GA(Gambler's Anonymous), MA (Marijuana Anonymous)...Others find it more beneficial to use one program (like NA, e.g.), while realizing that addiction refers to more than just a drug or substance. Q. Any suggestions for coping with asthma in 5 year old? My daughter has asthma. It comes on when she has a cold or an ear or throat infection. I had to give her a liquid steroid last night as she had asthma really badly, the trouble is the steroid makes her so hyper-active, jumping off lounges and running around etc. It drives me crazy because she really needs to rest. I have seen specialists and this is what they all prescribe. What sort of medications do you give your asthmatic child? Are there any new developments I'm not aware of? I would really like some natural remedies if there is any, or diet tips.A. hi whiteh,i am a retired respiratory therapist,depending on how bad your child is with her attacks will determine what types of meds work for her steroids are given for bad asthma an it might be the only thing that works good for her,her dr knows best.if your child has a regular dr. get a pulmonary specialist for her.----also steroids should NOT BE STOPPED right AWAY if your child has been on high doses this can cause her to have a bad attack.---mrfoot56 More discussions about substitutionSubstitution
Related to Substitution: Substitution method, substitution effect, substitution mutationsubstitutionn. putting one person in place of another, in particular replacement of the attorney of record in a lawsuit with another attorney (or the party acting in propria persona). (See: substitution of attorney) SUBSTITUTION, civil law. In the law of devises, it is the putting of one person in the place of another, so that he may, in default of ability in the former, or after him, have the benefit of a devise or legacy.
2. It is a species of subrogation made in two different ways; the first is direct substitution, and the latter a trust or fidei commissary substitution. The first or direct substitution, is merely the institution of a second legatee, in case the first should be either incapable or unwilling to accept the legacy; for example, if a testator should give to Peter his estate, but in case he cannot legally receive it, or he willfully refuses it, then I give it to Paul; this is a direct substitution. Fidei commissary substitution is that which takes place when the person substituted is not to receive the legacy until after the first legatee, and consequently must receive the thing bequeathed from the hands of the latter for example, I institute Peter my heir, and I request that at his death he shall deliver my succession to Paul. Merl. Repert. h.t.; 5 Toull. 14. SUBSTITUTION, chancery practice. This takes place in a case where a creditor has a lien on two different parcels of land, and another creditor has a subsequent lien on one only of the parcels, and the prior creditor elects to have his whole demand out of the parcel of land on which the subsequent creditor takes his lien; the latter is entitled, by way of substitution, to have the prior lien assigned to him for his benefit. 1 Johns. Ch. R. 409; 2 Hawk's Rep. 623; 2 Mason, R. 342. And in a case where a bond creditor exacts the whole of the debt from one of the sureties, that surety is entitled to be substituted in his place, and to a cession of his rights and securities, as if be were a purchaser, either against the principal or his co-sureties. Id. 413; 1 Paige's R. 185; 7 John. Ch. Rep. 211; 10 Watts, R. 148.
2. A surety on paying the debt is entitled to stand in the place of the creditor and to be subrogated to all his rights against the principal. 2 Johns. Ch. R. 454. 4 Johns. Ch. R. 123; 1 Edw. R. 164; 7 John. R. 584; 3 Paige's R. 117; 2 Call, R. 125; 2 Yerg. R. 346; 1 Gill & John. 346; 6 Rand. R. 98,; 8 Watts, R. 384. In Pennsylvania it is provided by act of assembly, that in all cases where a constable shall be entrusted with the execution of any process for the collection of money, and by neglect of duty shall fail to collect the same, by means whereof the bail or security of such constable shall be compelled to pay the amount of any judgment shall vest in the person paying, as aforesaid, the equitable interest in such judgment, and the amount due upon any such judgment may be collected in the name of the plaintiff for the use of such person. Pamphlet Laws, 1828-29, p. 370. Vide 2 Binn. R. 382, and Subrogation. substitution
substitutionIn appraisal,the principle that the value of property may be determined by examining the sales prices of similar properties sold in the past.The theory is that a buyer would be indifferent to the substitution and either property would be acceptable. substitution
Related to substitution: Substitution method, substitution effect, substitution mutationSynonyms for substitutionnoun replacementSynonyms- replacement
- exchange
- switch
- swap
- change
- interchange
Synonyms for substitutionnoun the act of exchanging or substitutingSynonyms- change
- commutation
- exchange
- interchange
- shift
- switch
- trade
- transposition
- swap
Synonyms for substitutionnoun an event in which one thing is substituted for anotherSynonyms- permutation
- switch
- transposition
- replacement
Related Wordsnoun the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another: "he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help"SynonymsRelated Words- change
- replacement
- replacing
- subrogation
- weaning
- ablactation
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