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单词 parathyroid gland
释义

parathyroid gland


parathyroid gland

n. Any of usually four small kidney-shaped glands that lie in pairs near or within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and secrete parathyroid hormone.

parathyroid gland

n (Anatomy) any one of the small egg-shaped endocrine glands situated near or embedded within the thyroid gland: they secrete parathyroid hormone

parathy′roid gland`


n. any of several small paired glands in vertebrates, usu. lying near or embedded in the thyroid gland, that secrete parathyroid hormone. [1900–05]

par·a·thy·roid gland

(păr′ə-thī′roid) Any of four kidney-shaped glands located behind or within the thyroid gland of many vertebrate animals. The parathyroid glands secrete a hormone (called parathyroid hormone) that regulates the amount of calcium in the blood.

parathyroid gland

Any of four pea-sized endocrine glands on the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone.
Thesaurus
Noun1.parathyroid gland - any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid glandparathyroidductless gland, endocrine gland, endocrine - any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
Translations

parathyroid gland


Parathyroid gland

An endocrine organ usually associated with the thyroid gland and possessed by all vertebrates except the fishes. In response to lowered serum calcium concentration, a hormone is produced which promotes bone destruction and inhibits the phosphorus-conserving activity of the kidneys. See Thyroid gland

Common positions of human parathyroid glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroidCommon positions of human parathyroid glands on the posterior aspect of the thyroid

In humans, there are typically four glands situated as shown in the illustration; however, the number varies between three and six, with four appearing about 80% of the time. Variations in the positioning of the glands along the craniocaudal axis occur but, excepting parathyroid III which may occasionally be found upon the anterior surface of the trachea, the relation to the posterior surface of the thyroid is rarely lost.

The parathyroid glands are essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphate concentrations in the extracellular fluids of amphibians and higher vertebrates. Parathyroid hormone has two major target organs, bone and kidney. It acts on bone in several ways. Short-term changes include a rapid uptake of bone fluid calcium into osteoblast cells, which in turn pump the calcium into the extracellular fluids. Long-term effects include increased activity and number of osteoclasts, bone cells which act to break down bone matrix and release calcium from bone. All of these effects result in increased blood calcium values. See Bone, Calcium metabolism

Parathyroid hormone inhibits the renal reabsorption of phosphate, thus increasing the urinary output of phosphate. Phosphate reabsorption across the renal tubule is dependent upon sodium transport, and parathyroid hormone interferes with this sodium-dependent phosphate transport in the proximal tubule. Another important effect of parathyroid hormone on the kidney is to increase the renal reabsorption of calcium, thus reducing the loss of calcium in the urine and conserving calcium in the body. See Kidney

Finally, there are reports that parathyroid hormone indirectly stimulates calcium uptake into the body across the intestine. Parathyroid hormone stimulates the production of the most active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, during vitamin D synthesis. This metabolite of vitamin D directly stimulates the intestinal absorption of calcium. See Endocrine system (vertebrate), Parathyroid hormone

parathyroid gland

[¦par·ə′thī‚rȯid ‚gland] (anatomy) A paired endocrine organ located within, on, or near the thyroid gland in the neck region of all vertebrates except fishes.

parathyroid gland


par·a·thy·roid gland

[TA] one of two small paired endocrine glands, superior and inferior, usually found embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; they secrete parathyroid hormone that regulates metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The parenchyma is composed of chief and oxyphilic cells arranged in anastomosing cords. Inadvertent removal of all parathyroid glands, as during thyroidectomy, produces tetany and may be fatal in the absence of hormone replacement therapy. Synonym(s): glandula parathyroidea [TA], epithelial body, parathyroid (2)

parathyroid gland

n. Any of usually four small kidney-shaped glands that lie in pairs near or within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and secrete parathyroid hormone.

parathyroid gland

A small gland located at the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland, which regulates calcium by secreting PTH; is critical to calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and magnesium balance and in normal bone mineralization. See PTH.

par·a·thy·roid gland

(par'ă-thī'royd gland) [TA] One of two small paired endocrine glands, superior and inferior, usually found embedded in the connective tissue capsule on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland; they secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. The parenchyma is composed of chief and oxyphilic cells arranged in anastomosing cords. Inadvertent removal of all parathyroid glands, as during thyroidectomy, produces tetany and death.
Synonym(s): parathyroid (2) .

parathyroid gland


Related to parathyroid gland: parathyroid hormone, pineal gland, adrenal gland, thymus gland
  • noun

Synonyms for parathyroid gland

noun any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland

Synonyms

  • parathyroid

Related Words

  • ductless gland
  • endocrine gland
  • endocrine
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