| 单词 | nephrosis | ||||||
| 释义 | nephrosisenUKne·phro·sisN0062400 (nə-frō′sĭs)nephrosis(nɪˈfrəʊsɪs)ne•phro•sis(nəˈfroʊ sɪs)n.
nephrosisenUKnephrosis(nəfrō`səs), kidney disease characterized by lesions of the epithelial lining of the renal tubules, resulting in marked disturbance in the filtration function and the consequent appearance of large amounts of protein (albumin) in the urine (see urinary systemurinary system,group of organs of the body concerned with excretion of urine, that is, water and the waste products of metabolism. In humans, the kidneys are two small organs situated near the vertebral column at the small of the back, the left lying somewhat higher than the ..... Click the link for more information. ). The nephrotic syndrome can result from a number of conditions including streptococcal infection in children leading to chronic glomerulonephritis, reaction to toxins, diabetes, collagen disease, and other end-stage kidney diseases. The major symptom is massive edema. Corticosteroid therapy has been successful in treating certain forms of the disease. Nephrosisan obsolete term for the nephrotic syndrome. The term was used to designate degenerative changes in the renal tubules accompanied by a massive excretion of protein in the urine, by a decrease in the protein content and an increase in the fat content of the blood, by edema, and by other symptoms. Lipoid and amyloid nephroses were once classified as distinct diseases. Detailed histological studies of the kidneys, especially those studies that used the electron microscope and other research methods, have established that the glomeruli are affected in nephrosis as well as the tubules. Thus, there is no strict morphological difference between nephritis and nephrosis. Furthermore, clinical observations show that a disease that begins as lipoid nephrosis often acquires features of nephritis and, conversely, that glomerulonephritis develops into lipoid nephrosis. nephrosis[nə′frō·səs]nephrosisenUKnephrosis[nĕ-fro´sis]The loss of proteins, especially albumin, by leakage from the capillaries into the urine, produces a shift of fluids from the intravascular fluid compartment into the interstitial spaces. The result is edema and hypovolemia, which stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium and water to increase intravascular volume. These pathologic processes and others that are less well understood bring about the group of symptoms known as the nephrotic syndrome. The first sign noted is usually swelling about the eyes on rising in the morning that subsides during the day. As edema worsens there is a gradual weight gain, which parents may mistake for healthy growth. The fluid shift progresses and eventually causes abdominal swelling from ascites, respiratory difficulty from pleural effusion, and generalized edema. anasarca (severe generalized swelling) sometimes occurs in association with an acute infection. Intestinal edema can cause diarrhea and anorexia. There is also a diminished output of urine, which is dark and frothy. Treatment includes rest during the edema phase, management of fluid balance, and administration of corticosteroids such as prednisone. Corticosteroid therapy is gradually decreased until the urine is free of proteins and edema subsides. About 80 per cent of children with nephrosis have a favorable prognosis. Cases resistant to this therapy may be given an immunosuppressant such as cytoxan, which is alternated with prednisone every other day. Monitoring includes measurement of vital signs, daily weight, fluid intake and output, and abdominal girth. The progress of edema is assessed daily or more often as indicated. Once the swelling subsides the child usually is less lethargic and should be ready and eager to resume usual activities. In preparation for discharge the parents are taught how to test urine for albumin, the purpose and untoward side effects of prescribed medications, signs of relapse, and the techniques and importance of avoiding infection. Referral to a home health care nurse or visiting nurse may be appropriate if the parents have a need for continued support and guidance. ne·phro·sis(ne-frō'sis),nephrosis(nə-frō′sĭs)nephrosis(1) Nephrotic syndrome, see there.(2) A non-inflammatory, non-neoplastic disease of kidney, typically used with modifiers (e.g., lipoid nephrosis). nephrosisNephrologyne·phro·sis(ne'frō'sis)nephrosisSee NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.nephrosisdegenerative changes in the epithelium of the kidney tubules, resulting in large molucules leaving the blood plasma and being excreted in the urine.NephrosisSee NPHS nephrosisenUK
Synonyms for nephrosis
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