| 单词 | monoclonal antibody | |||
| 释义 | monoclonal antibodymonoclonal antibodymonoclonal antibody(ˌmɒnəʊˈkləʊnəl)mon′oclo′nal an′tibodyn.
monoclonal antibodymonoclonal antibody,an antibody that is mass produced in the laboratory from a single clone and that recognizes only one antigen. Monoclonal antibodies are typically made by fusing a normally short-lived, antibody-producing B cell (see immunityimmunity,ability of an organism to resist disease by identifying and destroying foreign substances or organisms. Although all animals have some immune capabilities, little is known about nonmammalian immunity. ..... Click the link for more information. ) to a fast-growing cell, such as a cancer cell (sometimes referred to as an "immortal" cell). The resulting hybrid cell, or hybridoma, multiplies rapidly, creating a clone that produces large quantities of the antibody. Monoclonal antibodies engendered much excitement in the medical world and in the financial world in the 1980s, especially as potential cures for cancer. They have been used in laboratory research and in medical tests since the mid-1970s, but their effectiveness in disease treatment was limited especially by the tendency of the early monoclonal antibodies to provoke an immune response against them because of the use of mouse cells in creating the hybridoma. This problem has been overcome through the use of recombinant DNA to produce chimeric and humanized monoclonal antibodies and of transgenic mice and other techniques to produce human antibodies. Monoclonal antibody therapies have been developed to treat transplant rejection, some autoimmune diseases, and some types of lymphoma, leukemia, and breast and other cancers. These therapies use monoclonal antibodies to home in on specific antigens found on the surface of targeted cells to deliver radioactive materials, drugs or inactive drug precursors (subsequent converted to a drug by an enzyme), tumor-suppressing genes, or substances that suppress or inhibit signaling molecules involved in disease processes. BibliographySee study by L. V. Marks (2015). monoclonal antibody[¦män·ə¦klō·nəl ′ant·i‚bäd·ē]monoclonal antibodymonoclonal antibodymon·o·clo·nal an·ti·bod·y (MAB, MoAb),The technique for producing monoclonal antibodies, invented in 1975 by molecular biologists César Milstein and Georges Köhler, has become a mainstay of immunologic research and medical diagnosis. MoAbs serve as experimental probes in cell biology, biochemistry, and parasitology, and are used in purification of biological substances and certain drugs (for example, interferons). Because of their high specificity in binding to target antigens, they provide far more accurate assays than conventional antiserum. They are used in the therapy of a wide variety of disorders, including Crohn disease, rheumatoid arthritis, rejection of transplanted organs, and neoplasms, particularly myelogenous and lymphocytic leukemias and lymphomas. Monoclonal antibodies kill tumor cells by several mechanisms, including apoptosis and lysis mediated by complement and cytotoxic cells, They can also act as conduits for radioisotopes or toxic agents linked to them. The generic name assigned to a monoclonal antibody or fragment ends in -mab. The syllable preceding the suffix indicates the source of the antibody (for example, -a-, rat; -o-, mouse; -u-, human) and the syllable before that indicates the relevant disease type or tumor site (for example, -cir-, circulatory; -gov-, gonad-ovary; -tum-, unspecified tumor). Thus, satumomab, a mouse-derived tumor antibody. monoclonal antibodymonoclonal antibodyDiagnosticsMabs are used in diagnostics by radioactively labelling them to target malignant cells, detect metastases and screen body fluids for microorganisms, or measure levels of circulating hormones. Fringe oncology Alternative healthcare providers may include therapeutic Mabs as a part of treatment. Immunology A highly specific antibody formed by a clone of B lymphocytes, either naturally (e.g., in cold haemagglutinin) or produced synthetically by fusing an immortal cell (mouse myeloma) to a cell producing an antibody against a desired antigen. Oncology Mabs are increasingly used in cancer management as they directly inhibit the growth of certain tumours, can be chemically bound to toxins that are lethal to malignant cells, stimulate the complement system in destroying malignant cells, can be used to purge the BM of malignant cells, and form the basis for vaccines and drug delivery systems. Adverse effects Allergic reactions, fevers, chills, hypotension, liver and kidney problems. Pathology Mabs are used in pathology to differentiate tumour subtypes with batteries of Mabs raised against intermediate filaments or membrane antigens. monoclonal antibodyMAb, MoAb Diagnostics MAbs are used in diagnostics by radioactively-labelling MAbs to target malignant cells, detect metastases, and screen body fluids for microorganisms or measure levels of circulating hormones. MAbs are used in pathology to differentiate tumor subtypes with batteries of MAbs against intermediate filaments or membrane antigens. See Hybridoma Immunology A highly specific antibody formed by a clone of B lymphocytes, either naturally–eg, in cold hemagglutinin disease, plasma cell dyscrasia, or produced synthetically by fusing an immortal cell–mouse myeloma to a cell producing an antibody against a desired antigen. See Monoclonal immunoglobulin Oncology MAbs are viewed as a therapy for CA, as they directly inhibit the growth of certain tumors, can be chemically bound to toxins that are lethal to malignant cells, stimulate the complement system–a nonspecific arm of the immune system, which may destroy malignant cells, can be used to purge the BM of malignant cells, form the basis for CA vaccines, and for drug delivery systems Adverse effects Allergic reactions, fevers, chills, hypotension, liver and kidney problems. See Biological response modifier, Clone bank, HAMA. Cf Humanized antibody.mon·o·clo·nal an·ti·bod·y(mon'ō-klō'năl an'ti-bod-ē)See also: cluster of differentiation monoclonal antibody (mAb)an ANTIBODY produced by a CLONE of cells derived from a single, selected cell. Such antibodies are extremely pure and monoclonal techniques have enabled the production of specific antibodies to tumerous cells.Monoclonal antibodymon·o·clo·nal an·ti·bod·y(mon'ō-klō'năl an'ti-bod-ē)See MAB monoclonal antibody
Synonyms for monoclonal antibody
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