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单词 hirsutism
释义

hirsutism


hir·sut·ism

H0215700 (hûr′so͞o-tĭz′əm, hîr′-, hər-so͞o′-)n. Heavy growth of hair, often in abnormal distribution.

hirsutism

(ˈhɜːsjuːˌtɪzəm) n (Medicine) med the condition of being abnormally hairy

hir•sut•ism

(ˈhɜr suˌtɪz əm, hɜrˈsu tɪz-)

n. abnormal hairiness.

hirsutism

1. a condition of shaggy hairiness.
2. Biology. the state of being covered “with long, stiff hairs. — hirsute, adj.
See also: Hair
Thesaurus
Noun1.hirsutism - excessive hairinesshirsutenesshairiness, pilosity - the quality of having hair
Translations

Hirsutism


hirsutism

[′hər·sə‚tiz·əm] (medicine) An abnormal condition characterized by growth of hair in unusual places and in unusual amounts.

Hirsutism

 

masculine type of hairiness in women; one of the manifestations of virilism. The term “hirsutism” was introduced into medical practice in 1910 by the French physician E. Apert.

Hirsutism is most often a symptom of several diseases produced by affection of the adrenal cortex and the sex glands. A symptom resembling hirsutism is also observed with the development of a tumor in the anterior pituitary gland, which is accompanied by increased secretion of the hormone that activates function of the adrenal cortex. Hirsutism is revealed by the appearance of hair on the face (mustache and beard), abdomen, chest, arms, and legs. It may be characterized by the predominance of adiposity (“adipose” hirsutism) with excessive development of blackheads or by sharply expressed masculine traits. In the latter case, the musculature and skeleton of young women resemble those of a man (“muscular” hirsutism), and meat-red spots appear on the body (mainly on the face and legs). Hirsutism in little girls is often accompanied by premature development of the external sex organs and of secondary sexual characteristics of the male, underdeveloped internal sex organs, absence of menstruation, enlargement of the mammary glands (owing to fatty, not glandular, tissue), and roughening of the voice; there is psychological and intellectual retardation, and sexual feeling is absent. Treatment of hirsutism calls for surgery and X-ray therapy.

Hairiness is sometimes observed also in women during the climacteric, when there is a decrease in ovarian function. In the absence of the other clinical symptoms observed in pathologic hirsutism, family (genetic) hirsutism, which develops in young women, often in the period of sexual maturation, presents a special picture. This type is apparently the result of an increased sensitivity of the hair bulbs to the normal male-hormone content in the woman’s body. The treatment for this form of hirsutism consists in local attack on the hair bulbs—electrocoagulation and electrolysis.

L. M. GOL’BER

hirsutism


Hirsutism

 

Definition

Excessive growth of facial or body hair in women is called hirsutism.

Description

Hirsutism is not a disease. The condition usually develops during puberty and becomes more pronounced as the years go by. However, an inherited tendency, over-production of male hormones (androgens), medication, or disease, can cause it to appear at any age.Women who have hirsutism usually have irregular menstrual cycles. They sometimes have small breasts and deep voices, and their muscles and genitals may become larger than women without the condition.

Types of hirsutism

Idiopathic hirsutism is probably hereditary, because there is usually a family history of the disorder. Women with idiopathic hirsutism have normal menstrual cycles and no evidence of any of the conditions associated with secondary hirsutism.Secondary hirsutism is most often associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (an inherited hormonal disorder characterized by menstrual irregularities, biochemical abnormalities, and obesity). This type of hirsutism may also be caused by:
  • malfunctions of the pituitary or adrenal glands
  • use of male hormones or minoxidil (Loniten), a drug used to widen blood vessels
  • adrenal or ovarian tumors.

Causes and symptoms

Hirsutism is rarely caused by a serious underlying disorder. Pregnancy occasionally stimulates its development. Hirsutism triggered by tumors is very unusual.Hair follicles usually become enlarged, and the hairs themselves become larger and darker. A woman whose hirsutism is caused by an increase in male hormones has a pattern of hair growth similar to that of a man. A woman whose hirsutism is not hormone-related has long, fine hairs on her face, arms, chest, and back.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is based on a family history of hirsutism, a personal history of menstrual irregularities, and masculine traits. Laboratory tests are not needed to assess the status of patients whose menstrual cycles are normal and who have mild, gradually progressing hirsutism.A family physician or endocrinologist may order blood tests to measure hormone levels in women with long-standing menstrual problems or more severe hirsutism. Computed tomography scans (CT scans) are sometimes performed to evaluate diseases of the adrenal glands. Additional diagnostic procedures may be used to confirm or rule out underlying diseases or disorders.

Treatment

Primary hirsutism can be treated mechanically. Mechanical treatment involves bleaching or physically removing unwanted hair by:
  • cutting
  • electrolysis
  • shaving
  • tweezing
  • waxing
  • using hair-removing creams (depilatories)
Low-dose dexamethasone (a synthetic adrenocortical steroid), birth-control pills, or medications that suppress male hormones (for example, spironolactone) may be prescribed for patients whose condition stems from high androgen levels.Treatment of secondary hirsutism is determined by the underlying cause of the condition.

Prognosis

Birth-control pills alone cause this condition to stabilize in one of every two patients and to improve in one of every 10.When spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed to suppress hair growth, 70% of patients experience improvement within six months. When women also take birth-control pills, menstrual cycles become regular and hair growth is suppressed even more.

Resources

Organizations

American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 1209 Montgomery Highway, Birmingham, AL 35216-2809. (205) 978-5000. http://www.asrm.com.

Key terms

Idiopathic — A term for a disease with no known cause, from the Greek stems idio (peculiar or separate) and pathy (disease).

hirsutism

 [her´soo-tizm] abnormal hairiness, especially in women.

hir·sut·ism

(hĭr'sū-tizm), Presence of excessive bodily and facial hair, usually in a male pattern, especially in women; may be present in normal adults as an expression of an ethnic characteristic or may develop in children or adults as the result of androgen excess due to tumors, or of nonandrogenetic or other drugs. Synonym(s): hirsuties, pilosis [L. hirsutus, shaggy]

hirsutism

(hûr′so͞o-tĭz′əm, hîr′-, hər-so͞o′-)n. Heavy growth of hair, often in abnormal distribution.
Excess body hair, which is divided into
(1) Androgen-independent hirsutism—entire body is covered with vellous hair evenly distributed over androgen-dependent and independent regions
Aetiology Congenital disease (e.g., Cornelia de Lange and Seckel syndromes), drugs (e.g., androgen analogues, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, minoxidil, phenytoin and progesterone analogues), metabolic disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, porphyria cutanea tarda)
(2) Androgen-dependent hirsutism—increased terminal hair over ‘androgenic’ regions of the face and upper chest

hirsutism

Excess body hair, which is divided into 1. Androgen-independent hirsutism–entire body is covered with vellous hair evenly distributed over androgen-dependent and -independent regions Etiology Congenital disease–eg, Cornelia de Lange and Seckel syndromes, drugs–eg, androgen analogues, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, minoxidil, phenytoin and progesterone analogues, metabolic disorders–eg, anorexia nervosa, porphyria cutanea tarda.2. Androgen-dependent hirsutism– ↑ terminal hair over 'androgenic' regions of the face and upper chest.

hir·sut·ism

(hir'sū-tizm) Presence of excessive bodily and facial terminal hair, in a male pattern, especially in women; may be present in normal adults as an expression of an ethnic characteristic or may develop in children or adults as the result of androgen excess due to tumors or drugs (e.g., nonandrogenetic drugs). [L. hirsutus, shaggy]

hirsutism

Excessive hairiness. Hirsutism in women is due to an excess of male sex hormone (androgen). Hirsutism results from interaction between the androgen level and the sensitivity of the hair follicles to androgen, both of which may vary. It also relates to the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin. Pubic hair is entirely dependent on the presence of androgen. Hirsutism may rarely occur from an ovarian or adrenal gland tumour. but is usually hereditary, ethnic or just unfortunate. Hypertrichosis-generalized excessive hair growth-can be caused by certain drugs such as STEROIDS, PHENYTOIN and STREPTOMYCIN.

hir·sut·ism

(hir'sū-tizm) Presence of excessive bodily and facial hair, usually in a male pattern, especially in women; may be present in normal adults as an expression of an ethnic characteristic or may develop in children or adults as the result of androgen excess due to tumors. [L. hirsutus, shaggy]

See hirsutism

hirsutism


  • noun

Synonyms for hirsutism

noun excessive hairiness

Synonyms

  • hirsuteness

Related Words

  • hairiness
  • pilosity
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更新时间:2025/2/19 9:25:46